forked from jgm/pandoc
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
MANUAL.txt
7408 lines (5637 loc) · 268 KB
/
MANUAL.txt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
---
title: Pandoc User's Guide
author: John MacFarlane
date: July 07, 2023
---
# Synopsis
`pandoc` [*options*] [*input-file*]...
# Description
Pandoc is a [Haskell] library for converting from one markup format to
another, and a command-line tool that uses this library.
Pandoc can convert between numerous markup and word processing formats,
including, but not limited to, various flavors of [Markdown], [HTML],
[LaTeX] and [Word docx]. For the full lists of input and output formats,
see the `--from` and `--to` [options below][General options].
Pandoc can also produce [PDF] output: see [creating a PDF], below.
Pandoc's enhanced version of Markdown includes syntax for [tables],
[definition lists], [metadata blocks], [footnotes], [citations], [math],
and much more. See below under [Pandoc's Markdown].
Pandoc has a modular design: it consists of a set of readers, which parse
text in a given format and produce a native representation of the document
(an _abstract syntax tree_ or AST), and a set of writers, which convert
this native representation into a target format. Thus, adding an input
or output format requires only adding a reader or writer. Users can also
run custom [pandoc filters] to modify the intermediate AST.
Because pandoc's intermediate representation of a document is less
expressive than many of the formats it converts between, one should
not expect perfect conversions between every format and every other.
Pandoc attempts to preserve the structural elements of a document, but
not formatting details such as margin size. And some document elements,
such as complex tables, may not fit into pandoc's simple document
model. While conversions from pandoc's Markdown to all formats aspire
to be perfect, conversions from formats more expressive than pandoc's
Markdown can be expected to be lossy.
## Using pandoc
If no *input-files* are specified, input is read from *stdin*.
Output goes to *stdout* by default. For output to a file,
use the `-o` option:
pandoc -o output.html input.txt
By default, pandoc produces a document fragment. To produce a standalone
document (e.g. a valid HTML file including `<head>` and `<body>`),
use the `-s` or `--standalone` flag:
pandoc -s -o output.html input.txt
For more information on how standalone documents are produced, see
[Templates] below.
If multiple input files are given, pandoc will concatenate them all (with
blank lines between them) before parsing. (Use `--file-scope` to parse files
individually.)
## Specifying formats
The format of the input and output can be specified explicitly using
command-line options. The input format can be specified using the
`-f/--from` option, the output format using the `-t/--to` option.
Thus, to convert `hello.txt` from Markdown to LaTeX, you could type:
pandoc -f markdown -t latex hello.txt
To convert `hello.html` from HTML to Markdown:
pandoc -f html -t markdown hello.html
Supported input and output formats are listed below under [Options]
(see `-f` for input formats and `-t` for output formats). You
can also use `pandoc --list-input-formats` and
`pandoc --list-output-formats` to print lists of supported
formats.
If the input or output format is not specified explicitly, pandoc
will attempt to guess it from the extensions of the filenames.
Thus, for example,
pandoc -o hello.tex hello.txt
will convert `hello.txt` from Markdown to LaTeX. If no output file
is specified (so that output goes to *stdout*), or if the output file's
extension is unknown, the output format will default to HTML.
If no input file is specified (so that input comes from *stdin*), or
if the input files' extensions are unknown, the input format will
be assumed to be Markdown.
## Character encoding
Pandoc uses the UTF-8 character encoding for both input and output.
If your local character encoding is not UTF-8, you
should pipe input and output through [`iconv`]:
iconv -t utf-8 input.txt | pandoc | iconv -f utf-8
Note that in some output formats (such as HTML, LaTeX, ConTeXt,
RTF, OPML, DocBook, and Texinfo), information about
the character encoding is included in the document header, which
will only be included if you use the `-s/--standalone` option.
[`iconv`]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
## Creating a PDF
To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension:
pandoc test.txt -o test.pdf
By default, pandoc will use LaTeX to create the PDF, which requires
that a LaTeX engine be installed (see `--pdf-engine` below).
Alternatively, pandoc can use ConTeXt, roff ms, or HTML as an
intermediate format. To do this, specify an output file with a
`.pdf` extension, as before, but add the `--pdf-engine` option
or `-t context`, `-t html`, or `-t ms` to the command line.
The tool used to generate the PDF from the intermediate format
may be specified using `--pdf-engine`.
You can control the PDF style using variables, depending on
the intermediate format used: see [variables for LaTeX],
[variables for ConTeXt], [variables for `wkhtmltopdf`],
[variables for ms]. When HTML is used as an intermediate
format, the output can be styled using `--css`.
To debug the PDF creation, it can be useful to look at the intermediate
representation: instead of `-o test.pdf`, use for example `-s -o test.tex`
to output the generated LaTeX. You can then test it with `pdflatex test.tex`.
