Molten is a fork of Magma, a plugin for running code interactively with the jupyter kernel. Molten provides an excellent repl-like experience, and an incredible notebook-like experience in neovim.
Molten.Demo.mp4
- Send code to run asynchronously in the jupyter kernel
- See output below the code in real time, without flicker, as virtual text or in a floating window (or both)
- Renders images, plots, and LaTeX in neovim
- Take input from stdin with
vim.ui.input - Send code from multiple buffers to the same kernel
- Send code from the same buffer to multiple kernels
- Supports any language with a Jupyter Kernel (in theory, they haven't all been tested)
- Python virtual environment support
- Import and Export outputs to and from jupyter notebook files
- NeoVim 9.4+
- Python 3.10+
- image.nvim is only required for the
image.nvimimage provider - wezterm.nvim is only required for the
weztermimage provider - Required Python packages (can be installed in a venv. read more):
pynvim(for the Remote Plugin API)jupyter_client(for interacting with Jupyter)
- Optional Python packages:
cairosvg(for displaying SVG images with transparency)- If you don't need transparency, image.nvim can render svg images perfectly fine
pnglatex(for displaying TeX formulas)plotlyandkaleido(for displaying Plotly figures)pyperclipif you want to usemolten_copy_outputnbformatfor importing and exporting output to jupyter notebooks filespillowfor opening images with:MoltenImagePopuprequestsandwebsocket-clientfor connecting to the Jupyter Server API via HTTP and WebSocket with:MoltenInit <Jupyter server URL>
You can run :checkhealth to see what you have installed.
Note: Optional python packages are only imported when they're used.
- For the impatient: Probably Too Quick Start Guide
- For everyone else: Not So Quick Start Guide
- Windows users also read this
- NixOS users can checkout this
Configuration information is located further down in this README.
To setup molten for editing Jupyter Notebook files, see Notebook Setup.
Start by initializing a kernel. This kernel will get a kernel_id which is most commonly just the
name of the kernel. If you try to initialize two kernels with the same name, the second one will be
named kernel_name_n where n is the total number of kernels that are already initialized.
You execute code by sending it to a kernel, specified by its kernel_id (this is handled automatically if there is only one option).
When you execute some code, it will create a cell. You can recognize a cell because it will be highlighted when your cursor is in it.
A cell is delimited using two extmarks (see :h api-extended-marks), so each cell will adjust when
editing text within its boundaries.
When your cursor is in a cell (i.e., you have an active cell), a floating window may be shown
below the cell, reporting output. This is the floating output window. (To see more about whether
a window is shown or not, see :MoltenShowOutput and g:molten_auto_open_output). When you cursor
is not in any cell, no cell is active. When your cursor leaves a cell, its floating output window
will close.
Output may also be displayed as virtual text below a cell. Virtual text output will stay there until you re-run the cell or delete the cell.
Overlapping cells are not allowed. If you create an overlapping cell, the old cell will be deleted.
The output window has a header, containing the execution count and execution state (i.e., whether the cell is waiting to be run, running, has finished successfully or has finished with an error). Below the header, output is shown.
Jupyter provides a rich set of outputs. To see what we can currently handle, see Output Chunks.
These user commands are the main interface to the plugin. It is recommended to map most of them to keys, as explained in Keybindings.
Here is a list of the commands and their arguments. Args in [] are optional, args in "" are
literal.
When the kernel argument is specified as optional the command behaves in the following way:
- if the kernel is specified, send the code to that kernel
- else if there is only one active kernel for the current buffer, send the code to that kernel
- else if there is more than one active kernel for the current buffer, prompt the user for the kernel
Some commands will prompt for a kernel when they require one, but no
kernel is attached to the buffer. This is configurable with the molten_auto_init_behavior option.
