Metadata in block.json

Starting in WordPress 5.8 release, we recommend using the block.json metadata file as the canonical way to register block types with both PHP (server-side) and JavaScript (client-side). Here is an example block.json file that would define the metadata for a plugin create a notice block.

Example:

{
	"$schema": "https://schemas.wp.org/trunk/block.json",
	"apiVersion": 3,
	"name": "my-plugin/notice",
	"title": "Notice",
	"category": "text",
	"parent": [ "core/group" ],
	"icon": "star",
	"description": "Shows warning, error or success notices...",
	"keywords": [ "alert", "message" ],
	"version": "1.0.3",
	"textdomain": "my-plugin",
	"attributes": {
		"message": {
			"type": "string",
			"source": "html",
			"selector": ".message"
		}
	},
	"providesContext": {
		"my-plugin/message": "message"
	},
	"usesContext": [ "groupId" ],
	"selectors": {
		"root": ".wp-block-my-plugin-notice"
	},
	"supports": {
		"align": true
	},
	"styles": [
		{ "name": "default", "label": "Default", "isDefault": true },
		{ "name": "other", "label": "Other" }
	],
	"example": {
		"attributes": {
			"message": "This is a notice!"
		}
	},
	"variations": [
		{
			"name": "example",
			"title": "Example",
			"attributes": {
				"message": "This is an example!"
			}
		}
	],
	"editorScript": "file:./index.js",
	"script": "file:./script.js",
	"viewScript": [ "file:./view.js", "example-shared-view-script" ],
	"editorStyle": "file:./index.css",
	"style": [ "file:./style.css", "example-shared-style" ],
	"render": "file:./render.php"
}

Benefits using the metadata file

The block definition allows code sharing between JavaScript, PHP, and other languages when processing block types stored as JSON, and registering blocks with the block.json metadata file provides multiple benefits on top of it.

From a performance perspective, when themes support lazy loading assets, blocks registered with block.json will have their asset enqueuing optimized out of the box. The frontend CSS and JavaScript assets listed in the style or script properties will only be enqueued when the block is present on the page, resulting in reduced page sizes.

Furthermore, because the Block Type REST API Endpoint can only list blocks registered on the server, registering blocks server-side is recommended; using the block.json file simplifies this registration.

The WordPress Plugins Directory can detect block.json files, highlight blocks included in plugins, and extract their metadata. If you wish to submit your block(s) to the Block Directory, all blocks contained in your plugin must have a block.json file for the Block Directory to recognize them.

Development is improved by using a defined schema definition file. Supported editors can provide help like tooltips, autocomplete, and schema validation. To use the schema, add the following to the top of the block.json.

"$schema": "https://schemas.wp.org/trunk/block.json"

Block registration

PHP (server-side)

The register_block_type function that aims to simplify the block type registration on the server, can read metadata stored in the block.json file.

This function takes two params relevant in this context ($block_type accepts more types and variants):

$block_type (string) – path to the folder where the block.json file is located or full path to the metadata file if named differently.
$args (array) – an optional array of block type arguments. Default value: []. Any arguments may be defined. However, the one described below is supported by default:
- $render_callback (callable) – callback used to render blocks of this block type, it's an alternative to the render field in block.json.

It returns the registered block type (WP_Block_Type) on success or false on failure.

Example:

register_block_type(
	__DIR__ . '/notice',
	array(
		'render_callback' => 'render_block_core_notice',
	)
);

JavaScript (client-side)

When the block is registered on the server, you only need to register the client-side settings on the client using the same block’s name.

Example:

registerBlockType( 'my-plugin/notice', {
	edit: Edit,
	// ...other client-side settings
} );

Although registering the block also on the server with PHP is still recommended for the reasons above, if you want to register it only client-side you can now use registerBlockType method from @wordpress/blocks package to register a block type using the metadata loaded from block.json file.

The function takes two params:

$blockNameOrMetadata (string|Object) – block type name (supported previously) or the metadata object loaded from the block.json file with a bundler (e.g., webpack) or a custom Babel plugin.
$settings (Object) – client-side block settings.

It returns the registered block type (WPBlock) on success or undefined on failure.