When using LaTeX, the following packages need to be available
(they are included with all recent versions of [TeX Live]):
[`amsfonts`], [`amsmath`], [`lm`], [`unicode-math`],
[`iftex`], [`listings`] (if the
`--listings` option is used), [`fancyvrb`], [`longtable`],
[`booktabs`], [`graphicx`] (if the document
contains images), [`hyperref`], [`xcolor`],
[`soul`], [`geometry`] (with the `geometry` variable set),
[`setspace`] (with `linestretch`), and
[`babel`] (with `lang`). If `CJKmainfont` is set, [`xeCJK`]
is needed. The use of `xelatex` or `lualatex` as
the PDF engine requires [`fontspec`]. `lualatex` uses
[`selnolig`]. `xelatex` uses [`bidi`] (with the `dir` variable set).
If the `mathspec` variable is set, `xelatex` will use [`mathspec`]
instead of [`unicode-math`]. The [`upquote`] and [`microtype`]
packages are used if available, and [`csquotes`] will be used
for [typography] if the `csquotes` variable or metadata field is
set to a true value. The [`natbib`], [`biblatex`], [`bibtex`],
and [`biber`] packages can optionally be used for [citation
rendering]. The following packages will be used to improve
output quality if present, but pandoc does not require them to
be present: [`upquote`] (for straight quotes in verbatim
environments), [`microtype`] (for better spacing adjustments),
[`parskip`] (for better inter-paragraph spaces), [`xurl`] (for
better line breaks in URLs), [`bookmark`] (for better PDF
bookmarks), and [`footnotehyper`] or [`footnote`] (to allow
footnotes in tables).
[TeX Live]: https://www.tug.org/texlive/
[`amsfonts`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts
[`amsmath`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsmath
[`babel`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel
[`biber`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biber
[`biblatex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex
[`bibtex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bibtex
[`bidi`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bidi
[`bookmark`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bookmark
[`booktabs`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs
[`csquotes`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/csquotes
[`fancyvrb`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fancyvrb
[`fontspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fontspec
[`footnote`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/footnote
[`footnotehyper`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/footnotehyper
[`geometry`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/geometry
[`graphicx`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/graphicx
[`grffile`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/grffile
[`hyperref`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
[`iftex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/iftex
[`listings`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/listings
[`lm`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/lm
[`longtable`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/longtable
[`mathspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/mathspec
[`microtype`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/microtype
[`natbib`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/natbib
[`parskip`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/parskip
[`polyglossia`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/polyglossia
[`prince`]: https://www.princexml.com/
[`setspace`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/setspace
[`soul`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/soul
[`unicode-math`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/unicode-math
[`upquote`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/upquote
[`weasyprint`]: https://weasyprint.org
[`wkhtmltopdf`]: https://wkhtmltopdf.org
[`xcolor`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xcolor
[`xeCJK`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xecjk
[`xurl`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xurl
[`selnolig`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/selnolig
## Reading from the Web
Instead of an input file, an absolute URI may be given. In this case
pandoc will fetch the content using HTTP:
pandoc -f html -t markdown https://www.fsf.org
It is possible to supply a custom User-Agent string or other
header when requesting a document from a URL:
pandoc -f html -t markdown --request-header User-Agent:"Mozilla/5.0" \
https://www.fsf.org
# Options
## General options {.options}
`-f` *FORMAT*, `-r` *FORMAT*, `--from=`*FORMAT*, `--read=`*FORMAT*
: Specify input format. *FORMAT* can be:
::: {#input-formats}
- `bibtex` ([BibTeX] bibliography)
- `biblatex` ([BibLaTeX] bibliography)
- `commonmark` ([CommonMark] Markdown)
- `commonmark_x` ([CommonMark] Markdown with extensions)
- `creole` ([Creole 1.0])
- `csljson` ([CSL JSON] bibliography)
- `csv` ([CSV] table)
- `tsv` ([TSV] table)
- `docbook` ([DocBook])
- `docx` ([Word docx])
- `dokuwiki` ([DokuWiki markup])
- `endnotexml` ([EndNote XML bibliography])
- `epub` ([EPUB])
- `fb2` ([FictionBook2] e-book)
- `gfm` ([GitHub-Flavored Markdown]),
or the deprecated and less accurate `markdown_github`;
use [`markdown_github`](#markdown-variants) only
if you need extensions not supported in [`gfm`](#markdown-variants).
