[Prism] Support BundleFinalization DoFn parameter

[damondouglas]

This PR closes #31912 by adding support for bundle finalization via the beam.BundleFinalization DoFn parameter.

With Prism running, to validate Java tests against Prism runner:

TEST=org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.SplittableDoFnTest
./gradlew :runners:portability:java:ulrLoopbackValidatesRunnerTests -PjobEndpoint=localhost:8073 --tests="$TEST"

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[damondouglas]

R: @lostluck

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[lostluck]

General comments since I know you have other plans for that remaining test right now.

[lostluck]

Minor changes and refactoring suggestions!

Please feel free to merge after you've made them, if you don't want another look.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 26.31579% with 14 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 57.32%. Comparing base (2a7755b) to head (2690975).
Report is 84 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...o/pkg/beam/runners/prism/internal/worker/bundle.go	0.00%	9 Missing ⚠️
sdks/go/pkg/beam/runners/prism/internal/stage.go	42.85%	3 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
sdks/go/pkg/beam/core/runtime/graphx/translate.go	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master   #32425      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     57.33%   57.32%   -0.01%     
  Complexity     1474     1474              
============================================
  Files           964      965       +1     
  Lines        153301   153467     +166     
  Branches       1076     1076              
============================================
+ Hits          87896    87981      +85     
- Misses        63201    63281      +80     
- Partials       2204     2205       +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
go	34.65% <26.31%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

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[damondouglas]

@lostluck The codecov/patch report shows stuff that didn't seem sensible to write tests for. Should I just go ahead and merge this you think?

[lostluck]

Agreed. Please go ahead