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qemu-pi.sh
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qemu-pi.sh
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#!/bin/bash
# Run a raspbian image in qemu with network access
# Tested with 2017-01-11-raspbian-jessie.img (and lite)
#
# Copyleft 2017 by Ignacio Nunez Hernanz <nacho _a_t_ ownyourbits _d_o_t_ com>
# GPL licensed (see end of file) * Use at your own risk!
#
# Usage:
# qemu-pi.sh 2017-01-11-raspbian-jessie.img # or any other image
#
# Notes:
# If NO_NETWORK=0 it will include your network interface on a bridge
# with the same gateway and routes, and restore it when exiting qemu
#
# If NO_NETWORK=1 (default), that configuration will have to be done manually
# in order to obtain network access inside raspbian
#
# It requires a modified kernel image for qemu. (variable $KERNEL)
#
# It enables SSH on the image
#
# For the network bridge configuration, this needs to be in /etc/sudoers
# Cmnd_Alias QEMU=/usr/bin/ip,/usr/bin/modprobe,/usr/bin/brctl
# %kvm ALL=NOPASSWD: QEMU
IMG=$1
KERNEL=kernel-qemu-4.4.34-jessie
NO_NETWORK=1 # set to 1 to skip network configuration
BRIDGE=br0 # name for the bridge we will create to share network with the raspbian img
MAC='52:54:be:36:42:a9' # comment this line for random MAC (maybe annoying if on DHCP)
BINARY_PATH=/usr/bin # path prefix for binaries
NO_GRAPHIC=0 # set to 1 to start in no graphic mode
# sanity checks
type qemu-system-arm &>/dev/null || { echo "QEMU ARM not found" ; exit 1; }
test -f $IMG && test -f $KERNEL || { echo "$IMG or $KERNEL not found"; exit 1; }
IFACE="$( ip r | grep "default via" | awk '{ print $5 }' | head -1 )"
[[ "$IFACE" == "" ]] || [[ "$BRIDGE" == "" ]] && NO_NETWORK=1
# some more checks
[[ "$NO_NETWORK" != "1" ]] && {
IP=$( ip address show dev "$IFACE" | grep global | grep -oP '\d{1,3}(.\d{1,3}){3}' | head -1 )
[[ "$IP" == "" ]] && { echo "no IP found for $IFACE"; NO_NETWORK=1; }
type brctl &>/dev/null || { echo "brctl is not installed"; NO_NETWORK=1; }
modprobe tun &>/dev/null
grep -q tun <(lsmod) || { echo "need tun module" ; NO_NETWORK=1; }
}
# network configuration
[[ "$NO_NETWORK" != "1" ]] && {
test -f /etc/qemu-ifup && cp -nav /etc/qemu-ifup /etc/qemu-ifup.bak
test -f /etc/qemu-ifdown && cp -nav /etc/qemu-ifdown /etc/qemu-ifdown.bak
cat > /etc/qemu-ifup <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
echo "Executing /etc/qemu-ifup"
echo "Bringing up \$1 for bridged mode..."
sudo $BINARY_PATH/ip link set \$1 up promisc on
echo "Adding \$1 to $BRIDGE..."