- `haddock` ([Haddock markup])
- `html` ([HTML])
- `ipynb` ([Jupyter notebook])
- `jats` ([JATS] XML)
- `jira` ([Jira]/Confluence wiki markup)
- `json` (JSON version of native AST)
- `latex` ([LaTeX])
- `markdown` ([Pandoc's Markdown])
- `markdown_mmd` ([MultiMarkdown])
- `markdown_phpextra` ([PHP Markdown Extra])
- `markdown_strict` (original unextended [Markdown])
- `mediawiki` ([MediaWiki markup])
- `man` ([roff man])
- `muse` ([Muse])
- `native` (native Haskell)
- `odt` ([ODT])
- `opml` ([OPML])
- `org` ([Emacs Org mode])
- `ris` ([RIS] bibliography)
- `rtf` ([Rich Text Format])
- `rst` ([reStructuredText])
- `t2t` ([txt2tags])
- `textile` ([Textile])
- `tikiwiki` ([TikiWiki markup])
- `twiki` ([TWiki markup])
- `typst` ([typst])
- `vimwiki` ([Vimwiki])
- the path of a custom Lua reader, see [Custom readers and writers] below
:::
Extensions can be individually enabled or disabled by
appending `+EXTENSION` or `-EXTENSION` to the format name.
See [Extensions] below, for a list of extensions and
their names. See `--list-input-formats` and `--list-extensions`,
below.
`-t` *FORMAT*, `-w` *FORMAT*, `--to=`*FORMAT*, `--write=`*FORMAT*
: Specify output format. *FORMAT* can be:
::: {#output-formats}
- `asciidoc` (modern [AsciiDoc] as interpreted by [AsciiDoctor])
- `asciidoc_legacy` ([AsciiDoc] as interpreted by [`asciidoc-py`]).
- `asciidoctor` (deprecated synonym for `asciidoc`)
- `beamer` ([LaTeX beamer][`beamer`] slide show)
- `bibtex` ([BibTeX] bibliography)
- `biblatex` ([BibLaTeX] bibliography)
- `chunkedhtml` (zip archive of multiple linked HTML files)
- `commonmark` ([CommonMark] Markdown)
- `commonmark_x` ([CommonMark] Markdown with extensions)
- `context` ([ConTeXt])
- `csljson` ([CSL JSON] bibliography)
- `docbook` or `docbook4` ([DocBook] 4)
- `docbook5` (DocBook 5)
- `docx` ([Word docx])
- `dokuwiki` ([DokuWiki markup])
- `epub` or `epub3` ([EPUB] v3 book)
- `epub2` (EPUB v2)
- `fb2` ([FictionBook2] e-book)
- `gfm` ([GitHub-Flavored Markdown]),
or the deprecated and less accurate `markdown_github`;
use [`markdown_github`](#markdown-variants) only
if you need extensions not supported in [`gfm`](#markdown-variants).
- `haddock` ([Haddock markup])
- `html` or `html5` ([HTML], i.e. [HTML5]/XHTML [polyglot markup])
- `html4` ([XHTML] 1.0 Transitional)
- `icml` ([InDesign ICML])
- `ipynb` ([Jupyter notebook])
- `jats_archiving` ([JATS] XML, Archiving and Interchange Tag Set)
- `jats_articleauthoring` ([JATS] XML, Article Authoring Tag Set)
- `jats_publishing` ([JATS] XML, Journal Publishing Tag Set)
- `jats` (alias for `jats_archiving`)
- `jira` ([Jira]/Confluence wiki markup)
- `json` (JSON version of native AST)
- `latex` ([LaTeX])
- `man` ([roff man])
- `markdown` ([Pandoc's Markdown])
- `markdown_mmd` ([MultiMarkdown])
- `markdown_phpextra` ([PHP Markdown Extra])
- `markdown_strict` (original unextended [Markdown])
- `markua` ([Markua])
- `mediawiki` ([MediaWiki markup])
- `ms` ([roff ms])
- `muse` ([Muse])
- `native` (native Haskell)
- `odt` ([OpenOffice text document][ODT])
- `opml` ([OPML])
- `opendocument` ([OpenDocument])
- `org` ([Emacs Org mode])
- `pdf` ([PDF])
- `plain` (plain text)
- `pptx` ([PowerPoint] slide show)
- `rst` ([reStructuredText])
- `rtf` ([Rich Text Format])
- `texinfo` ([GNU Texinfo])
- `textile` ([Textile])
- `slideous` ([Slideous] HTML and JavaScript slide show)
- `slidy` ([Slidy] HTML and JavaScript slide show)
- `dzslides` ([DZSlides] HTML5 + JavaScript slide show)
- `revealjs` ([reveal.js] HTML5 + JavaScript slide show)
- `s5` ([S5] HTML and JavaScript slide show)
- `tei` ([TEI Simple])
- `typst` ([typst])
- `xwiki` ([XWiki markup])
- `zimwiki` ([ZimWiki markup])
- the path of a custom Lua writer, see [Custom readers and writers] below
:::
Note that `odt`, `docx`, `epub`, and `pdf` output will not be directed
to *stdout* unless forced with `-o -`.
