- 一、帮助命令
- 二、镜像命令
- 三、容器命令
- 3.1 docker run: 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
- 3.2 docker ps: 列出当前所有 正在运行 的容器
- 3.3 退出容器
- 3.4 docker start: 启动容器
- 3.5 docker restart: 重启容器
- 3.6 docker stop: 停止容器
- 3.7 docker kill: 强制停止容器
- 3.8 docker rm: 删除已经停止的容器
- 3.9 docker run -d: 启动守护式容器(重要)
- 3.10 docker logs -ft --tail: 查看容器日志
- 3.11 docker top: 查看容器内运行的进程
- 3.12 docker inspect: 查看容器内部细节
- 3.13 docker exec -it 容器ID bashShell: 进入正在运行的容器并以命令交互
- 3.14 docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 主机路径: 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
- 四、常用命令小结:
官方网址: https://www.docker.com/
docker version
docker info
docker --help[root@docker1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB参数说明:
-a: 列出本地所有的镜像(含中间映像层)-q: 只显示镜像ID--digests: 显示镜像的摘要信息--no-trunc: 显示完整的镜像信息
[root@docker1 ~]# docker search -s 11 java
Flag --stars has been deprecated, use --filter=stars=3 instead
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
node Node.js is a JavaScript-based platform for s… 9043 [OK]
tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati… 2783 [OK]
openjdk OpenJDK is an open-source implementation of … 2345 [OK]
java Java is a concurrent, class-based, and objec… 1976 [OK]
ghost Ghost is a free and open source blogging pla… 1221 [OK]
couchdb CouchDB is a database that uses JSON for doc… 357 [OK]
jetty Jetty provides a Web server and javax.servle… 340 [OK]
groovy Apache Groovy is a multi-faceted language fo… 97 [OK]
lwieske/java-8 Oracle Java 8 Container - Full + Slim - Base… 46 [OK]
nimmis/java-centos This is docker images of CentOS 7 with diffe… 42 [OK]
fabric8/java-jboss-openjdk8-jdk Fabric8 Java Base Image (JBoss, OpenJDK 8) 28 [OK]
cloudbees/java-build-tools Docker image with commonly used tools to bui… 15 [OK]
frekele/java docker run --rm --name java frekele/java 12 [OK]
fabric8/java-centos-openjdk8-jdk Fabric8 Java Base Image (CentOS, OpenJDK 8, … 11 [OK] 参数说明:
--no-trunc: 显示完整的镜像描述-s: 列出收藏数不小于指定值的镜像--automated: 只列出 automated build 类型的镜像
[root@docker1 ~]# docker pull java
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/java
5040bd298390: Pull complete
fce5728aad85: Pull complete
76610ec20bf5: Pull complete
60170fec2151: Pull complete
e98f73de8f0d: Pull complete
11f7af24ed9c: Pull complete
49e2d6393f32: Pull complete
bb9cdec9c7f3: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c1ff613e8ba25833d2e1940da0940c3824f03f802c449f3d1815a66b7f8c0e9d
Status: Downloaded newer image for java:latest
docker.io/library/java:latest
[root@docker1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
java latest d23bdf5b1b1b 3 years ago 643MB参数说明:
-a: 拉取所有 tagged 镜像--disable-content-trust: 忽略镜像的校验, 默认开启
[root@docker1 ~]# docker rmi -f java
Untagged: java:latest
Untagged: java@sha256:c1ff613e8ba25833d2e1940da0940c3824f03f802c449f3d1815a66b7f8c0e9d
Deleted: sha256:d23bdf5b1b1b1afce5f1d0fd33e7ed8afbc084b594b9ccf742a5b27080d8a4a8
Deleted: sha256:0132aeca1bc9ac49d397635d34675915693a8727b103639ddee3cc5438e0f60a
Deleted: sha256:c011315277e16e6c88687a6c683e388e2879f9a195113129a2ca12f782d9fcf9
Deleted: sha256:3181aa7c07970b525de9d3bd15c4c3710a2ab49fd5927df41e5586d9b89b1480
Deleted: sha256:b0053647bc72f97b7a9709a505a20a7a74a556c6aa025979e36532ff3df7cb8d
Deleted: sha256:0877f4904e80b44741cc07706b19c6d415724b20128f4b26ee59faec9a859416
Deleted: sha256:dbf7b16cf5d32dfec3058391a92361a09745421deb2491545964f8ba99b37fc2
Deleted: sha256:4cbc0ad7007fe8c2dfcf2cdc82fdb04f35070f0e2a04d5fa35093977a3cc1693
Deleted: sha256:a2ae92ffcd29f7ededa0320f4a4fd709a723beae9a4e681696874932db7aee2c
[root@docker1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB参数说明:
-f: 强制删除；--no-prune: 不移除该镜像的过程镜像，默认移除；
有镜像才能创建容器, 这是根本前提(下载一个 CentOS 镜像演示)
docker pull centos[root@docker1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 831691599b88 4 weeks ago 215MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
