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MaxMind GeoIP2 Python API

Description

This package provides an API for the GeoIP2 and GeoLite2 web services and databases.

Installation

To install the geoip2 module, type:

$ pip install geoip2

If you are not able to use pip, you may also use easy_install from the source directory:

$ easy_install .

Database Reader Extension

If you wish to use the C extension for the database reader, you must first install the libmaxminddb C API. Please see the instructions distributed with it.

IP Geolocation Usage

IP geolocation is inherently imprecise. Locations are often near the center of the population. Any location provided by a GeoIP2 database or web service should not be used to identify a particular address or household.

Web Service Usage

To use this API, you first construct either a geoip2.webservice.Client or geoip2.webservice.AsyncClient, passing your MaxMind account_id and license_key to the constructor. To use the GeoLite2 web service instead of the GeoIP2 web service, set the optional host keyword argument to geolite.info. To use the Sandbox GeoIP2 web service instead of the production GeoIP2 web service, set the optional host keyword argument to sandbox.maxmind.com.

After doing this, you may call the method corresponding to request type (e.g., city or country), passing it the IP address you want to look up.

If the request succeeds, the method call will return a model class for the endpoint you called. This model in turn contains multiple record classes, each of which represents part of the data returned by the web service.

If the request fails, the client class throws an exception.

Sync Web Service Example

>>> import geoip2.webservice
>>>
>>> # This creates a Client object that can be reused across requests.
>>> # Replace "42" with your account ID and "license_key" with your license
>>> # key. Set the "host" keyword argument to "geolite.info" to use the
>>> # GeoLite2 web service instead of the GeoIP2 web service. Set the
>>> # "host" keyword argument to "sandbox.maxmind.com" to use the Sandbox
>>> # GeoIP2 web service instead of the production GeoIP2 web service.
>>> with geoip2.webservice.Client(42, 'license_key') as client:
>>>
>>>     # Replace "city" with the method corresponding to the web service
>>>     # that you are using, i.e., "country", "city", or "insights". Please
>>>     # note that Insights is not supported by the GeoLite2 web service.
>>>     response = client.city('203.0.113.0')
>>>
>>>     response.country.iso_code
'US'
>>>     response.country.name
'United States'
>>>     response.country.names['zh-CN']
u'美国'
>>>
>>>     response.subdivisions.most_specific.name
'Minnesota'
>>>     response.subdivisions.most_specific.iso_code
'MN'
>>>
>>>     response.city.name
'Minneapolis'
>>>
>>>     response.postal.code
'55455'
>>>
>>>     response.location.latitude
44.9733
>>>     response.location.longitude
-93.2323
>>>
>>>     response.traits.network
IPv4Network('203.0.113.0/32')

Async Web Service Example

>>> import asyncio
>>>
>>> import geoip2.webservice
>>>
>>> async def main():
>>>     # This creates an AsyncClient object that can be reused across
>>>     # requests on the running event loop. If you are using multiple event
>>>     # loops, you must ensure the object is not used on another loop.
>>>     #
>>>     # Replace "42" with your account ID and "license_key" with your license
>>>     # key. Set the "host" keyword argument to "geolite.info" to use the
>>>     # GeoLite2 web service instead of the GeoIP2 web service. Set the
>>>     # "host" keyword argument to "sandbox.maxmind.com" to use the Sandbox
>>>     # GeoIP2 web service instead of the production GeoIP2 web service.
>>>     async with geoip2.webservice.AsyncClient(42, 'license_key') as client:
>>>
>>>         # Replace "city" with the method corresponding to the web service
>>>         # that you are using, i.e., "country", "city", or "insights". Please
>>>         # note that Insights is not supported by the GeoLite2 web service.
>>>         response = await client.city('203.0.113.0')
>>>
>>>         response.country.iso_code
'US'
>>>         response.country.name
'United States'
>>>         response.country.names['zh-CN']
u'美国'
>>>
>>>         response.subdivisions.most_specific.name
'Minnesota'
>>>         response.subdivisions.most_specific.iso_code
'MN'
>>>
>>>         response.city.name
'Minneapolis'
>>>
>>>         response.postal.code
'55455'
>>>
>>>         response.location.latitude
44.9733
>>>         response.location.longitude
-93.2323
>>>
>>>         response.traits.network
IPv4Network('203.0.113.0/32')
>>>
>>> asyncio.run(main())

Web Service Client Exceptions

For details on the possible errors returned by the web service itself, see https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/docs/web-services?lang=en for the GeoIP2 web service docs.

If the web service returns an explicit error document, this is thrown as a AddressNotFoundError, AuthenticationError, InvalidRequestError, or OutOfQueriesError as appropriate. These all subclass GeoIP2Error.