Extensions can be individually enabled or
disabled by appending `+EXTENSION` or `-EXTENSION` to the format
name. See [Extensions] below, for a list of extensions and their
names. See `--list-output-formats` and `--list-extensions`, below.
`-o` *FILE*, `--output=`*FILE*
: Write output to *FILE* instead of *stdout*. If *FILE* is
`-`, output will go to *stdout*, even if a non-textual format
(`docx`, `odt`, `epub2`, `epub3`) is specified. If the
output format is `chunkedhtml` and *FILE* has no extension,
then instead of producing a `.zip` file pandoc will create
a directory *FILE* and unpack the zip archive there
(unless *FILE* already exists, in which case an error
will be raised).
`--data-dir=`*DIRECTORY*
: Specify the user data directory to search for pandoc data files.
If this option is not specified, the default user data directory
will be used. On \*nix and macOS systems this will be the `pandoc`
subdirectory of the XDG data directory (by default,
`$HOME/.local/share`, overridable by setting the `XDG_DATA_HOME`
environment variable). If that directory does not exist and
`$HOME/.pandoc` exists, it will be used (for backwards compatibility).
On Windows the default user data directory is `%APPDATA%\pandoc`.
You can find the default user data directory on your system by
looking at the output of `pandoc --version`.
Data files placed in this directory (for example, `reference.odt`,
`reference.docx`, `epub.css`, `templates`) will override
pandoc's normal defaults. (Note that the user data directory
is not created by pandoc, so you will need to create it yourself
if you want to make use of it.)
`-d` *FILE*, `--defaults=`*FILE*
: Specify a set of default option settings. *FILE* is a YAML
file whose fields correspond to command-line option
settings. All options for document conversion, including input
and output files, can be set using a defaults file. The file will
be searched for first in the working directory, and then in
the `defaults` subdirectory of the user data directory
(see `--data-dir`). The `.yaml` extension may be omitted.
See the section [Defaults files] for more information on the
file format. Settings from the defaults file may be
overridden or extended by subsequent options on the command
line.
`--bash-completion`
: Generate a bash completion script. To enable bash completion
with pandoc, add this to your `.bashrc`:
eval "$(pandoc --bash-completion)"
`--verbose`
: Give verbose debugging output.
`--quiet`
: Suppress warning messages.
`--fail-if-warnings[=true|false]`
: Exit with error status if there are any warnings.
`--log=`*FILE*
: Write log messages in machine-readable JSON format to
*FILE*. All messages above DEBUG level will be written,
regardless of verbosity settings (`--verbose`, `--quiet`).
`--list-input-formats`
: List supported input formats, one per line.
`--list-output-formats`
: List supported output formats, one per line.
`--list-extensions`[`=`*FORMAT*]
: List supported extensions for *FORMAT*, one per line, preceded
by a `+` or `-` indicating whether it is enabled by default
in *FORMAT*. If *FORMAT* is not specified, defaults for
pandoc's Markdown are given.
`--list-highlight-languages`
: List supported languages for syntax highlighting, one per
line.
`--list-highlight-styles`
: List supported styles for syntax highlighting, one per line.
See `--highlight-style`.
`-v`, `--version`
: Print version.
`-h`, `--help`
: Show usage message.
[Markdown]: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
[CommonMark]: https://commonmark.org
[PHP Markdown Extra]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/
[GitHub-Flavored Markdown]: https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown/
[MultiMarkdown]: https://fletcherpenney.net/multimarkdown/
[reStructuredText]: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/introduction.html
[S5]: https://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/
[Slidy]: https://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy2/
[Slideous]: https://goessner.net/articles/slideous/
[HTML]: https://www.w3.org/html/
[HTML5]: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/
[polyglot markup]: https://www.w3.org/TR/html-polyglot/
[XHTML]: https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
[LaTeX]: https://www.latex-project.org/
[`beamer`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer
[Beamer User's Guide]: http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/beamer/doc/beameruserguide.pdf
[ConTeXt]: https://www.contextgarden.net/
[Rich Text Format]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Text_Format
[DocBook]: https://docbook.org
[JATS]: https://jats.nlm.nih.gov
[Jira]: https://jira.atlassian.com/secure/WikiRendererHelpAction.jspa?section=all
[txt2tags]: https://txt2tags.org
[EPUB]: http://idpf.org/epub
[OPML]: http://dev.opml.org/spec2.html
[OpenDocument]: http://opendocument.xml.org
[ODT]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
[Textile]: https://textile-lang.com
[MediaWiki markup]: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting
[DokuWiki markup]: https://www.dokuwiki.org/dokuwiki
[ZimWiki markup]: https://zim-wiki.org/manual/Help/Wiki_Syntax.html