| Command | Arguments | Description |
|---|---|---|
MoltenInfo |
none | Show information about the state of the plugin, initialization status, available kernels, and running kernels |
MoltenInit |
["shared"] [kernel] |
Initialize a kernel for the current buffer. If shared is passed as the first value, this buffer will use an already running kernel. If no kernel is given, prompts the user. |
MoltenDeinit |
none | De-initialize the current buffer's runtime and molten instance. (called automatically on vim close/buffer unload) |
MoltenGoto |
[n] |
Go to the nth code cell n defaults to 1 (1 indexed) |
MoltenNext |
[n] |
Go to the next code cell, or jump n code cells n defaults to 1. Values wrap. Negative values move backwards |
MoltenPrev |
[n] |
like Next but backwards |
MoltenEvaluateLine |
[kernel] |
Evaluate the current line |
MoltenEvaluateVisual |
[kernel] |
Evaluate the visual selection (cannot be called with a range!) |
MoltenEvaluateOperator |
[kernel] |
Evaluate text selected by the following operator. see Keybindings for useage |
MoltenEvaluateArgument |
[kernel] code |
Evaluate given code in the given kernel |
MoltenReevaluateCell |
none | Re-evaluate the active cell (including new code) with the same kernel that it was originally evaluated with |
MoltenDelete |
none | Delete the active cell (does nothing if there is no active cell) |
MoltenShowOutput |
none | Shows the output window for the active cell |
MoltenHideOutput |
none | Hide currently open output window |
MoltenEnterOutput |
none | Move into the active cell's output window. Opens but does not enter the output if it's not open. must be called with noautocmd (see Keybindings for example) |
MoltenInterrupt |
[kernel] |
Sends a keyboard interrupt to the kernel which stops any currently running code. (does nothing if there's no current output) |
MoltenOpenInBrowser |
none | Open the current output in the browser. Currently this only supports cells with 'text/html' outputs, configured with molten_auto_open_html_in_browser and molten_open_cmd |
MoltenImagePopup |
none | Open an image from the current output with python's Image.show(). This will use your system's default image viewer, this behavior can happen automatically (see: molten_auto_image_popup) |
MoltenRestart |
[!] [kernel] |
Shuts down a restarts the kernel. Deletes all outputs if used with a bang |
MoltenSave |
[path] [kernel] |
Save the current cells and evaluated outputs into a JSON file. When path is specified, save the file to path, otherwise save to g:molten_save_path. currently only saves one kernel per file |
MoltenLoad |
["shared"] [path] |
Loads cell locations and output from a JSON file generated by MoltenSave. path functions the same as MoltenSave. If shared is specified, the buffer shares an already running kernel. |
MoltenExportOutput |
[!] [path] [kernel] |
Export outputs from the current buffer and kernel to a jupyter notebook (.ipynb) at the given path. read more |
MoltenImportOutput |
[path] [kernel] |
Import outputs from a jupyter notebook (.ipynb). read more |
The commands above should be mapped to keys for the best experience.
Pay attention to MoltenEvaluateVisual and MoltenEnterOutput, as they need to be run in...odd
ways.
vim.keymap.set("n", "<localleader>mi", ":MoltenInit<CR>",
{ silent = true, desc = "Initialize the plugin" })
vim.keymap.set("n", "<localleader>e", ":MoltenEvaluateOperator<CR>",
{ silent = true, desc = "run operator selection" })
vim.keymap.set("n", "<localleader>rl", ":MoltenEvaluateLine<CR>",
{ silent = true, desc = "evaluate line" })
vim.keymap.set("n", "<localleader>rr", ":MoltenReevaluateCell<CR>",
{ silent = true, desc = "re-evaluate cell" })
vim.keymap.set("v", "<localleader>r", ":<C-u>MoltenEvaluateVisual<CR>gv",
{ silent = true, desc = "evaluate visual selection" })vim.keymap.set("n", "<localleader>rd", ":MoltenDelete<CR>",
{ silent = true, desc = "molten delete cell" })
vim.keymap.set("n", "<localleader>oh", ":MoltenHideOutput<CR>",
{ silent = true, desc = "hide output" })
vim.keymap.set("n", "<localleader>os", ":noautocmd MoltenEnterOutput<CR>",
{ silent = true, desc = "show/enter output" })Configuration is done with variables. Below you'll find a table of all the potential configuration variable, their values, and a brief description.
