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tol_colors.py
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tol_colors.py
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"""
Definition of colour schemes for lines and maps that also work for colour-blind
people. See https://personal.sron.nl/~pault/ for background information and
best usage of the schemes.
Copyright (c) 2019, Paul Tol
All rights reserved.
License: Standard 3-clause BSD
"""
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap, to_rgba_array
def discretemap(colormap, hexclrs):
"""
Produce a colormap from a list of discrete colors without interpolation.
"""
clrs = to_rgba_array(hexclrs)
clrs = np.vstack([clrs[0], clrs, clrs[-1]])
cdict = {}
for ki, key in enumerate(('red','green','blue')):
cdict[key] = [ (i/(len(clrs)-2.), clrs[i, ki], clrs[i+1, ki]) for i in range(len(clrs)-1) ]
return LinearSegmentedColormap(colormap, cdict)
class TOLcmaps(object):
"""
Class TOLcmaps definition.
"""
def __init__(self):
"""
"""
self.cmap = None
self.cname = None
self.namelist = (
'sunset_discrete', 'sunset', 'BuRd_discrete', 'BuRd',
'PRGn_discrete', 'PRGn', 'YlOrBr_discrete', 'YlOrBr', 'WhOrBr',
'iridescent', 'rainbow_PuRd', 'rainbow_PuBr', 'rainbow_WhRd',
'rainbow_WhBr', 'rainbow_discrete')
self.funcdict = dict(
zip(self.namelist,
(self.__sunset_discrete, self.__sunset, self.__BuRd_discrete,
self.__BuRd, self.__PRGn_discrete, self.__PRGn,
self.__YlOrBr_discrete, self.__YlOrBr, self.__WhOrBr,
self.__iridescent, self.__rainbow_PuRd, self.__rainbow_PuBr,
self.__rainbow_WhRd, self.__rainbow_WhBr,
self.__rainbow_discrete)))
def __sunset_discrete(self):
"""
Define colormap 'sunset_discrete'.
"""
clrs = ['#364B9A', '#4A7BB7', '#6EA6CD', '#98CAE1', '#C2E4EF',
'#EAECCC', '#FEDA8B', '#FDB366', '#F67E4B', '#DD3D2D',
'#A50026']
self.cmap = discretemap(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#FFFFFF')
def __sunset(self):
"""
Define colormap 'sunset'.
"""
clrs = ['#364B9A', '#4A7BB7', '#6EA6CD', '#98CAE1', '#C2E4EF',
'#EAECCC', '#FEDA8B', '#FDB366', '#F67E4B', '#DD3D2D',
'#A50026']
self.cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#FFFFFF')
def __BuRd_discrete(self):
"""
Define colormap 'BuRd_discrete'.
"""
clrs = ['#2166AC', '#4393C3', '#92C5DE', '#D1E5F0', '#F7F7F7',
'#FDDBC7', '#F4A582', '#D6604D', '#B2182B']
self.cmap = discretemap(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#FFEE99')
def __BuRd(self):
"""
Define colormap 'BuRd'.
"""
clrs = ['#2166AC', '#4393C3', '#92C5DE', '#D1E5F0', '#F7F7F7',
'#FDDBC7', '#F4A582', '#D6604D', '#B2182B']
self.cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#FFEE99')
def __PRGn_discrete(self):
"""
Define colormap 'PRGn_discrete'.
"""
clrs = ['#762A83', '#9970AB', '#C2A5CF', '#E7D4E8', '#F7F7F7',
'#D9F0D3', '#ACD39E', '#5AAE61', '#1B7837']
self.cmap = discretemap(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#FFEE99')
def __PRGn(self):
"""
Define colormap 'PRGn'.
"""
clrs = ['#762A83', '#9970AB', '#C2A5CF', '#E7D4E8', '#F7F7F7',
'#D9F0D3', '#ACD39E', '#5AAE61', '#1B7837']
self.cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#FFEE99')
def __YlOrBr_discrete(self):
"""
Define colormap 'YlOrBr_discrete'.
"""
clrs = ['#FFFFE5', '#FFF7BC', '#FEE391', '#FEC44F', '#FB9A29',
'#EC7014', '#CC4C02', '#993404', '#662506']
self.cmap = discretemap(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#888888')
def __YlOrBr(self):
"""
Define colormap 'YlOrBr'.
"""
clrs = ['#FFFFE5', '#FFF7BC', '#FEE391', '#FEC44F', '#FB9A29',
'#EC7014', '#CC4C02', '#993404', '#662506']
self.cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#888888')
def __WhOrBr(self):
"""
Define colormap 'WhOrBr'.
"""
clrs = ['#FFFFFF', '#FFF7BC', '#FEE391', '#FEC44F', '#FB9A29',
'#EC7014', '#CC4C02', '#993404', '#662506']
self.cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#888888')
def __iridescent(self):
"""
Define colormap 'iridescent'.