[XWiki markup]: https://www.xwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Documentation/UserGuide/Features/XWikiSyntax/
[TWiki markup]: https://twiki.org/cgi-bin/view/TWiki/TextFormattingRules
[TikiWiki markup]: https://doc.tiki.org/Wiki-Syntax-Text#The_Markup_Language_Wiki-Syntax
[Haddock markup]: https://www.haskell.org/haddock/doc/html/ch03s08.html
[Creole 1.0]: http://www.wikicreole.org/wiki/Creole1.0
[CSV]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4180
[TSV]: https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/tab-separated-values
[roff man]: https://man.cx/groff_man(7)
[roff ms]: https://man.cx/groff_ms(7)
[Haskell]: https://www.haskell.org
[GNU Texinfo]: https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/
[RIS]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIS_(file_format)
[Emacs Org mode]: https://orgmode.org
[AsciiDoc]: https://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/
[AsciiDoctor]: https://asciidoctor.org/
[`asciidoc-py`]: https://github.com/asciidoc-py/asciidoc-py
[DZSlides]: https://paulrouget.com/dzslides/
[Word docx]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XML
[PDF]: https://www.adobe.com/pdf/
[reveal.js]: https://revealjs.com/
[FictionBook2]: http://www.fictionbook.org/index.php/Eng:XML_Schema_Fictionbook_2.1
[Jupyter notebook]: https://nbformat.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
[InDesign ICML]: https://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/indesign/sdk/cs6/idml/idml-cookbook.pdf
[TEI Simple]: https://github.com/TEIC/TEI-Simple
[Muse]: https://amusewiki.org/library/manual
[PowerPoint]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint
[Vimwiki]: https://vimwiki.github.io
[CSL JSON]: https://citeproc-js.readthedocs.io/en/latest/csl-json/markup.html
[BibTeX]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bibtex
[BibLaTeX]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex
[Markua]: https://leanpub.com/markua/read
[EndNote XML bibliography]: https://support.clarivate.com/Endnote/s/article/EndNote-XML-Document-Type-Definition
[typst]: https://typst.app
## Reader options {.options}
`--shift-heading-level-by=`*NUMBER*
: Shift heading levels by a positive or negative integer.
For example, with `--shift-heading-level-by=-1`, level 2
headings become level 1 headings, and level 3 headings
become level 2 headings. Headings cannot have a level
less than 1, so a heading that would be shifted below level 1
becomes a regular paragraph. Exception: with a shift of -N,
a level-N heading at the beginning of the document
replaces the metadata title. `--shift-heading-level-by=-1`
is a good choice when converting HTML or Markdown documents that
use an initial level-1 heading for the document title and
level-2+ headings for sections. `--shift-heading-level-by=1`
may be a good choice for converting Markdown documents that
use level-1 headings for sections to HTML, since pandoc uses
a level-1 heading to render the document title.
`--base-header-level=`*NUMBER*
: *Deprecated. Use `--shift-heading-level-by`=X instead,
where X = NUMBER - 1.* Specify the base level for headings
(defaults to 1).
`--indented-code-classes=`*CLASSES*
: Specify classes to use for indented code blocks--for example,
`perl,numberLines` or `haskell`. Multiple classes may be separated
by spaces or commas.
`--default-image-extension=`*EXTENSION*
: Specify a default extension to use when image paths/URLs have no
extension. This allows you to use the same source for formats that
require different kinds of images. Currently this option only affects
the Markdown and LaTeX readers.
`--file-scope[=true|false]`
: Parse each file individually before combining for multifile
documents. This will allow footnotes in different files with the
same identifiers to work as expected. If this option is set,
footnotes and links will not work across files. Reading binary
files (docx, odt, epub) implies `--file-scope`.
If two or more files are processed using `--file-scope`,
prefixes based on the filenames will be added to identifiers
in order to disambiguate them, and internal links will
be adjusted accordingly. For example, a header with
identifier `foo` in `subdir/file1.txt` will have its
identifier changed to `subdir__file1.txt__foo`.
In addition, a Div with an identifier based on the filename
will be added around the file's content, so that internal
links to the filename will point to this Div's identifier.
`-F` *PROGRAM*, `--filter=`*PROGRAM*
: Specify an executable to be used as a filter transforming the
pandoc AST after the input is parsed and before the output is
written. The executable should read JSON from stdin and write
JSON to stdout. The JSON must be formatted like pandoc's own
JSON input and output. The name of the output format will be
passed to the filter as the first argument. Hence,
pandoc --filter ./caps.py -t latex
is equivalent to
pandoc -t json | ./caps.py latex | pandoc -f json -t latex
The latter form may be useful for debugging filters.
Filters may be written in any language. `Text.Pandoc.JSON`
exports `toJSONFilter` to facilitate writing filters in Haskell.
