How do they work?
https://projects.propublica.org/graphics/images/data-institute/presentations/how-websites-work.pdf
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/How_does_the_Internet_work
- Internet - a network of networks
- "World Wide Web" - a service built on top of the internet's infrastructure (other services include e-mail and IRC chat, neither of which use HTTP)
- HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
- HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
There are lots of programs that can resolve a domain name for you, one of those is dig (domain information groper).
dig google.com +short
Let's set up a custom domain!
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In the GitHub repo, create a file called CNAME with the name of the domain
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Set up the apex domain name to point to GitHub's servers in Namecheap:
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Check that the domain is correct using
dig
Data travels sent over the internet is chopped up and sent in packets. Here is what an IP packet looks like. It has a header which contains the metadata and a payload which contains the data. Different protocols handle packets differently. For example, some protocols like those you might use to stream video will tolerate packet loss, other protocols like TCP/IP which is used to transmit websites don't).
Routers route those packets to their correct destinations based on the metadata the packet carries.
Here is a strange videos:
You can use traceroute to see how your request is routed to its destination.
traceroute google.com
Source: Wikimedia Commons
If you're really interested:
- https://www.lifewire.com/open-systems-interconnection-model-816290
- https://www.lifewire.com/layers-of-the-osi-model-illustrated-818017
And if you're not:
