GH-43197: [C++][AzureFS] Ignore password field in URI

[kou]

Rationale for this change

Other Azure Blob Storage based filesystem API implementations don't use password field in URI.

We don't use it too for compatibility.

What changes are included in this PR?

Ignore password field.

Are these changes tested?

Yes.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.

This PR includes breaking changes to public APIs.

• GitHub Issue: [C++] Don't allow the inclusion of passwords (storage account keys) in Auzre ABFS URLs #43197

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #43197 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[kou]

+1

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 4 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit b1d9f85.

There was 1 benchmark result indicating a performance regression:

• Commit Run on amd64-m5-4xlarge-linux at 2024-10-01 01:27:47Z
  • dataset-select (Python) with dataset=nyctaxi_multi_parquet_s3_repartitioned

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 4 possible false positives for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.