Those who would prefer to write filters in python can use the
module [`pandocfilters`], installable from PyPI. There are also
pandoc filter libraries in [PHP], [perl], and
[JavaScript/node.js].
In order of preference, pandoc will look for filters in
1. a specified full or relative path (executable or
non-executable),
2. `$DATADIR/filters` (executable or non-executable)
where `$DATADIR` is the user data directory (see
`--data-dir`, above),
3. `$PATH` (executable only).
Filters, Lua-filters, and citeproc processing are applied in
the order specified on the command line.
`-L` *SCRIPT*, `--lua-filter=`*SCRIPT*
: Transform the document in a similar fashion as JSON filters (see
`--filter`), but use pandoc's built-in Lua filtering system. The given
Lua script is expected to return a list of Lua filters which will be
applied in order. Each Lua filter must contain element-transforming
functions indexed by the name of the AST element on which the filter
function should be applied.
The `pandoc` Lua module provides helper functions for element
creation. It is always loaded into the script's Lua environment.
See the [Lua filters documentation] for further details.
In order of preference, pandoc will look for Lua filters in
1. a specified full or relative path,
2. `$DATADIR/filters` where `$DATADIR` is the user data
directory (see `--data-dir`, above).
Filters, Lua filters, and citeproc processing are applied in
the order specified on the command line.
`-M` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--metadata=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
: Set the metadata field *KEY* to the value *VAL*. A value specified
on the command line overrides a value specified in the document
using [YAML metadata blocks][Extension: `yaml_metadata_block`].
Values will be parsed as YAML boolean or string values. If no value is
specified, the value will be treated as Boolean true. Like
`--variable`, `--metadata` causes template variables to be set.
But unlike `--variable`, `--metadata` affects the metadata of the
underlying document (which is accessible from filters and may be
printed in some output formats) and metadata values will be escaped
when inserted into the template.
`--metadata-file=`*FILE*
: Read metadata from the supplied YAML (or JSON) file. This
option can be used with every input format, but string scalars
in the metadata file will always be parsed as Markdown. (If the
input format is Markdown or a Markdown variant, then the
same variant will be used to parse the metadata file;
if it is a non-Markdown format, pandoc's default Markdown
extensions will be used.) This option can be used
repeatedly to include multiple metadata files; values in
files specified later on the command line will be preferred
over those specified in earlier files. Metadata values
specified inside the document, or by using `-M`, overwrite
values specified with this option. The file will be searched
for first in the working directory, and then in the `metadata`
subdirectory of the user data directory (see `--data-dir`).
`-p`, `--preserve-tabs[=true|false]`
: Preserve tabs instead of converting them to spaces. (By default, pandoc
converts tabs to spaces before parsing its input.) Note that this will
only affect tabs in literal code spans and code blocks. Tabs in regular
text are always treated as spaces.
`--tab-stop=`*NUMBER*
: Specify the number of spaces per tab (default is 4).
`--track-changes=accept`|`reject`|`all`
: Specifies what to do with insertions, deletions, and comments
produced by the MS Word "Track Changes" feature. `accept` (the
default) processes all the insertions and deletions.
`reject` ignores them. Both `accept` and `reject` ignore comments.
`all` includes all insertions, deletions, and comments, wrapped
in spans with `insertion`, `deletion`, `comment-start`, and
`comment-end` classes, respectively. The author and time of
change is included. `all` is useful for scripting: only
accepting changes from a certain reviewer, say, or before a
certain date. If a paragraph is inserted or deleted,
`track-changes=all` produces a span with the class
`paragraph-insertion`/`paragraph-deletion` before the
affected paragraph break. This option only affects the docx
reader.
`--extract-media=`*DIR*
: Extract images and other media contained in or linked from
the source document to the path *DIR*, creating it if
necessary, and adjust the images references in the document
so they point to the extracted files. Media are downloaded,
read from the file system, or extracted from a binary
container (e.g. docx), as needed. The original file paths
are used if they are relative paths not containing `..`.
Otherwise filenames are constructed from the SHA1 hash of
the contents.
`--abbreviations=`*FILE*
: Specifies a custom abbreviations file, with abbreviations
one to a line. If this option is not specified, pandoc will
read the data file `abbreviations` from the user data
directory or fall back on a system default. To see the
system default, use
`pandoc --print-default-data-file=abbreviations`. The only
use pandoc makes of this list is in the Markdown reader.
Strings found in this list will be followed by a nonbreaking
space, and the period will not produce sentence-ending space
in formats like LaTeX. The strings may not contain spaces.
`--trace[=true|false]`
: Print diagnostic output tracing parser progress to stderr.
This option is intended for use by developers in diagnosing
performance issues.