Example:

import { registerBlockType } from '@wordpress/blocks';
import Edit from './edit';
import metadata from './block.json';

registerBlockType( metadata, {
	edit: Edit,
	// ...other client-side settings
} );

Block API

This section describes all the properties that can be added to the block.json file to define the behavior and metadata of block types.

API Version

Type: number
Optional
Localized: No
Property: apiVersion
Default: 1

{ "apiVersion": 3 }

The version of the Block API used by the block. The most recent version is 3 and it was introduced in WordPress 6.3.

See the the API versions documentation for more details.

Name

Type: string
Required
Localized: No
Property: name

{ "name": "core/heading" }

The name for a block is a unique string that identifies a block. Names have to be structured as namespace/block-name, where namespace is the name of your plugin or theme.

Note: A block name can only contain lowercase alphanumeric characters, dashes, and at most one forward slash to designate the plugin-unique namespace prefix. It must begin with a letter.

Note: This name is used on the comment delimiters as . Block types in the core namespace do not include a namespace when serialized.

Title

Type: string
Required
Localized: Yes
Property: title

{ "title": "Heading" }

This is the display title for your block, which can be translated with our translation functions. The title will display in the Inserter and in other areas of the editor.

Note: To keep your block titles readable and accessible in the UI, try to avoid very long titles.

Parent

Type: string[]
Optional
Localized: No
Property: parent

{ "parent": [ "my-block/product" ] }

Setting parent lets a block require that it is only available when nested within the specified blocks. For example, you might want to allow an 'Add to Cart' block to only be available within a 'Product' block.

Ancestor

Type: string[]
Optional
Localized: No
Property: ancestor
Since: WordPress 6.0.0

{ "ancestor": [ "my-block/product" ] }

The ancestor property makes a block available inside the specified block types at any position of the ancestor block subtree. That allows, for example, to place a ‘Comment Content’ block inside a ‘Column’ block, as long as ‘Column’ is somewhere within a ‘Comment Template’ block. In comparison to the parent property blocks that specify their ancestor can be placed anywhere in the subtree whilst blocks with a specified parent need to be direct children.

Icon

Type: string
Optional
Localized: No
Property: icon

{ "icon": "smile" }

An icon property should be specified to make it easier to identify a block. These can be any of WordPress' Dashicons (slug serving also as a fallback in non-js contexts).

Note: It's also possible to override this property on the client-side with the source of the SVG element. In addition, this property can be defined with JavaScript as an object containing background and foreground colors. This colors will appear with the icon when they are applicable e.g.: in the inserter. Custom SVG icons are automatically wrapped in the wp.primitives.SVG component to add accessibility attributes (aria-hidden, role, and focusable).

Description

Type: string
Optional
Localized: Yes
Property: description

{
	"description": "Introduce new sections and organize content to help visitors"
}

This is a short description for your block, which can be translated with our translation functions. This will be shown in the block inspector.

Keywords

Type: string[]
Optional
Localized: Yes
Property: keywords
Default: []

{ "keywords": [ "keyword1", "keyword2" ] }

Sometimes a block could have aliases that help users discover it while searching. For example, an image block could also want to be discovered by photo. You can do so by providing an array of unlimited terms (which are translated).

Version

Type: string
Optional
Localized: No
Property: version
Since: WordPress 5.8.0

{ "version": "1.0.3" }

The current version number of the block, such as 1.0 or 1.0.3. It's similar to how plugins are versioned. This field might be used with block assets to control cache invalidation, and when the block author omits it, then the installed version of WordPress is used instead.

Text Domain

Type: string
Optional
Localized: No
Property: textdomain
Since: WordPress 5.7.0

{ "textdomain": "my-plugin" }

The gettext text domain of the plugin/block. More information can be found in the Text Domain section of the How to Internationalize your Plugin page.

Attributes

Type: object
Optional
Localized: No
Property: attributes
Default: {}

{
	"attributes": {
		"cover": {
			"type": "string",
			"source": "attribute",
			"selector": "img",
			"attribute": "src"
		},
		"author": {
			"type": "string",
			"source": "html",
			"selector": ".book-author"
		}
	}
}

Attributes provide the structured data needs of a block. They can exist in different forms when they are serialized, but they are declared together under a common interface.

See the the attributes documentation for more details.

