Make metric cardinality limit configurable (OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) exporter)

[frittentheke]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

The router allows to configure value extraction to add labels and cardinality to the exported metrics (https://www.apollographql.com/docs/graphos/reference/router/telemetry/metrics-exporters/otlp).

The used opentelemetry-sdk received a hard limit of 2000 for the label cardinality with [release 0.20.0](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-rust/blob/main/opentelemetry-sdk/CHANGELOG.md#v0200) and with PR open-telemetry/opentelemetry-rust#1066

Matrics / Streams with a cardinality exceeding 2000 will only be emitted via the overflow tagged metrics:
apollo_router_http_requests_total{job="router", otel_metric_overflow="true", otel_scope_name="apollo/router"} 1
which causes all of the cardinality to be lost / dropped. Also a warning is logged (#5287, OpenTelemetry metric error occurred: Metrics error: Warning: Maximum data points for metric stream exceeded/ Entry added to overflow

While this protection feature in very appreciated and according to [OTel spec](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/v1.39.0/specification/metrics/sdk.md#cardinality-limits) it's not configurable yet, so 2000 is a hard limit. But configurability of this value is planned:

• [Feature]: STREAM_CARDINALITY_LIMIT should be config open-telemetry/opentelemetry-rust#1951
• Implement cardinality limits for metrics streams open-telemetry/opentelemetry-rust#1065 (comment)

Describe the solution you'd like

Please track the upstream feature (open-telemetry/opentelemetry-rust#1951) and expose a configuration variable to allow increasing / adjusting the cardinality limit. Maybe this could be part of the umbrella issue #3226 ?

Describe alternatives you've considered

Moving away from adding an ever higher cardinality to the metrics and switching to using access logs with all the fields certainly makes sense a some point - provided one has capable log shipping and aggregation in place.

Additional context

• Issue v1.33.2 router.yaml OpenTelemetry metric error occurred: Metrics error: Warning: Maximum data points for metric stream exceeded. Entry added to overflow. #4187