[`pandocfilters`]: https://github.com/jgm/pandocfilters
[PHP]: https://github.com/vinai/pandocfilters-php
[perl]: https://metacpan.org/pod/Pandoc::Filter
[JavaScript/node.js]: https://github.com/mvhenderson/pandoc-filter-node
[Lua filters documentation]: https://pandoc.org/lua-filters.html
## General writer options {.options}
`-s`, `--standalone`
: Produce output with an appropriate header and footer (e.g. a
standalone HTML, LaTeX, TEI, or RTF file, not a fragment). This option
is set automatically for `pdf`, `epub`, `epub3`, `fb2`, `docx`, and `odt`
output. For `native` output, this option causes metadata to
be included; otherwise, metadata is suppressed.
`--template=`*FILE*|*URL*
: Use the specified file as a custom template for the generated document.
Implies `--standalone`. See [Templates], below, for a description
of template syntax. If no extension is specified, an extension
corresponding to the writer will be added, so that `--template=special`
looks for `special.html` for HTML output. If the template is not
found, pandoc will search for it in the `templates` subdirectory of
the user data directory (see `--data-dir`). If this option is not used,
a default template appropriate for the output format will be used (see
`-D/--print-default-template`).
`-V` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--variable=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
: Set the template variable *KEY* to the value *VAL* when rendering the
document in standalone mode. If no *VAL* is specified, the
key will be given the value `true`.
`--sandbox[=true|false]`
: Run pandoc in a sandbox, limiting IO operations in readers
and writers to reading the files specified on the command line.
Note that this option does not limit IO operations by
filters or in the production of PDF documents. But it does
offer security against, for example, disclosure of files
through the use of `include` directives. Anyone using
pandoc on untrusted user input should use this option.
Note: some readers and writers (e.g., `docx`) need access to data
files. If these are stored on the file system, then pandoc
will not be able to find them when run in `--sandbox` mode
and will raise an error. For these applications, we
recommend using a pandoc binary compiled with the `embed_data_files`
option, which causes the data files to be baked into the binary
instead of being stored on the file system.
`-D` *FORMAT*, `--print-default-template=`*FORMAT*
: Print the system default template for an output *FORMAT*. (See `-t`
for a list of possible *FORMAT*s.) Templates in the user data
directory are ignored. This option may be used with
`-o`/`--output` to redirect output to a file, but
`-o`/`--output` must come before `--print-default-template`
on the command line.
Note that some of the default templates use partials, for
example `styles.html`. To print the partials, use
`--print-default-data-file`: for example,
`--print-default-data-file=templates/styles.html`.
`--print-default-data-file=`*FILE*
: Print a system default data file. Files in the user data directory
are ignored. This option may be used with `-o`/`--output` to
redirect output to a file, but `-o`/`--output` must come before
`--print-default-data-file` on the command line.
`--eol=crlf`|`lf`|`native`
: Manually specify line endings: `crlf` (Windows), `lf`
(macOS/Linux/UNIX), or `native` (line endings appropriate
to the OS on which pandoc is being run). The default is
`native`.
`--dpi`=*NUMBER*
: Specify the default dpi (dots per inch) value for conversion
from pixels to inch/centimeters and vice versa. (Technically,
the correct term would be ppi: pixels per inch.) The default
is 96dpi. When images contain information about dpi
internally, the encoded value is used instead of the default
specified by this option.
`--wrap=auto`|`none`|`preserve`
: Determine how text is wrapped in the output (the source
code, not the rendered version). With `auto` (the default),
pandoc will attempt to wrap lines to the column width specified by
`--columns` (default 72). With `none`, pandoc will not wrap
lines at all. With `preserve`, pandoc will attempt to
preserve the wrapping from the source document (that is,
where there are nonsemantic newlines in the source, there
will be nonsemantic newlines in the output as well).
In `ipynb` output, this option affects wrapping of the
contents of markdown cells.
`--columns=`*NUMBER*
: Specify length of lines in characters. This affects text wrapping
in the generated source code (see `--wrap`). It also affects
calculation of column widths for plain text tables (see [Tables] below).
`--toc[=true|false]`, `--table-of-contents[=true|false]`
: Include an automatically generated table of contents (or, in
the case of `latex`, `context`, `docx`, `odt`,
`opendocument`, `rst`, or `ms`, an instruction to create
one) in the output document. This option has no effect
unless `-s/--standalone` is used, and it has no effect
on `man`, `docbook4`, `docbook5`, or `jats` output.
Note that if you are producing a PDF via `ms`, the table
of contents will appear at the beginning of the
document, before the title. If you would prefer it to
be at the end of the document, use the option
`--pdf-engine-opt=--no-toc-relocation`.
`--toc-depth=`*NUMBER*
: Specify the number of section levels to include in the table
of contents. The default is 3 (which means that level-1, 2, and 3
headings will be listed in the contents).