Provides Context

Type: object
Optional
Localized: No
Property: providesContext
Default: {}

Context provided for available access by descendants of blocks of this type, in the form of an object which maps a context name to one of the block's own attribute.

See the block context documentation for more details.

{
	"providesContext": {
		"my-plugin/recordId": "recordId"
	}
}

Context

Type: string[]
Optional
Localized: No
Property: usesContext
Default: []

Array of the names of context values to inherit from an ancestor provider.

See the block context documentation for more details.

{
	"usesContext": [ "message" ]
}

Selectors

Type: object
Optional
Localized: No
Property: selectors
Default: {}
Since: WordPress 6.3.0

Any custom CSS selectors, keyed by root, feature, or sub-feature, to be used when generating block styles for theme.json (global styles) stylesheets. Providing custom selectors allows more fine grained control over which styles apply to what block elements, e.g. applying typography styles only to an inner heading while colors are still applied on the outer block wrapper etc.

See the the selectors documentation for more details.

{
	"selectors": {
		"root": ".my-custom-block-selector",
		"color": {
			"text": ".my-custom-block-selector p"
		},
		"typography": {
			"root": ".my-custom-block-selector > h2",
			"text-decoration": ".my-custom-block-selector > h2 span"
		}
	}
}

Supports

Type: object
Optional
Localized: No
Property: supports
Default: {}

It contains as set of options to control features used in the editor. See the the supports documentation for more details.

Block Styles

Type: array
Optional
Localized: Yes (label only)
Property: styles
Default: []

{
	"styles": [
		{ "name": "default", "label": "Default", "isDefault": true },
		{ "name": "other", "label": "Other" }
	]
}

Block styles can be used to provide alternative styles to block. It works by adding a class name to the block's wrapper. Using CSS, a theme developer can target the class name for the block style if it is selected.

Plugins and Themes can also register custom block style for existing blocks.

Example

Type: object
Optional
Localized: No
Property: example

{
	"example": {
		"attributes": {
			"message": "This is a notice!"
		}
	}
}

It provides structured example data for the block. This data is used to construct a preview for the block to be shown in the Inspector Help Panel when the user mouses over the block.

See the Example documentation for more details.

Variations

Type: object[]
Optional
Localized: Yes (title, description, and keywords of each variation only)
Property: variations
Since: WordPress 5.9.0

{
	"variations": [
		{
			"name": "example",
			"title": "Example",
			"attributes": {
				"level": 2,
				"message": "This is an example!"
			},
			"scope": [ "block" ],
			"isActive": [ "level" ]
		}
	]
}

Block Variations is the API that allows a block to have similar versions of it, but all these versions share some common functionality. Each block variation is differentiated from the others by setting some initial attributes or inner blocks. Then at the time when a block is inserted these attributes and/or inner blocks are applied.

Note: In JavaScript you can provide a function for the isActive property, and a React element for the icon. In the block.json file both only support strings

See the the variations documentation for more details.

Block Hooks

Type: object
Optional
Property: blockHooks
Since: WordPress 6.4.0

{
	"blockHooks": {
		"my-plugin/banner": "after"
	}
}

Block Hooks is an API that allows a block to automatically insert itself next to all instances of a given block type, in a relative position also specified by the "hooked" block. That is, a block can opt to be inserted before or after a given block type, or as its first or last child (i.e. to be prepended or appended to the list of its child blocks, respectively). Hooked blocks will appear both on the frontend and in the editor (to allow for customization by the user).

The key is the name of the block (string) to hook into, and the value is the position to hook into (string). Take a look at the Block Hooks documentation for more info about available configurations.

Editor Script

Type: WPDefinedAsset|WPDefinedAsset[] (learn more)
Optional
Localized: No
Property: editorScript

{ "editorScript": "file:./index.js" }

Block type editor scripts definition. They will only be enqueued in the context of the editor.

It's possible to pass a script handle registered with the wp_register_script function, a path to a JavaScript file relative to the block.json file, or a list with a mix of both (learn more).

Note: An option to pass also an array of editor scripts exists since WordPress 6.1.0.

Script

Type: WPDefinedAsset|WPDefinedAsset[] (learn more)
Optional
Localized: No
Property: script

{ "script": "file:./script.js" }

Block type frontend and editor scripts definition. They will be enqueued both in the editor and when viewing the content on the front of the site.