the default value is wrapped in ()
| Variable | Values | Description |
|---|---|---|
g:molten_auto_image_popup |
true | (false) |
When true, cells that produce an image output will open the image output automatically with python's Image.show() |
g:molten_auto_init_behavior |
"raise" | ("init") |
When set to "raise" commands which would otherwise ask for a kernel when they're run without a running kernel will instead raise an exception. Useful for other plugins that want to use pcall and do their own error handling |
g:molten_auto_open_html_in_browser |
true | (false) |
Automatically open HTML outputs in a browser. related: molten_open_cmd |
g:molten_auto_open_output |
(true) | false |
Automatically open the floating output window when your cursor moves into a cell |
g:molten_cover_empty_lines |
true | (false) |
The output window and virtual text will be shown just below the last line of code in the cell. |
g:molten_cover_lines_starting_with |
({}) | array of str |
When cover_empty_lines is true, also covers lines starting with these strings |
g:molten_copy_output |
true | (false) |
Copy evaluation output to clipboard automatically (requires pyperclip) |
g:molten_enter_output_behavior |
("open_then_enter") | "open_and_enter" | "no_open" |
The behavior of MoltenEnterOutput |
g:molten_image_location |
("both") | "float" | "virt" | |
Where images will be displayed, either the floating window only, virtual text output only, or both. "virt" requires molten_virt_text_output = true |
g:molten_image_provider |
("none") | "image.nvim" | "wezterm" | |
How images are displayed see Images for more details |
g:molten_open_cmd |
(nil) | Any command |
Defaults to xdg-open on Linux, open on Darwin, and start on Windows. But you can override it to whatever you want. The command is called like: subprocess.run([open_cmd, filepath]) |
g:molten_output_crop_border |
(true) | false |
'crops' the bottom border of the output window when it would otherwise just sit at the bottom of the screen |
g:molten_output_show_exec_time |
(true) | false |
Shows the current amount of time since the cell has begun execution |
g:molten_output_show_more |
true | (false) |
When the window can't display the entire contents of the output buffer, shows the number of extra lines in the window footer (requires nvim 10.0+ and a window border) |
g:molten_output_virt_lines |
true | (false) |
Pad the main buffer with virtual lines so the floating window doesn't cover anything while it's open |
g:molten_output_win_border |
({ "", "━", "", "" }) | any value for border in :h nvim_open_win() |
Some border features will not work if you don't specify your border as a table. see border option of :h nvim_open_win() |
g:molten_output_win_cover_gutter |
(true) | false |
Should the output window cover the gutter (numbers and sign col), or not. If you change this, you probably also want to change molten_output_win_style |
g:molten_output_win_hide_on_leave |
(true) | false |
After leaving the output window (via :q or switching windows), do not attempt to redraw the output window |
g:molten_output_win_max_height |
(999999) | int |
Max height of the output window |
g:molten_output_win_max_width |
(999999) | int |
Max width of the output window |
g:molten_output_win_style |
(false) | "minimal" |
Value passed to the style option in :h nvim_open_win() |
g:molten_save_path |
(stdpath("data").."/molten") | any path to a folder |
Where to save/load data with :MoltenSave and :MoltenLoad |
g:molten_split_direction |
("right") | "left" | "top" | "bottom" | |
Direction of the terminal split created by wezterm. Only applies if g:molten_image_provider = "wezterm" |
g:molten_split_size |
(40) | int |
(0-100) % size of the screen dedicated to the output window. Only applies if g:molten_image_provider = "wezterm" |
g:molten_tick_rate |
(500) | int |
How often (in ms) we poll the kernel for updates. Determines how quickly the ui will update, if you want a snappier experience, you can set this to 150 or 200 |
g:molten_use_border_highlights |
true | (false) |
When true, uses different highlights for output border depending on the state of the cell (running, done, error). see highlights |
g:molten_limit_output_chars |
(1000000) | int |
Limit on the number of chars in an output. If you're lagging your editor with too much output text, decrease it |
g:molten_virt_lines_off_by_1 |
true | (false) |