"""
clrs = ['#FEFBE9', '#FCF7D5', '#F5F3C1', '#EAF0B5', '#DDECBF',
'#D0E7CA', '#C2E3D2', '#B5DDD8', '#A8D8DC', '#9BD2E1',
'#8DCBE4', '#81C4E7', '#7BBCE7', '#7EB2E4', '#88A5DD',
'#9398D2', '#9B8AC4', '#9D7DB2', '#9A709E', '#906388',
'#805770', '#684957', '#46353A']
self.cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#999999')
def __rainbow_PuRd(self):
"""
Define colormap 'rainbow_PuRd'.
"""
clrs = ['#6F4C9B', '#6059A9', '#5568B8', '#4E79C5', '#4D8AC6',
'#4E96BC', '#549EB3', '#59A5A9', '#60AB9E', '#69B190',
'#77B77D', '#8CBC68', '#A6BE54', '#BEBC48', '#D1B541',
'#DDAA3C', '#E49C39', '#E78C35', '#E67932', '#E4632D',
'#DF4828', '#DA2222']
self.cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#FFFFFF')
def __rainbow_PuBr(self):
"""
Define colormap 'rainbow_PuBr'.
"""
clrs = ['#6F4C9B', '#6059A9', '#5568B8', '#4E79C5', '#4D8AC6',
'#4E96BC', '#549EB3', '#59A5A9', '#60AB9E', '#69B190',
'#77B77D', '#8CBC68', '#A6BE54', '#BEBC48', '#D1B541',
'#DDAA3C', '#E49C39', '#E78C35', '#E67932', '#E4632D',
'#DF4828', '#DA2222', '#B8221E', '#95211B', '#721E17',
'#521A13']
self.cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#FFFFFF')
def __rainbow_WhRd(self):
"""
Define colormap 'rainbow_WhRd'.
"""
clrs = ['#E8ECFB', '#DDD8EF', '#D1C1E1', '#C3A8D1', '#B58FC2',
'#A778B4', '#9B62A7', '#8C4E99', '#6F4C9B', '#6059A9',
'#5568B8', '#4E79C5', '#4D8AC6', '#4E96BC', '#549EB3',
'#59A5A9', '#60AB9E', '#69B190', '#77B77D', '#8CBC68',
'#A6BE54', '#BEBC48', '#D1B541', '#DDAA3C', '#E49C39',
'#E78C35', '#E67932', '#E4632D', '#DF4828', '#DA2222']
self.cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#666666')
def __rainbow_WhBr(self):
"""
Define colormap 'rainbow_WhBr'.
"""
clrs = ['#E8ECFB', '#DDD8EF', '#D1C1E1', '#C3A8D1', '#B58FC2',
'#A778B4', '#9B62A7', '#8C4E99', '#6F4C9B', '#6059A9',
'#5568B8', '#4E79C5', '#4D8AC6', '#4E96BC', '#549EB3',
'#59A5A9', '#60AB9E', '#69B190', '#77B77D', '#8CBC68',
'#A6BE54', '#BEBC48', '#D1B541', '#DDAA3C', '#E49C39',
'#E78C35', '#E67932', '#E4632D', '#DF4828', '#DA2222',
'#B8221E', '#95211B', '#721E17', '#521A13']
self.cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(self.cname, clrs)
self.cmap.set_bad('#666666')
def __rainbow_discrete(self, lut=None):
"""
Define colormap 'rainbow_discrete'.
"""
clrs = ['#E8ECFB', '#D9CCE3', '#D1BBD7', '#CAACCB', '#BA8DB4',
'#AE76A3', '#AA6F9E', '#994F88', '#882E72', '#1965B0',
'#437DBF', '#5289C7', '#6195CF', '#7BAFDE', '#4EB265',
'#90C987', '#CAE0AB', '#F7F056', '#F7CB45', '#F6C141',
'#F4A736', '#F1932D', '#EE8026', '#E8601C', '#E65518',
'#DC050C', '#A5170E', '#72190E', '#42150A']
indexes = [[9], [9, 25], [9, 17, 25], [9, 14, 17, 25], [9, 13, 14, 17,
25], [9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 25], [8, 9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 25], [8,
9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 22, 25], [8, 9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 22, 25, 27],
[8, 9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 23, 25, 27], [8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16,
17, 20, 23, 25, 27], [2, 5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 23,
25], [2, 5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 23, 25], [2, 5,
8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25], [2, 5, 8, 9, 11,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27], [2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27], [2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27], [2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27], [1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8,
9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27], [1, 3, 4,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 26,
27], [1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20,
22, 24, 25, 26, 27], [1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28], [0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28]]
if lut == None or lut < 1 or lut > 23:
lut = 22
self.cmap = discretemap(self.cname, [ clrs[i] for i in indexes[lut-1] ])
if lut == 23:
self.cmap.set_bad('#777777')
else:
self.cmap.set_bad('#FFFFFF')
def show(self):
"""
List names of defined colormaps.
"""
print(' '.join(repr(n) for n in self.namelist))
def get(self, cname='rainbow_PuRd', lut=None):
"""
Return requested colormap, default is 'rainbow_PuRd'.
