This Go code demonstrates the use of a combination of channels and goroutines to synchronize the sending and receiving of messages. Let's go through it with inline comments:
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
// Creating a buffered channel 'jobs' with a capacity of 5
jobs := make(chan int, 5)
// Creating an unbuffered channel 'done' for signaling when all jobs are received
done := make(chan bool)
// Launching a goroutine to receive jobs from the 'jobs' channel
go func() {
for {
// Attempting to receive a job from 'jobs'
j, more := <-jobs
if more {
fmt.Println("received job", j)
} else {
// If 'more' is false, it means the 'jobs' channel is closed
fmt.Println("received all jobs")
// Signaling that all jobs are received by sending true to 'done'
done <- true
return
}
}
}()
// Sending three jobs to the 'jobs' channel
for j := 1; j <= 3; j++ {
jobs <- j
fmt.Println("sent job", j)
}
// Closing the 'jobs' channel to indicate that no more jobs will be sent
close(jobs)
fmt.Println("sent all jobs")
// Waiting for the 'done' channel to receive a signal indicating all jobs are received
<-done
// Attempting to receive from the closed 'jobs' channel
_, ok := <-jobs
fmt.Println("received more jobs:", ok)
}
sent job 1
received job 1
sent job 2
received job 2
sent job 3
received job 3
sent all jobs
received all jobs
received more jobs: false
Explanation:
-
package main
: Indicates that this Go file belongs to the main executable package. -
import "fmt"
: Imports the "fmt" package for formatting and printing. -
func main() { ... }
: The main function, where the execution of the program begins. -
jobs := make(chan int, 5)
: Creates a buffered channel named 'jobs' with a capacity of 5. -
done := make(chan bool)
: Creates an unbuffered channel named 'done' for signaling when all jobs are received. -
A goroutine is launched to receive jobs from the 'jobs' channel. It loops indefinitely, attempting to receive jobs until the 'jobs' channel is closed.
-
Inside the goroutine,
more
is a boolean value that indicates whether there are more values to receive from the 'jobs' channel. -
The main goroutine sends three jobs to the 'jobs' channel and prints a message for each sent job.
-
close(jobs)
: Closes the 'jobs' channel to indicate that no more jobs will be sent. -
<-done
: Waits for the 'done' channel to receive a signal (true) indicating that all jobs are received. -
_, ok := <-jobs
: Attempts to receive from the closed 'jobs' channel. Since the channel is closed,ok
will be false, and it prints "received more jobs: false."
In summary, this code demonstrates how to use channels and goroutines to coordinate the sending and receiving of messages, and how to signal the completion of tasks using channels. The close
operation on the 'jobs' channel is used to signal that no more jobs will be sent.