If some other sort of error occurs, this is thrown as an HTTPError. This is thrown when some sort of unanticipated error occurs, such as the web service returning a 500 or an invalid error document. If the web service returns any status code besides 200, 4xx, or 5xx, this also becomes an HTTPError.

Finally, if the web service returns a 200 but the body is invalid, the client throws a GeoIP2Error.

Database Usage

To use the database API, you first construct a geoip2.database.Reader using the path to the file as the first argument. After doing this, you may call the method corresponding to database type (e.g., city or country), passing it the IP address you want to look up.

If the lookup succeeds, the method call will return a model class for the database method you called. This model in turn contains multiple record classes, each of which represents part of the data for the record.

If the request fails, the reader class throws an exception.

Database Example

City Database

>>> import geoip2.database
>>>
>>> # This creates a Reader object. You should use the same object
>>> # across multiple requests as creation of it is expensive.
>>> with geoip2.database.Reader('/path/to/GeoLite2-City.mmdb') as reader:
>>>
>>>     # Replace "city" with the method corresponding to the database
>>>     # that you are using, e.g., "country".
>>>     response = reader.city('203.0.113.0')
>>>
>>>     response.country.iso_code
'US'
>>>     response.country.name
'United States'
>>>     response.country.names['zh-CN']
u'美国'
>>>
>>>     response.subdivisions.most_specific.name
'Minnesota'
>>>     response.subdivisions.most_specific.iso_code
'MN'
>>>
>>>     response.city.name
'Minneapolis'
>>>
>>>     response.postal.code
'55455'
>>>
>>>     response.location.latitude
44.9733
>>>     response.location.longitude
-93.2323
>>>
>>>     response.traits.network
IPv4Network('203.0.113.0/24')

Anonymous IP Database

>>> import geoip2.database
>>>
>>> # This creates a Reader object. You should use the same object
>>> # across multiple requests as creation of it is expensive.
>>> with geoip2.database.Reader('/path/to/GeoIP2-Anonymous-IP.mmdb') as reader:
>>>
>>>     response = reader.anonymous_ip('203.0.113.0')
>>>
>>>     response.is_anonymous
True
>>>     response.is_anonymous_vpn
False
>>>     response.is_hosting_provider
False
>>>     response.is_public_proxy
False
>>>     response.is_residential_proxy
False
>>>     response.is_tor_exit_node
True
>>>     response.ip_address
'203.0.113.0'
>>>     response.network
IPv4Network('203.0.113.0/24')

ASN Database

>>> import geoip2.database
>>>
>>> # This creates a Reader object. You should use the same object
>>> # across multiple requests as creation of it is expensive.
>>> with geoip2.database.Reader('/path/to/GeoLite2-ASN.mmdb') as reader:
>>>     response = reader.asn('203.0.113.0')
>>>     response.autonomous_system_number
1221
>>>     response.autonomous_system_organization
'Telstra Pty Ltd'
>>>     response.ip_address
'203.0.113.0'
>>>     response.network
IPv4Network('203.0.113.0/24')

Connection-Type Database

>>> import geoip2.database
>>>
>>> # This creates a Reader object. You should use the same object
>>> # across multiple requests as creation of it is expensive.
>>> with geoip2.database.Reader('/path/to/GeoIP2-Connection-Type.mmdb') as reader:
>>>     response = reader.connection_type('203.0.113.0')
>>>     response.connection_type
'Corporate'
>>>     response.ip_address
'203.0.113.0'
>>>     response.network
IPv4Network('203.0.113.0/24')

Domain Database

>>> import geoip2.database
>>>
>>> # This creates a Reader object. You should use the same object
>>> # across multiple requests as creation of it is expensive.
>>> with geoip2.database.Reader('/path/to/GeoIP2-Domain.mmdb') as reader:
>>>     response = reader.domain('203.0.113.0')
>>>     response.domain
'umn.edu'
>>>     response.ip_address
'203.0.113.0'

Enterprise Database

>>> import geoip2.database
>>>
>>> # This creates a Reader object. You should use the same object
>>> # across multiple requests as creation of it is expensive.
>>> with geoip2.database.Reader('/path/to/GeoIP2-Enterprise.mmdb') as reader:
>>>
>>>     # Use the .enterprise method to do a lookup in the Enterprise database
>>>     response = reader.enterprise('203.0.113.0')
>>>
>>>     response.country.confidence
99
>>>     response.country.iso_code
'US'
>>>     response.country.name
'United States'
>>>     response.country.names['zh-CN']
u'美国'
>>>
>>>     response.subdivisions.most_specific.name
'Minnesota'
>>>     response.subdivisions.most_specific.iso_code
'MN'
>>>     response.subdivisions.most_specific.confidence
77
>>>
>>>     response.city.name
'Minneapolis'
>>>     response.country.confidence
11
>>>
>>>     response.postal.code
'55455'
>>>
>>>     response.location.accuracy_radius
50
>>>     response.location.latitude
44.9733
>>>     response.location.longitude
-93.2323
>>>
>>>     response.traits.network
IPv4Network('203.0.113.0/24')