It's possible to pass a script handle registered with the wp_register_script function, a path to a JavaScript file relative to the block.json file, or a list with a mix of both (learn more).

Note: An option to pass also an array of scripts exists since WordPress 6.1.0.

View Script

Type: WPDefinedAsset|WPDefinedAsset[] (learn more)
Optional
Localized: No
Property: viewScript
Since: WordPress 5.9.0

{ "viewScript": [ "file:./view.js", "example-shared-view-script" ] }

Block type frontend scripts definition. They will be enqueued only when viewing the content on the front of the site.

It's possible to pass a script handle registered with the wp_register_script function, a path to a JavaScript file relative to the block.json file, or a list with a mix of both (learn more).

Note: An option to pass also an array of view scripts exists since WordPress 6.1.0.

Editor Style

Type: WPDefinedAsset|WPDefinedAsset[] (learn more)
Optional
Localized: No
Property: editorStyle

{ "editorStyle": "file:./index.css" }

Block type editor styles definition. They will only be enqueued in the context of the editor.

It's possible to pass a style handle registered with the wp_register_style function, a path to a CSS file relative to the block.json file, or a list with a mix of both (learn more).

Note: An option to pass also an array of editor styles exists since WordPress 5.9.0.

Style

Type: WPDefinedAsset|WPDefinedAsset[] (learn more)
Optional
Localized: No
Property: style

{ "style": [ "file:./style.css", "example-shared-style" ] }

Block type frontend and editor styles definition. They will be enqueued both in the editor and when viewing the content on the front of the site.

It's possible to pass a style handle registered with the wp_register_style function, a path to a CSS file relative to the block.json file, or a list with a mix of both (learn more).

Note: An option to pass also an array of styles exists since WordPress 5.9.0.

Render

Type: WPDefinedPath (learn more)
Optional
Localized: No
Property: render
Since: WordPress 6.1.0

{ "render": "file:./render.php" }

PHP file to use when rendering the block type on the server to show on the front end. The following variables are exposed to the file:

$attributes (array): The block attributes.
$content (string): The block default content.
$block (WP_Block): The block instance.

An example implementation of the render.php file defined with render could look like:

<div <?php echo get_block_wrapper_attributes(); ?>>
	<?php echo esc_html( $attributes['label'] ); ?>
</div>

Note: This file loads for every instance of the block type when rendering the page HTML on the server. Accounting for that is essential when declaring functions or classes in the file. The simplest way to avoid the risk of errors is to consume that shared logic from another file.

Assets

`WPDefinedPath`

The WPDefinedPath type is a subtype of string, where the value represents a path to a JavaScript, CSS or PHP file relative to where block.json file is located. The path provided must be prefixed with file:. This approach is based on how npm handles local paths for packages.

Example:

In block.json:

{
	"render": "file:./render.php"
}

`WPDefinedAsset`

It extends WPDefinedPath for JavaScript and CSS files. An alternative to the file path would be a script or style handle name referencing an already registered asset using WordPress helpers.

Example:

In block.json:

{
	"editorScript": "file:./index.js",
	"script": "file:./script.js",
	"viewScript": [ "file:./view.js", "example-shared-view-script" ],
	"editorStyle": "file:./index.css",
	"style": [ "file:./style.css", "example-shared-style" ]
}

In the context of WordPress, when a block is registered with PHP, it will automatically register all scripts and styles that are found in the block.json file and use file paths rather than asset handles.

That's why, the WPDefinedAsset type has to offer a way to mirror also the shape of params necessary to register scripts and styles using wp_register_script and wp_register_style, and then assign these as handles associated with your block using the script, style, editor_script, and editor_style block type registration settings.

It's possible to provide an object which takes the following shape:

handle (string) - the name of the script. If omitted, it will be auto-generated.
dependencies (string[]) - an array of registered script handles this script depends on. Default value: [].
version (string|false|null) - string specifying the script version number, if it has one, which is added to the URL as a query string for cache busting purposes. If the version is set to false, a version number is automatically added equal to current installed WordPress version. If set to null, no version is added. Default value: false.

