code/67-自注意力和位置编码.ipynb

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   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
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   },
   "source": [
    "# 自注意力和位置编码\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "origin_pos": 2,
    "tab": [
     "pytorch"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "import torch\n",
    "from torch import nn\n",
    "from d2l import torch as d2l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "自注意力"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "origin_pos": 6,
    "tab": [
     "pytorch"
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   "outputs": [
    {
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      "text/plain": [
       "MultiHeadAttention(\n",
       "  (attention): DotProductAttention(\n",
       "    (dropout): Dropout(p=0.5, inplace=False)\n",
       "  )\n",
       "  (W_q): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=100, bias=False)\n",
       "  (W_k): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=100, bias=False)\n",
       "  (W_v): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=100, bias=False)\n",
       "  (W_o): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=100, bias=False)\n",
       ")"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num_hiddens, num_heads = 100, 5\n",
    "attention = d2l.MultiHeadAttention(num_hiddens, num_hiddens, num_hiddens,\n",
    "                                   num_hiddens, num_heads, 0.5)\n",
    "attention.eval()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "origin_pos": 8,
    "tab": [
     "pytorch"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "torch.Size([2, 4, 100])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "batch_size, num_queries, valid_lens = 2, 4, torch.tensor([3, 2])\n",
    "X = torch.ones((batch_size, num_queries, num_hiddens))\n",
    "attention(X, X, X, valid_lens).shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "位置编码"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "origin_pos": 12,
    "tab": [
     "pytorch"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class PositionalEncoding(nn.Module):\n",
    "    \"\"\"位置编码\"\"\"\n",
    "    def __init__(self, num_hiddens, dropout, max_len=1000):\n",
    "        super(PositionalEncoding, self).__init__()\n",
    "        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)\n",
    "        self.P = torch.zeros((1, max_len, num_hiddens))#num_hiddens特征维度\n",
    "        X = torch.arange(max_len, dtype=torch.float32).reshape(\n",
    "            -1, 1) / torch.pow(10000, torch.arange(\n",
    "            0, num_hiddens, 2, dtype=torch.float32) / num_hiddens)\n",
    "        self.P[:, :, 0::2] = torch.sin(X)\n",
    "        self.P[:, :, 1::2] = torch.cos(X)\n",
    "        #对应位置编码公式\n",
    "    def forward(self, X):\n",
    "        X = X + self.P[:, :X.shape[1], :].to(X.device)#取出对应长度的位置编码\n",
    "        return self.dropout(X)#dropout避免对P太过敏感"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "行代表词元在序列中的位置，列代表位置编码的不同维度"
   ]
  },
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   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "origin_pos": 16,
    "tab": [
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   ],
   "source": [
    "encoding_dim, num_steps = 32, 60\n",
    "pos_encoding = PositionalEncoding(encoding_dim, 0)\n",
    "pos_encoding.eval()\n",
    "X = pos_encoding(torch.zeros((1, num_steps, encoding_dim)))\n",
    "P = pos_encoding.P[:, :X.shape[1], :]\n",
    "d2l.plot(torch.arange(num_steps), P[0, :, 6:10].T, xlabel='Row (position)',\n",
    "         figsize=(6, 2.5), legend=[\"Col %d\" % d for d in torch.arange(6, 10)])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "二进制表示"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "origin_pos": 19,
    "tab": [
     "pytorch"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0的二进制是：000\n",
      "1的二进制是：001\n",
      "2的二进制是：010\n",
      "3的二进制是：011\n",
      "4的二进制是：100\n",
      "5的二进制是：101\n",
      "6的二进制是：110\n",
      "7的二进制是：111\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(8):\n",
    "    print(f'{i}的二进制是：{i:>03b}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "在编码维度上降低频率"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "origin_pos": 22,
    "tab": [
     "pytorch"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
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    "P = P[0, :, :].unsqueeze(0).unsqueeze(0)\n",
    "d2l.show_heatmaps(P, xlabel='Column (encoding dimension)',\n",
    "                  ylabel='Row (position)', figsize=(3.5, 4), cmap='Blues')"
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