sudo $BINARY_PATH/brctl addif $BRIDGE \$1
sleep 2
EOF
cat > /etc/qemu-ifdown <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
echo "Executing /etc/qemu-ifdown"
sudo $BINARY_PATH/ip link set \$1 down
sudo $BINARY_PATH/brctl delif $BRIDGE \$1
sudo $BINARY_PATH/ip link delete dev \$1
EOF
chmod 750 /etc/qemu-ifdown /etc/qemu-ifup
chown root:kvm /etc/qemu-ifup /etc/qemu-ifdown
IPFW=$( sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward | cut -d= -f2 )
sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
echo "Getting routes for interface: $IFACE"
ROUTES=$( ip route | grep $IFACE )
echo "Changing those routes to bridge interface: $BRIDGE"
BRROUT=$( echo "$ROUTES" | sed "s=$IFACE=$BRIDGE=" )
echo "Creating new bridge: $BRIDGE"
brctl addbr $BRIDGE
echo "Adding $IFACE interface to bridge $BRIDGE"
brctl addif $BRIDGE $IFACE
echo "Setting link up for: $BRIDGE"
ip link set up dev $BRIDGE
echo "Flusing routes to interface: $IFACE"
ip route flush dev $IFACE
echo "Adding IP address to bridge: $BRIDGE"
ip address add $IP dev $BRIDGE
echo "Adding routes to bridge: $BRIDGE"
echo "$BRROUT" | tac | while read l; do ip route add $l; done
echo "Routes to bridge $BRIDGE added"
precreationg=$(ip tuntap list | cut -d: -f1 | sort)
ip tuntap add user $USER mode tap
postcreation=$(ip tuntap list | cut -d: -f1 | sort)
TAPIF=$(comm -13 <(echo "$precreationg") <(echo "$postcreation"))
[[ "$MAC" == "" ]] && printf -v MAC "52:54:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x" \
$(( $RANDOM & 0xff )) $(( $RANDOM & 0xff )) $(( $RANDOM & 0xff )) $(( $RANDOM & 0xff ))
NET_ARGS="-net nic,macaddr=$MAC -net tap,ifname=$TAPIF"
}
# prepare the image
SECTOR1=$( fdisk -l $IMG | grep FAT32 | awk '{ print $2 }' )
SECTOR2=$( fdisk -l $IMG | grep Linux | awk '{ print $2 }' )
OFFSET1=$(( SECTOR1 * 512 ))
OFFSET2=$(( SECTOR2 * 512 ))
# make 'boot' vfat partition available locally
mkdir -p tmpmnt
mount $IMG -o offset=$OFFSET1 tmpmnt
touch tmpmnt/ssh # this enables ssh
umount tmpmnt
# make 'linux' ext4 partition available locally
mount $IMG -o offset=$OFFSET2 tmpmnt
cat > tmpmnt/etc/udev/rules.d/90-qemu.rules <<EOF
KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="mmcblk0"
KERNEL=="sda?", SYMLINK+="mmcblk0p%n"
KERNEL=="sda2", SYMLINK+="root"
EOF
# Work around a known issue with qemu-arm, versatile board and raspbian for at least qemu-arm < 2.8.0
# This works but modifies the image so it is recommended to upgrade QEMU
# Ref: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/38837606/emulate-raspberry-pi-raspbian-with-qemu
QEMU_MAJOR=$( qemu-system-arm --version | grep -oP '\d+\.\d+\.\d+' | head -1 | cut -d. -f1 )
QEMU_MINOR=$( qemu-system-arm --version | grep -oP '\d+\.\d+\.\d+' | head -1 | cut -d. -f2 )
if [[ $QEMU_MAJOR == 2 ]] && [[ $QEMU_MINOR < 8 ]]; then sed -i '/^[^#].*libarmmem.so/s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/' tmpmnt/etc/ld.so.preload; fi
if [[ $QEMU_MAJOR < 2 ]] ; then sed -i '/^[^#].*libarmmem.so/s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/' tmpmnt/etc/ld.so.preload; fi
umount -l tmpmnt
rmdir tmpmnt &>/dev/null
PARAMS_KERNEL="root=/dev/sda2 panic=1"
if [[ "$NO_GRAPHIC" == "1" ]]; then
PARAMS_QEMU="-nographic"
PARAMS_KERNEL="$PARAMS_KERNEL vga=normal console=ttyAMA0"
fi
# do it
qemu-system-arm -kernel $KERNEL -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb $NET_ARGS \
$PARAMS_QEMU -no-reboot -drive format=raw,file=$IMG -append "$PARAMS_KERNEL"
# restore network to what it was
[[ "$NO_NETWORK" != "1" ]] && {
ip link set down dev $TAPIF
ip tuntap del $TAPIF mode tap
sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward="$IPFW"
ip link set down dev $BRIDGE
brctl delbr $BRIDGE
echo "$ROUTES" | tac | while read l; do ip route add $l; done
}
# License
#
# This script is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This script is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this script; if not, write to the
# Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
# Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA