solved - 04 - Groupby operations.ipynb

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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Groupby operations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Some imports:"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    import seaborn\n",
    "except ImportError:\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "\n",
    "pd.options.display.max_rows = 10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
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   "source": [
    "## Some 'theory': the groupby operation (split-apply-combine)\n",
    "\n",
    "The \"group by\" concept: we want to **apply the same function on subsets of your dataframe, based on some key to split the dataframe in subsets**\n",
    "\n",
    "This operation is also referred to as the \"split-apply-combine\" operation, involving the following steps:\n",
    "\n",
    "* **Splitting** the data into groups based on some criteria\n",
    "* **Applying** a function to each group independently\n",
    "* **Combining** the results into a data structure\n",
    "\n",
    "<img src=\"img/splitApplyCombine.png\">\n",
    "\n",
    "Similar to SQL `GROUP BY`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "The example of the image in pandas syntax:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "<div>\n",
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>data</th>\n",
       "      <th>key</th>\n",
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       "  </thead>\n",
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       "      <td>C</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>C</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
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      "text/plain": [
       "   data key\n",
       "0     0   A\n",
       "1     5   B\n",
       "2    10   C\n",
       "3     5   A\n",
       "4    10   B\n",
       "5    15   C\n",
       "6    10   A\n",
       "7    15   B\n",
       "8    20   C"
      ]
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     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   "source": [
    "df = pd.DataFrame({'key':['A','B','C','A','B','C','A','B','C'],\n",
    "                   'data': [0, 5, 10, 5, 10, 15, 10, 15, 20]})\n",
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Using the filtering and reductions operations we have seen in the previous notebooks, we could do something like:\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "    df[df['key'] == \"A\"].sum()\n",
    "    df[df['key'] == \"B\"].sum()\n",
    "    ...\n",
    "\n",
    "But pandas provides the `groupby` method to do this:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
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    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
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     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>data</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>key</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     data\n",
       "key      \n",
       "A      15\n",
       "B      30\n",
       "C      45"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.groupby('key').aggregate(np.sum)  # 'sum'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>data</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>key</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>A</th>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>B</th>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>C</th>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "     data\n",
       "key      \n",
       "A      15\n",
       "B      30\n",
       "C      45"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "df.groupby('key').sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "And many more methods are available. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## And now applying this on some real data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We go back to the titanic survival data:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.read_csv(\"data/titanic.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>PassengerId</th>\n",
       "      <th>Survived</th>\n",
       "      <th>Pclass</th>\n",
       "      <th>Name</th>\n",
       "      <th>Sex</th>\n",
       "      <th>Age</th>\n",
       "      <th>SibSp</th>\n",
       "      <th>Parch</th>\n",
       "      <th>Ticket</th>\n",
       "      <th>Fare</th>\n",
       "      <th>Cabin</th>\n",
       "      <th>Embarked</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Braund, Mr. Owen Harris</td>\n",
       "      <td>male</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>A/5 21171</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.2500</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...</td>\n",
       "      <td>female</td>\n",
       "      <td>38.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>PC 17599</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.2833</td>\n",
       "      <td>C85</td>\n",
       "      <td>C</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Heikkinen, Miss. Laina</td>\n",
       "      <td>female</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>STON/O2. 3101282</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.9250</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)</td>\n",
       "      <td>female</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>113803</td>\n",
       "      <td>53.1000</td>\n",
       "      <td>C123</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Allen, Mr. William Henry</td>\n",
       "      <td>male</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>373450</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0500</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>S</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   PassengerId  Survived  Pclass  \\\n",
       "0            1         0       3   \n",
       "1            2         1       1   \n",
       "2            3         1       3   \n",
       "3            4         1       1   \n",
       "4            5         0       3   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                Name     Sex   Age  SibSp  \\\n",
       "0                            Braund, Mr. Owen Harris    male  22.0      1   \n",
       "1  Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...  female  38.0      1   \n",
       "2                             Heikkinen, Miss. Laina  female  26.0      0   \n",
       "3       Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)  female  35.0      1   \n",
       "4                           Allen, Mr. William Henry    male  35.0      0   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Parch            Ticket     Fare Cabin Embarked  \n",
       "0      0         A/5 21171   7.2500   NaN        S  \n",
       "1      0          PC 17599  71.2833   C85        C  \n",
       "2      0  STON/O2. 3101282   7.9250   NaN        S  \n",
       "3      0            113803  53.1000  C123        S  \n",
       "4      0            373450   8.0500   NaN        S  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<div class=\"alert alert-success\">\n",
    "    <b>EXERCISE</b>: Using groupby(), calculate the average age for each sex.\n",
    "</div>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "clear_cell": true,
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Sex\n",
       "female    27.915709\n",
       "male      30.726645\n",
       "Name: Age, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.groupby('Sex')['Age'].mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<div class=\"alert alert-success\">\n",
    "    <b>EXERCISE</b>: Calculate the average survival ratio for all passengers.\n",
    "</div>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "clear_cell": true,
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.38383838383838381"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['Survived'].sum() / len(df['Survived'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<div class=\"alert alert-success\">\n",
    "    <b>EXERCISE</b>: Calculate this survival ratio for all passengers younger that 25 (remember: filtering/boolean indexing).\n",
    "</div>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "clear_cell": true,
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.41196013289036543"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df25 = df[df['Age'] <= 25]\n",
    "df25['Survived'].sum() / len(df25['Survived'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<div class=\"alert alert-success\">\n",
    "    <b>EXERCISE</b>: Is there a difference in this survival ratio between the sexes? (tip: write the above calculation of the survival ratio as a function)\n",
    "</div>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "clear_cell": true,
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def survival_ratio(survived):\n",
    "    return survived.sum() / len(survived)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "clear_cell": true,
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Sex\n",
       "female    0.742038\n",
       "male      0.188908\n",
       "Name: Survived, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.groupby('Sex')['Survived'].aggregate(survival_ratio)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<div class=\"alert alert-success\">\n",
    "    <b>EXERCISE</b>: Make a bar plot of the survival ratio for the different classes ('Pclass' column).\n",
    "</div>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "clear_cell": true,
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x7fa3df924518>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fa4103b5898>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.groupby('Pclass')['Survived'].aggregate(survival_ratio).plot(kind='bar')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If you are ready, more groupby exercises can be found in the \"Advanded groupby operations\" notebook."
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "celltoolbar": "Nbtutor - export exercises",
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.5.2"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 0
}