The definition is stored inside separate PHP file which ends with .asset.php and is located next to the JS/CSS file listed in block.json. WordPress will automatically detect this file through pattern matching. This option is the preferred one as it is expected it will become an option to auto-generate those asset files with @wordpress/scripts package.

Example:

build/
├─ block.json
├─ index.js
└─ index.asset.php

In block.json:

{ "editorScript": "file:./index.js" }

In build/index.asset.php:

<?php
return array(
	'dependencies' => array(
		'react',
		'wp-blocks',
		'wp-i18n',
	),
	'version'      => '3be55b05081a63d8f9d0ecb466c42cfd',
);

Frontend Enqueueing

Starting in the WordPress 5.8 release, it is possible to instruct WordPress to enqueue scripts and styles for a block type only when rendered on the frontend. It applies to the following asset fields in the block.json file:

script
viewScript
style

Internationalization

WordPress string discovery system can automatically translate fields marked in this document as translatable. First, you need to set the textdomain property in the block.json file that provides block metadata.

Example:

{
	"title": "My block",
	"description": "My block is fantastic",
	"keywords": [ "fantastic" ],
	"textdomain": "my-plugin"
}

PHP

In PHP, localized properties will be automatically wrapped in _x function calls on the backend of WordPress when executing register_block_type. These translations get added as an inline script to the plugin's script handle or to the wp-block-library script handle in WordPress core.

The way register_block_type processes translatable values is roughly equivalent to the following code snippet:

<?php
$metadata = array(
	'title'       => _x( 'My block', 'block title', 'my-plugin' ),
	'description' => _x( 'My block is fantastic!', 'block description', 'my-plugin' ),
	'keywords'    => array( _x( 'fantastic', 'block keyword', 'my-plugin' ) ),
);

Implementation follows the existing get_plugin_data function which parses the plugin contents to retrieve the plugin’s metadata, and it applies translations dynamically.

JavaScript

In JavaScript, you can use registerBlockType method from @wordpress/blocks package and pass the metadata object loaded from block.json as the first param. All localized properties get automatically wrapped in _x (from @wordpress/i18n package) function calls similar to how it works in PHP.

Example:

import { registerBlockType } from '@wordpress/blocks';
import Edit from './edit';
import metadata from './block.json';

registerBlockType( metadata, {
	edit: Edit,
	// ...other client-side settings
} );

Backward Compatibility

The existing registration mechanism (both server side and frontend) will continue to work, it will serve as low-level implementation detail for the block.json based registration.

Once all details are ready, Core Blocks will be migrated iteratively and third-party blocks will see warnings appearing in the console to encourage them to refactor the block registration API used.

The following properties are going to be supported for backward compatibility reasons on the client-side only. Some of them might be replaced with alternative APIs in the future:

edit - see the Edit and Save documentation for more details.
save - see the Edit and Save documentation for more details.
transforms - see the Transforms documentation for more details.
deprecated - see the Deprecated Blocks documentation for more details.
merge - undocumented as of today. Its role is to handle merging multiple blocks into one.
getEditWrapperProps - undocumented as well. Its role is to inject additional props to the block edit's component wrapper.

Example:

import { registerBlockType } from '@wordpress/blocks';

registerBlockType( 'my-plugin/block-name', {
	edit: function () {
		// Edit definition goes here.
	},
	save: function () {
		// Save definition goes here.
	},
	getEditWrapperProps: function () {
		// Implementation goes here.
	},
} );

In the case of dynamic blocks supported by WordPress, it should be still possible to register render_callback property using both register_block_type function on the server.

Files

block-metadata.md

Latest commit

History

block-metadata.md

File metadata and controls

Metadata in block.json

Benefits using the metadata file

Block registration

PHP (server-side)

JavaScript (client-side)

Block API

API Version

Name

Title

Category

Parent

Ancestor

Icon

Description

Keywords

Version

Text Domain

Attributes

Provides Context

Context

Selectors

Supports

Block Styles

Example

Variations

Block Hooks

Editor Script

Script

View Script

Editor Style

Style

Render

Assets

WPDefinedPath

WPDefinedAsset

Frontend Enqueueing

Internationalization

PHP

JavaScript

Backward Compatibility

`WPDefinedPath`

`WPDefinedAsset`