"""
self.cname = cname
if cname == 'rainbow_discrete':
self.__rainbow_discrete(lut)
else:
self.funcdict[cname]()
return self.cmap
def tol_cmap(colormap=None, lut=None):
"""
Continuous and discrete color sets for ordered data.
Return a matplotlib colormap.
Parameter lut is ignored for all colormaps except 'rainbow_discrete'.
"""
obj = TOLcmaps()
if colormap == None:
return obj.namelist
if colormap not in obj.namelist:
colormap = 'rainbow_PuRd'
print('*** Warning: requested colormap not defined,',
'known colormaps are {}.'.format(obj.namelist),
'Using {}.'.format(colormap))
return obj.get(colormap, lut)
def tol_cset(colorset=None):
"""
Discrete color sets for qualitative data.
Define a namedtuple instance with the colors.
Examples for: cset = tol_cset(<scheme>)
- cset.red and cset[1] give the same color (in default 'bright' colorset)
- cset._fields gives a tuple with all color names
- list(cset) gives a list with all colors
"""
from collections import namedtuple
namelist = ('bright', 'high-contrast', 'vibrant', 'muted', 'light')
if colorset == None:
return namelist
if colorset not in namelist:
colorset = 'bright'
print('*** Warning: requested colorset not defined,',
'known colorsets are {}.'.format(namelist),
'Using {}.'.format(colorset))
if colorset == 'bright':
cset = namedtuple('Bcset',
'blue red green yellow cyan purple grey black')
return cset('#4477AA', '#EE6677', '#228833', '#CCBB44', '#66CCEE',
'#AA3377', '#BBBBBB', '#000000')
if colorset == 'high-contrast':
cset = namedtuple('Hcset',
'blue yellow red black')
return cset('#004488', '#DDAA33', '#BB5566', '#000000')
if colorset == 'vibrant':
cset = namedtuple('Vcset',
'orange blue cyan magenta red teal grey black')
return cset('#EE7733', '#0077BB', '#33BBEE', '#EE3377', '#CC3311',
'#009988', '#BBBBBB', '#000000')
if colorset == 'muted':
cset = namedtuple('Mcset',
'rose indigo sand green cyan wine teal olive purple pale_grey black')
return cset('#CC6677', '#332288', '#DDCC77', '#117733', '#88CCEE',
'#882255', '#44AA99', '#999933', '#AA4499', '#DDDDDD',
'#000000')
if colorset == 'light':
cset = namedtuple('Lcset',
'light_blue orange light_yellow pink light_cyan mint pear olive pale_grey black')
return cset('#77AADD', '#EE8866', '#EEDD88', '#FFAABB', '#99DDFF',
'#44BB99', '#BBCC33', '#AAAA00', '#DDDDDD', '#000000')
def main():
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# Change default colorset (for lines) and colormap (for maps).
# plt.rc('axes', prop_cycle=plt.cycler('color', list(tol_cset('bright'))))
# plt.cm.register_cmap('rainbow_PuRd', tol_cmap('rainbow_PuRd'))
# plt.rc('image', cmap='rainbow_PuRd')
# Show colorsets tol_cset(<scheme>).
schemes = tol_cset()
fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=len(schemes))
fig.subplots_adjust(top=0.92, bottom=0.02, left=0.02, right=0.92)
for ax, scheme in zip(axes, schemes):
cset = tol_cset(scheme)
names = cset._fields
colors = list(cset)
for name, color in zip(names, colors):
ax.scatter([], [], c=color, s=80, label=name)
ax.set_axis_off()
ax.legend(loc=2)
ax.set_title(scheme)
plt.show()
# Show colormaps tol_cmap(<scheme>).
schemes = tol_cmap()
gradient = np.linspace(0, 1, 256)
gradient = np.vstack((gradient, gradient))
fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=len(schemes))
fig.subplots_adjust(top=0.98, bottom=0.02, left=0.2, right=0.99)
for ax, scheme in zip(axes, schemes):
pos = list(ax.get_position().bounds)
ax.set_axis_off()
ax.imshow(gradient, aspect=4, cmap=tol_cmap(scheme))
fig.text(pos[0] - 0.01, pos[1] + pos[3]/2., scheme, va='center', ha='right', fontsize=10)
plt.show()
# Show colormaps tol_cmap('rainbow_discrete', <lut>).
gradient = np.linspace(0, 1, 256)
gradient = np.vstack((gradient, gradient))
fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=23)
fig.subplots_adjust(top=0.98, bottom=0.02, left=0.25, right=0.99)
for lut, ax in enumerate(axes, start=1):
pos = list(ax.get_position().bounds)
ax.set_axis_off()
ax.imshow(gradient, aspect=4, cmap=tol_cmap('rainbow_discrete', lut))
fig.text(pos[0] - 0.01, pos[1] + pos[3]/2., 'rainbow_discrete, ' + str(lut), va='center', ha='right', fontsize=10)
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()