Allows the output window to cover exactly one line of the regular buffer when output_virt_lines is true, also effects where virt_text_output is displayed. (useful for running code in a markdown file where that covered line will just be ```) |
g:molten_virt_text_output |
true | (false) |
When true, show output as virtual text below the cell, virtual text stays after leaving the cell. When true, output window doesn't open automatically on run. Effected by virt_lines_off_by_1 |
g:molten_virt_text_max_lines |
(12) | int |
Max height of the virtual text |
g:molten_wrap_output |
true | (false) |
Wrap output text |
[DEBUG] g:molten_show_mimetype_debug |
true | (false) |
Before any non-iostream output chunk, the mime-type for that output chunk is shown. Meant for debugging/plugin devlopment |
Molten has two image providers, image.nvim or wezterm:
-
image.nvimrequires the image.nvim plugin (and its dependencies). It renders images in neovim inline with other cell output. This creates a better experience, but it can be buggy with large numbers of images, and it does not work on Windows. -
weztermrequires the wezterm.nvim plugin (and the wezterm terminal emulator). It renders images in a wezterm split pane using wezterm'simgcatprogram. This method is significantly less buggy with large numbers of images and works on Windows, but it doesn't keep images next to the code they came from.- Cannot be used with
g:molten_auto_open_output = true - Configurable with the
g:molten_split_directionandg:molten_split_sizeoptions. - Currently, the
weztermimage provider does not integrate with tmux. There are issues with allowing images to passing through tmux to wezterm. If you are using tmux, you will need to use theimage.nvimimage provider.
- Cannot be used with
Molten provides a few functions that you can use to see information in your status line. These are listed below:
require('molten.status').initialized() -- "Molten" or "" based on initialization information
require('molten.status').kernels() -- "kernel1 kernel2" list of kernels attached to buffer or ""
require('molten.status').all_kernels() -- same as kernels, but will show all kernelsThe way these are used will vary based on status line plugin. So please refer to your status line plugin to figure out how to use them.
You can change highlights like so:
-- see :h nvim_set_hl for what to put in place of ...
-- I would recommend using the `link` option to link the values to colors from your color scheme
vim.api.nvim_set_hl(0, "MoltenOutputBorder", { ... })Here is a complete list of the highlight groups that Molten uses, and their default values
MoltenOutputBorder=FloatBorder: default output window borderMoltenOutputBorderFail=MoltenOutputBorder: border of a failed output windowMoltenOutputBorderSuccess=MoltenOutputBorder: border of a successfully run output windowMoltenOutputWin=NormalFloat: the innards of the output windowMoltenOutputWinNC=MoltenOutputWin: a "Non-Current" output windowMoltenOutputFooter=FloatFooter: the "x more lines" textMoltenCell=CursorLine: applied to code that makes up a cellMoltenVirtualText=Comment: output that is rendered as virtual text
We provide some User autocommands (see :help User) for further customization. They are:
MoltenInitPre: runs right beforeMoltenInitinitialization happens for a bufferMoltenInitPost: runs right afterMoltenInitinitialization happens for a bufferMoltenDeinitPre: runs right beforeMoltenDeinitde-initialization happens for a bufferMoltenDeinitPost: runs right afterMoltenDeinitde-initialization happens for a bufferMoltenKernelReady: runs when a kernel is ready for the first time.datafield has thekernel_id
Lua Usage
Here is an example of attaching molten specific mappings to the buffer after initialization:
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("User", {
pattern = "MoltenInitPost",
callback = function()
vim.keymap.set("v", "<localleader>r", ":<C-u>MoltenEvaluateVisual<CR>gv",
{ desc = "execute visual selection", buffer = true, silent = true })
-- ... more mappings
end,
})Similarly, you could remove these mappings on MoltenDeinitPost
For MoltenKernelReady you can get the kernel id like this:
-- ...
callback = function(e)
print("Kernel id: " .. e.data.kernel_id)
end
-- ...Molten exposes some functionality through vim functions. These are mostly for plugin authors and people who want some custom behavior.
