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T1071.001 - Web Protocols

Description from ATT&CK

Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.

Protocols such as HTTP and HTTPS that carry web traffic may be very common in environments. HTTP/S packets have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.

Atomic Tests


Atomic Test #1 - Malicious User Agents - Powershell

This test simulates an infected host beaconing to command and control. Upon execution, no output will be displayed. Use an application such as Wireshark to record the session and observe user agent strings and responses.

Inspired by APTSimulator - https://github.com/NextronSystems/APTSimulator/blob/master/test-sets/command-and-control/malicious-user-agents.bat

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
domain Default domain to simulate against string www.google.com

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

Invoke-WebRequest #{domain} -UserAgent "HttpBrowser/1.0" | out-null
Invoke-WebRequest #{domain} -UserAgent "Wget/1.9+cvs-stable (Red Hat modified)" | out-null
Invoke-WebRequest #{domain} -UserAgent "Opera/8.81 (Windows NT 6.0; U; en)" | out-null
Invoke-WebRequest #{domain} -UserAgent "*<|>*" | out-null


Atomic Test #2 - Malicious User Agents - CMD

This test simulates an infected host beaconing to command and control. Upon execution, no out put will be displayed. Use an application such as Wireshark to record the session and observe user agent strings and responses.

Inspired by APTSimulator - https://github.com/NextronSystems/APTSimulator/blob/master/test-sets/command-and-control/malicious-user-agents.bat

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
domain Default domain to simulate against string www.google.com
curl_path path to curl.exe path C:\Windows\System32\Curl.exe

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

#{curl_path} -s -A "HttpBrowser/1.0" -m3 #{domain} >nul 2>&1
#{curl_path} -s -A "Wget/1.9+cvs-stable (Red Hat modified)" -m3 #{domain} >nul 2>&1
#{curl_path} -s -A "Opera/8.81 (Windows NT 6.0; U; en)" -m3 #{domain} >nul 2>&1
#{curl_path} -s -A "*<|>*" -m3 #{domain} >nul 2>&1

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: Curl must be installed on system
Check Prereq Commands:
if (Test-Path #{curl_path}) {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
Invoke-WebRequest "https://curl.haxx.se/windows/dl-7.71.1/curl-7.71.1-win32-mingw.zip" -Outfile $env:temp\curl.zip
Expand-Archive -Path $env:temp\curl.zip -DestinationPath $env:temp\curl
Copy-Item $env:temp\curl\curl-7.71.1-win32-mingw\bin\curl.exe #{curl_path}
Remove-Item $env:temp\curl
Remove-Item $env:temp\curl.zip


Atomic Test #3 - Malicious User Agents - Nix

This test simulates an infected host beaconing to command and control. Inspired by APTSimulator - https://github.com/NextronSystems/APTSimulator/blob/master/test-sets/command-and-control/malicious-user-agents.bat

Supported Platforms: Linux, macOS

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
domain Default domain to simulate against string www.google.com

Attack Commands: Run with sh!

curl -s -A "HttpBrowser/1.0" -m3 #{domain}
curl -s -A "Wget/1.9+cvs-stable (Red Hat modified)" -m3 #{domain}
curl -s -A "Opera/8.81 (Windows NT 6.0; U; en)" -m3 #{domain}
curl -s -A "*<|>*" -m3 #{domain}