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<body class="html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-node page-node-133725 node-type-web-area og-context og-context-node og-context-node-133725 section-climate-change-science microsite" >
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<h2 class="microsite-name">Climate Change Science</h2>
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<ul class="epa-banner-field clearfix"><li class="epa-banner" style="background-image: url(/sites/production/files/styles/microsite_banner/public/2016-12/epa-banner-images/science_banner_arctic.png);"><div class="banner-content"><h2 class="banner-title"></h2><p>What is the difference between climate change and global warming? And between climate and weather?</p>
<p><a href="/climate-change-science/overview-climate-change-science">Find the answers »</a></p>
</div></li><li class="epa-banner" style="background-image: url(/sites/production/files/styles/microsite_banner/public/2016-12/epa-banner-images/science_banner_smokestack.jpg);"><div class="banner-content"><h2 class="banner-title"></h2><p>Why is the climate changing?</p>
<p>Learn about the <a href="/climate-change-science/causes-climate-change">causes of climate change »</a></p>
</div></li><li class="epa-banner" style="background-image: url(/sites/production/files/styles/microsite_banner/public/2016-12/epa-banner-images/science_banner_wildfire.jpg);"><div class="banner-content"><h2 class="banner-title"></h2><p>Are extreme weather events becoming more frequent, and is it related to climate change?</p>
<p>Understand the link between <a href="/climate-change-science/understanding-link-between-climate-change-and-extreme-weather">climate change & extreme weather »</a></p>
</div></li><li class="epa-banner" style="background-image: url(/sites/production/files/styles/microsite_banner/public/2016-12/epa-banner-images/science_banner_marine.png);"><div class="banner-content"><h2 class="banner-title"></h2><p><em>Climate Change Indicators</em> tracks how our planet has already changed.</p>
<p><a href="/climate-indicators">Explore the report »</a></p>
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<li><a href="/climatechange/what-you-can-do-about-climate-change">What You Can Do</a></li>
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<h2 class="pane-title">Climate change fundamentals:</h2>
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class="figure image file file-image file-image-png view-mode-full" style="width:600px;"><img alt="Orbiting Carbon Observatory above earth" height="200" width="600" class="media-element file-full" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/large/public/2016-09/observatory_2.png" /></span></a>See what science tells us about climate change: <strong><a href="/climate-change-science/overview-climate-change-science">Climate Science Overview</a></strong></div>
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class="figure image file file-image file-image-png view-mode-full" style="width:600px;"><img alt="Image of the continents in various shades of red; adapted from IPCC's projected changes in global average temperatures" height="200" width="600" class="media-element file-full" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/large/public/2016-09/heatmap_1.png" /></span></a>See how our planet may be affected in the future: <strong><a href="/climate-change-science/future-climate-change">Future of Climate Change</a></strong></div>
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<p><span
class="figure image file file-image file-image-png view-mode-block_header" style="width:576px;"><img alt="photo of an agricultural field in the sunset" height="240" width="576" class="media-element file-full file-block-header" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/block_header/public/2016-09/agriculture_banner.png" title="" /></span><a href="/climate-impacts">Climate Change Impacts</a> explores impacts by region, sector, and state.</p>
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<p><span
class="figure image file file-image file-image-jpeg view-mode-block_header" style="width:288px;"><img alt="Photo of palm trees in storm" height="120" width="288" class="media-element file-full file-block-header" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/block_header/public/2016-08/extreme_weather_header.jpg" title="" /></span><a href="/climate-change-science/understanding-link-between-climate-change-and-extreme-weather">Extreme Weather</a> illustrates how these events are linked to climate change.</p>
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<p><span
class="figure image file file-image file-image-png view-mode-block_header" style="width:576px;"><img alt="Photo of a roofer working in the sunset" height="240" width="576" class="media-element file-full file-block-header" typeof="foaf:Image" src="/sites/production/files/styles/block_header/public/2016-09/labor_banner.png" title="" /></span>The <a href="/climate-change-science/climate-change-impacts-and-risk-analysis-cira">Climate Change Impacts and Risk Analysis</a> project analyzes future impacts.</p>
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<ul><li><a href="/climatechange">EPA: Climate Change Home</a></li>
<li><a href="/climate-research">EPA: Climate Change Research</a></li>
<li><a href="/climatechange/climate-change-facts-answers-common-questions">Frequent Questions on Climate Change</a></li>
<li><a href="/climatechange/extreme-heat-guidebook">Extreme Heat: What You Can Do to Prepare</a></li>
<li><a href="/climate-change-science/methane-and-black-carbon-impacts-arctic-communicating-science">Methane and Black Carbon Impacts on the Arctic</a></li>
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<ul><li><a href="http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/">National Climate Assessment</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.globalchange.gov">U.S. Global Change Research Program</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.climate.gov">NOAA Climate.gov</a></li>
<li><a href="http://climate.nasa.gov/">NASA Climate Change</a></li>
<li><a href="http://nas-sites.org/americasclimatechoices/">Climate Change at the National Academies</a></li>
<li><a href="http://ipcc.ch/">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></li>
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myFacts[1] = "Although it will depend on how greenhouse gas emissions change in the coming years, the average global temperature will likley increase by at least 2.0°F by 2100 under most scenarios.";
myFacts[2] = "The present day concentration of methane in that atmosphere is roughly three times that of pre-Industrial Revolution times.";
myFacts[3] = "The levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are now higher than they have ever been in human history.";
myFacts[4] = "Methane, a major greenhouse gas, is 28 to 36 times stronger at warming the Earth than carbon dioxide over 100 years.";
myFacts[5] = "Over the last 11-year solar cycle, solar output has been lower than the mid-20th century, and therefore does not explain the recent warming of the Earth.";
myFacts[6] = "The loss of ice at the poles makes the Earth absorb more solar energy, heating up the planet even more.";
myFacts[7] = "By 2100, the average U.S. temperature is projected to increase by about 3°F to 12°F, depending on emissions scenario and climate model.";
myFacts[8] = "Northern Hemisphere snow cover is expected to decrease by approximately 15% by 2100.";
myFacts[9] = "Global sea level is predicted to rise by another 1 to 4 feet by 2100, with an uncertainty range of 0.66 to 6.6 feet.";
myFacts[10] = "Global sea level does not only increase because ice on land is melting, but also because water expands as it gets warmer.";
myFacts[11] = "Increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide also lead to more acidic ocean water, which harms coral and other marine life.";
myFacts[12] = "Heavy precipitation events in the United States will likely be more frequent, even in areas where total precipitation is projected to decrease.";
myFacts[13] = "Global average annual precipitation through the end of the century is expected to increase, although changes in the amount and intensity of precipitation will vary significantly by region.";
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