[root@docker1 ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@384bed8bf17b /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 12:10 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 14 1 0 12:10 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef参数说明:
-name="容器的名字": 为容器指定一个名称-d: 后台运行容器, 并返回容器 ID, 也即启动守护式容器-i: 以交互模式运行容器, 通常与 -t 同时使用-t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端, 通常与 -i 同时使用-P: 随机端口映射-p: 指定端口映射, 有一下四种格式:- ip:hostPort:containerPort
- ip::containerPort
- hostPort:containerPort
- containerPort
[root@docker1 ~]#
[root@docker1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
384bed8bf17b centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (127) 5 seconds ago eager_benz
400c034be63c hello-world "/hello" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago gallant_lewin
5acd44331813 hello-world "/hello" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago peaceful_hertz参数说明:
-a: 列出当前所有 正在运行 的容器 + 历史上运行过的-l: 显示最近创建的容器-n: 显示最近 n 个创建的容器-q: 静默模式, 只显示容器编号--no-trunc: 不截断输出
exit: 容器停止退出
ctrl+P+Q: 容器不停止退出
docker start 容器ID/容器名docker restart 容器ID/容器名docker stop 容器ID/容器名 docker kill 容器ID/容器名 [root@docker1 ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
或者
[root@docker1 ~]# docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm -f
a328c2dc5c63
2616044943ea
384bed8bf17b
400c034be63c
5acd44331813
[root@docker1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 831691599b88 4 weeks ago 215MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
[root@docker1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES[root@docker1 ~]# docker run -d centos
5a2464425cee999e9d13bf422795671b6744890f78bf15222eba482881c82dbc
[root@docker1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5a2464425cee centos "/bin/bash" 7 seconds ago Exited (0) 6 seconds ago happy_banzai
0b11cb8852f3 hello-world "/hello" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago competent_mclean
a2473fac6f11 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (137) 2 minutes ago funny_engelbart
a0eb794e9f32 centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago practical_hawking问题: docker run -d centos, 然后 docker ps -a 进行查看, 会发现容器已经退出
很重要的要说明的一点: Docker 容器后台运行, 就必须有一个前台进程.
容器运行的命令如果不是那些一直挂起的命令（比如运行top，tail），就是会自动退出的。
这个是docker的机制问题,比如你的web容器,我们以nginx为例，正常情况下,我们配置启动服务只需要启动响应的service即可。例如
service nginx start
但是,这样做,nginx为后台进程模式运行,就导致docker前台没有运行的应用,
这样的容器后台启动后,会立即自杀因为他觉得他没事可做了.
所以，最佳的解决方案是,将你要运行的程序以前台进程的形式运行
[root@docker1 ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello zzyy;sleep 2;done"
510b350fe6cefee4a742ec97d13e56f0ef3e2b61adda28efeda9b969ccdd70c9
[root@docker1 ~]# docker logs -ft --tail 10 centos 510b350fe6cefee4a742ec97d13e56f0ef3e2b61adda28efeda9b969ccdd70c9
2020-07-21T12:40:41.728688218Z hello zzyy
2020-07-21T12:40:43.730552652Z hello zzyy
2020-07-21T12:40:45.733246851Z hello zzyy
2020-07-21T12:40:47.735943461Z hello zzyy
2020-07-21T12:40:49.738306477Z hello zzyy
2020-07-21T12:40:51.740957180Z hello zzyy
2020-07-21T12:40:53.743355795Z hello zzyy
2020-07-21T12:40:55.745541727Z hello zzyy参数说明:
-t: 加入时间戳-f: 跟随最新的日志打印--tail 数字: 显示最后多少条
[root@docker1 ~]# docker top 510b350fe6cefee4a742ec97d13e56f0ef3e2b61adda28efeda9b969ccdd70c9
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 72708 72688 0 20:40 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo hello zzyy;sleep 2;done
root 72878 72708 0 20:43 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 2[root@docker1 ~]# docker inspect 510b350fe6cefee4a742ec97d13e56f0ef3e2b61adda28efeda9b969ccdd70c9
[
{
"Id": "510b350fe6cefee4a742ec97d13e56f0ef3e2b61adda28efeda9b969ccdd70c9",
"Created": "2020-07-21T12:40:41.427179888Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo hello zzyy;sleep 2;done"
........查看数据卷情况
docker inspect -f "{{.Mounts}}" 91d15091c262[root@docker1 ~]# docker exec -it 510b350fe6ce /bin/bash
[root@510b350fe6ce /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr vardocker attach 容器ID /bin/bash
两者区别:
exec: 是在容器中打开新的终端, 并且可以启动新的进程
attach: 直接进入容器启动命令的终端, 不会启动新的进程
[root@docker1 tmp]# docker cp 510b350fe6ce:/opt/docker-test.txt /tmp/test.txt