ISP Database

>>> import geoip2.database
>>>
>>> # This creates a Reader object. You should use the same object
>>> # across multiple requests as creation of it is expensive.
>>> with geoip2.database.Reader('/path/to/GeoIP2-ISP.mmdb') as reader:
>>>     response = reader.isp('203.0.113.0')
>>>     response.autonomous_system_number
1221
>>>     response.autonomous_system_organization
'Telstra Pty Ltd'
>>>     response.isp
'Telstra Internet'
>>>     response.organization
'Telstra Internet'
>>>     response.ip_address
'203.0.113.0'
>>>     response.network
IPv4Network('203.0.113.0/24')

Database Reader Exceptions

If the database file does not exist or is not readable, the constructor will raise a FileNotFoundError or a PermissionError. If the IP address passed to a method is invalid, a ValueError will be raised. If the file is invalid or there is a bug in the reader, a maxminddb.InvalidDatabaseError will be raised with a description of the problem. If an IP address is not in the database, a AddressNotFoundError will be raised.

AddressNotFoundError references the largest subnet where no address would be found. This can be used to efficiently enumerate entire subnets:

import geoip2.database
import geoip2.errors
import ipaddress

# This creates a Reader object. You should use the same object
# across multiple requests as creation of it is expensive.
with geoip2.database.Reader('/path/to/GeoLite2-ASN.mmdb') as reader:
    network = ipaddress.ip_network("192.128.0.0/15")

    ip_address = network[0]
    while ip_address in network:
        try:
            response = reader.asn(ip_address)
            response_network = response.network
        except geoip2.errors.AddressNotFoundError as e:
            response = None
            response_network = e.network
        print(f"{response_network}: {response!r}")
        ip_address = response_network[-1] + 1  # move to next subnet

Values to use for Database or Dictionary Keys

We strongly discourage you from using a value from any ``names`` property as a key in a database or dictionaries.

These names may change between releases. Instead we recommend using one of the following:

  • geoip2.records.City - city.geoname_id
  • geoip2.records.Continent - continent.code or continent.geoname_id
  • geoip2.records.Country and geoip2.records.RepresentedCountry - country.iso_code or country.geoname_id
  • geoip2.records.subdivision - subdivision.iso_code or subdivision.geoname_id

What data is returned?

While many of the models contain the same basic records, the attributes which can be populated vary between web service endpoints or databases. In addition, while a model may offer a particular piece of data, MaxMind does not always have every piece of data for any given IP address.

Because of these factors, it is possible for any request to return a record where some or all of the attributes are unpopulated.

The only piece of data which is always returned is the ip_address attribute in the geoip2.records.Traits record.

Integration with GeoNames

GeoNames offers web services and downloadable databases with data on geographical features around the world, including populated places. They offer both free and paid premium data. Each feature is uniquely identified by a geoname_id, which is an integer.

Many of the records returned by the GeoIP web services and databases include a geoname_id field. This is the ID of a geographical feature (city, region, country, etc.) in the GeoNames database.

Some of the data that MaxMind provides is also sourced from GeoNames. We source things like place names, ISO codes, and other similar data from the GeoNames premium data set.

Reporting Data Problems

If the problem you find is that an IP address is incorrectly mapped, please submit your correction to MaxMind.

If you find some other sort of mistake, like an incorrect spelling, please check the GeoNames site first. Once you've searched for a place and found it on the GeoNames map view, there are a number of links you can use to correct data ("move", "edit", "alternate names", etc.). Once the correction is part of the GeoNames data set, it will be automatically incorporated into future MaxMind releases.

If you are a paying MaxMind customer and you're not sure where to submit a correction, please contact MaxMind support for help.

Requirements

Python 3.8 or greater is required. Older versions are not supported.

The Requests HTTP library is also required. See <https://pypi.org/project/requests/> for details.

Versioning

The GeoIP2 Python API uses Semantic Versioning.

Support

Please report all issues with this code using the GitHub issue tracker

If you are having an issue with a MaxMind service that is not specific to the client API, please contact MaxMind support for assistance.