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Linux Filesystem Directories

here's a diagram showcasing EXT4 directories: Linux EXT4 File system Diagram

Directory Description Common Contents
/ Root directory, the top-level directory in the filesystem hierarchy. Directories like bin, etc, home, var, etc.
/bin Essential user binaries (executables) needed for basic system operations. Commands like ls, cp, mv, rm, bash.
/sbin System binaries and executables primarily intended for system administration tasks. Commands like ifconfig, fsck, reboot, shutdown.
/boot Boot-related files and Kernel itself for starting the system. Files like vmlinuz, initrd.img, grub directory.
/dev Device files representing hardware components and virtual devices. Files like sda, tty, null, random, zero.
/etc System configuration files and scripts for system-wide settings and services. Files like passwd, hosts, fstab, init.d, systemd directory.
/home User home directories containing personal files and user-specific configuration. Subdirectories like /home/user1, /home/user2.
/lib Shared libraries and modules essential for running binaries in /bin and /sbin. Files like libc.so.6, ld-linux.so.2, kernel modules.
/root Home directory for the root user (system administrator). Personal files and configurations for the root user.
/run Runtime data, such as system information and temporary files, stored during the system's uptime. Files like /run/lock, /run/shm, PID files for services.
/sys Virtual filesystem providing information about devices, drivers, and kernel features. Directories like /sys/class, /sys/block.
/tmp Temporary files created by applications and the system. Cleared on reboot or periodically. Temporary files and directories for short-term use by applications.
/usr Secondary hierarchy for user applications and system utilities, typically read-only. Subdirectories like /usr/bin, /usr/lib, /usr/share, /usr/local.
/opt Optional application software packages and add-on software not part of the default system. Application directories, e.g., /opt/google/chrome, /opt/office.
/var Variable files such as logs, databases, mail, and other frequently changing files. Directories like /var/log, /var/spool, /var/tmp, /var/cache.
/proc Virtual filesystem providing process and system information as files and directories. Directories like /proc/cpuinfo, /proc/meminfo, /proc/[pid].