MoltenEvaluateRange
MoltenEvaluateRange(start_line, end_line, [start_col, end_col]) - evaluates the code between the
given line numbers and column numbers.
- ranges are inclusive and the indexing 1 based
- columns are optional, when omitted the entire line is captured
- passing
-1forend_colwill use the last col on the line - passing
0for all other positions will use the last line/col - The values are used to create extmarks, and the
strictoption is set to false. See:h nvim_buf_set_extmark()and thenoptions > strict. This means passing10when there are only5lines in the buffer does result in an error.
-- run lines 1 through 23 (inclusive):
vim.fn.MoltenEvaluateRange(1, 23)
-- run code starting with col 4 on line 1, and ending with the last col on line 3
vim.fn.MoltenEvaluateRange(1, 3, 4, -1)Additionally, this function can take a kernel_id as the first argument. When a string is given as
the first argument, it's assumed to be a kernel_id.
-- run lines 1 through 23 (inclusive) with the python3 kernel
vim.fn.MoltenEvaluateRange("python3", 1, 23)
-- run code starting with col 4 on line 1, and ending with col 20 on line 3 with the R kernel
vim.fn.MoltenEvaluateRange("ir", 1, 3, 4, 20)When there are multiple kernels attached to the buffer, and this function is called without
a kernel_id, the user will be prompted for a kernel with vim.ui.select
MoltenUpdateOption
Because Molten is a remote plugin, options are loaded and cached at initialization. This avoids making an unnecessary number of RPC calls if we were to fetch configuration values every time we needed to use them. This comes with the trade-off of not being able to update config values on the fly... can you see where this is going.
This function lets you update a configuration value after initialization, and the new value will take effect immediately.
You can specify option names with or without the "molten" prefix.
-- these are the same!
vim.fn.MoltenUpdateOption("auto_open_output", true)
vim.fn.MoltenUpdateOption("molten_auto_open_output", true)MoltenRunningKernels
Return a list of the currently running kernels' IDs. Takes one argument, when true, returns only kernels running in the current buffer. Otherwise, returns all running kernel_ids.
vim.fn.MoltenRunningKernels(true) -- list buf local kernel ids
vim.fn.MoltenRunningKernels(false) -- list all kernel idsMoltenAvailableKernels
Returns a list of kernel names that molten is aware of.
vim.fn.MoltenAvailableKernels()MoltenDefineCell
Takes in a start line, and end line, and a kernel and creates a code cell in the current buffer associated with that kernel. Does not run the code or create/open an output window.
for compatibility reasons, if there is only one active kernel, you do not need to pass the kernel argument
-- Creates a cell from line 5 to line 10 associated with the python3 kernel
vim.fn.MoltenDefineCell(5, 10, 'python3')In the Jupyter protocol, most output-related messages provide a dictionary of mime-types which can
be used to display the data. Theoretically, a text/plain field (i.e., plain text) is always
present, so we (theoretically) always have that fallback.
Here is a list of the currently handled mime-types:
text/plain: Plain text. Shown as text in the output window's buffer.image/*: Molten attempts to render anyimagemimetype by sending it toimage.nvim. In theory, this means that Molten can handle any image format thatimage.nvimsupports, though I've only tested common formats- Images are also viewable outside of the terminal with
:MoltenImagePopup
- Images are also viewable outside of the terminal with
application/vnd.plotly.v1+json: A Plotly figure. Rendered into a PNG with Plotly + Kaleidotext/latex: A LaTeX formula. Rendered into a PNG with pnglatextext/html: via the:MoltenOpenInBrowsercommand.
This already provides quite a bit of basic functionality, but if you find a use case for a mime-type that isn't currently supported, feel free to open an issue and/or PR!
- @dccsillag and everyone who has contributed to magma-nvim
- @3rd and everyone who has contributed to image.nvim