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Sparse and Imperceivable Adversarial Attacks

Francesco Croce, Matthias Hein
University of Tübingen

Accepted to ICCV 2019

Metrics and attacks

We consider three threat models:

  • L0: aims at changing the smallest number of pixels, with no constraints on the size of the modification of each pixel
    (except for the usual [0,1] box constraints), to get adversarial examples,
  • L0+Linf: aims at changing the smallest number of pixels with perturbations of bounded Linf-norm,
  • L0+sigma: aims at changing the smallest number of pixels with imperceivable perturbations.

We propose two adversarial attacks, each one able to handle the three scenarios mentioned above:

  • CornerSearch: a black-box attack, which minimize the L0-norm of the perturbations,
  • PGD: an extention of usual Projected Gradient Descent white-box attack to the L0-norm. It requires to fix the sparsity level of the
    adversarial perturbations (the number of pixels changed).

Our attacks wrt L0 achieve state-of-the-art results, outperforming both black- and white-box attacks.

With the constraints given by the sigma-map we introduce, we can craft sparse and imperceivable adversarial perturbations.

Running the attacks

We provide an implementation of CornerSearch and PGD for all types of attacks, i.e. L0, L0+Linf and L0+sigma, with versions for TensorFlow and PyTorch models.

The threat model with relative parameters can be set for CornerSearch here and here, while for PGD here and here.

We include pretrained Tensorflow and PyTorch models (see models) to run the attacks with the following examples. With

python run_attack.py --dataset=[cifar10 | mnist] --attack=[CS | PGD] --n_examples=100 --data_dir=/path/to/data

one can run CornerSearch (CS) or PGD on a model implemented in TensorFlow, trained on either CIFAR-10 or MNIST, while with

python run_attack_pt.py --attack=[CS | PGD] --n_examples=100 --data_dir=/path/to/data

a model implemented in PyTorch and trained on CIFAR-10 is used. Additionally, adding --path_results=/path/to/results sets where the results are saved.

Note: all the parameters of the attacks can be set in run_attacks.py and run_attacks_pt.py. A more detailed description of each of them is available in cornersearch_attack.py and pgd_attacks.py. Please note they might need to be tuned to achieve the best performance on new models, depending on the dataset, threat model and characteristics of the classifier.

Citations

@inproceedings{croce2019sparse,
  title={Sparse and Imperceivable Adversarial Attacks},
  author={Croce, Francesco and Hein, Matthias},
  booktitle={ICCV},
  year={2019}
}