`--strip-comments[=true|false]`
: Strip out HTML comments in the Markdown or Textile source,
rather than passing them on to Markdown, Textile or HTML
output as raw HTML. This does not apply to HTML comments
inside raw HTML blocks when the `markdown_in_html_blocks`
extension is not set.
`--no-highlight`
: Disables syntax highlighting for code blocks and inlines, even when
a language attribute is given.
`--highlight-style=`*STYLE*|*FILE*
: Specifies the coloring style to be used in highlighted source code.
Options are `pygments` (the default), `kate`, `monochrome`,
`breezeDark`, `espresso`, `zenburn`, `haddock`, and `tango`.
For more information on syntax highlighting in pandoc, see
[Syntax highlighting], below. See also
`--list-highlight-styles`.
Instead of a *STYLE* name, a JSON file with extension
`.theme` may be supplied. This will be parsed as a KDE
syntax highlighting theme and (if valid) used as the
highlighting style.
To generate the JSON version of an existing style,
use `--print-highlight-style`.
`--print-highlight-style=`*STYLE*|*FILE*
: Prints a JSON version of a highlighting style, which can
be modified, saved with a `.theme` extension, and used
with `--highlight-style`. This option may be used with
`-o`/`--output` to redirect output to a file, but
`-o`/`--output` must come before `--print-highlight-style`
on the command line.
`--syntax-definition=`*FILE*
: Instructs pandoc to load a KDE XML syntax definition file,
which will be used for syntax highlighting of appropriately
marked code blocks. This can be used to add support for
new languages or to use altered syntax definitions for
existing languages. This option may be repeated to add
multiple syntax definitions.
`-H` *FILE*, `--include-in-header=`*FILE*|*URL*
: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the header.
This can be used, for example, to include special
CSS or JavaScript in HTML documents. This option can be used
repeatedly to include multiple files in the header. They will be
included in the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
`-B` *FILE*, `--include-before-body=`*FILE*|*URL*
: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the beginning of the
document body (e.g. after the `<body>` tag in HTML, or the
`\begin{document}` command in LaTeX). This can be used to include
navigation bars or banners in HTML documents. This option can be
used repeatedly to include multiple files. They will be included in
the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
`-A` *FILE*, `--include-after-body=`*FILE*|*URL*
: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the document
body (before the `</body>` tag in HTML, or the
`\end{document}` command in LaTeX). This option can be used
repeatedly to include multiple files. They will be included in the
order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
`--resource-path=`*SEARCHPATH*
: List of paths to search for images and other resources.
The paths should be separated by `:` on Linux, UNIX, and
macOS systems, and by `;` on Windows. If `--resource-path`
is not specified, the default resource path is the working
directory. Note that, if `--resource-path` is specified,
the working directory must be explicitly listed or it
will not be searched. For example:
`--resource-path=.:test` will search the working directory
and the `test` subdirectory, in that order.
This option can be used repeatedly. Search path components
that come later on the command line will be searched before
those that come earlier, so
`--resource-path foo:bar --resource-path baz:bim` is
equivalent to `--resource-path baz:bim:foo:bar`.
`--request-header=`*NAME*`:`*VAL*
: Set the request header *NAME* to the value *VAL* when making
HTTP requests (for example, when a URL is given on the
command line, or when resources used in a document must be
downloaded). If you're behind a proxy, you also need to set
the environment variable `http_proxy` to `http://...`.
`--no-check-certificate[=true|false]`
: Disable the certificate verification to allow access to
unsecure HTTP resources (for example when the certificate
is no longer valid or self signed).
## Options affecting specific writers {.options}
`--self-contained[=true|false]`
: *Deprecated synonym for `--embed-resources --standalone`.*
`--embed-resources[=true|false]`
: Produce a standalone HTML file with no external dependencies, using
`data:` URIs to incorporate the contents of linked scripts, stylesheets,
images, and videos. The resulting file should be "self-contained," in the
sense that it needs no external files and no net access to be displayed
properly by a browser. This option works only with HTML output formats,
including `html4`, `html5`, `html+lhs`, `html5+lhs`, `s5`, `slidy`,
`slideous`, `dzslides`, and `revealjs`. Scripts, images, and stylesheets at
absolute URLs will be downloaded; those at relative URLs will be sought
relative to the working directory (if the first source
file is local) or relative to the base URL (if the first source
file is remote). Elements with the attribute
`data-external="1"` will be left alone; the documents they
link to will not be incorporated in the document.
Limitation: resources that are loaded dynamically through
JavaScript cannot be incorporated; as a result, fonts may
be missing when `--mathjax` is used, and some
advanced features (e.g. zoom or speaker notes) may not work
in an offline "self-contained" `reveal.js` slide show.
`--html-q-tags[=true|false]`
: Use `<q>` tags for quotes in HTML. (This option only has an
effect if the `smart` extension is enabled for the input
format used.)