Why Netmiko does not use the dynamically assigned (hostname) IP address for connection? #711

fdervisi · 2021-08-24T19:56:58Z

fdervisi
Aug 24, 2021

I have a basic question. I use Nornir to trigger Netmiko to configure a Cisco router. It only works, when I hardcode the IP address in the host inventory (hostname).

Europe-Cisco-Site1:
  hostname: "" <-- when I put the public IP here, it works!
  username: "ec2-user"
  password: ""
  platform: "cisco_xe"
  groups:
    - cisco
  connection_options:
    netmiko:
      extras:
        use_keys: true
        key_file: "/home/coder/.ssh/id_rsa"

In my case, I have to get the public IP from AWS and then assign the hostname variable dynamiclly:

def assign_aws_public_ips(task):
    task.host['hostname'] = get_aws_public_ip(str(task.host), task.host['aws_region'])
    print("****************************")
    print(task.host['hostname'])
    print("****************************")
    result = cisco.run(
        task=netmiko_send_config,
        config_file="templates/simple.j2"
    )
    print_result(result)
    return(f"{task.host} = {task.host['hostname']}")

This is only a test script to validate, if the public IP is assigned on the hostname:

****************************
**52.59.216.193** <-- this is the public IP which has been assigned to **hostname**
****************************
netmiko_send_config*************************************************************
* Europe-Cisco-Site1 ** changed : False ****************************************
vvvv netmiko_send_config ** changed : False vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv ERROR
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir/core/task.py", line 99, in start
    r = self.task(self, **self.params)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir_netmiko/tasks/netmiko_send_config.py", line 24, in netmiko_send_config
    net_connect = task.host.get_connection(CONNECTION_NAME, task.nornir.config)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir/core/inventory.py", line 494, in get_connection
    self.open_connection(
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir/core/inventory.py", line 546, in open_connection
    conn_obj.open(
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir_netmiko/connections/netmiko.py", line 59, in open
    connection = ConnectHandler(**parameters)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/netmiko/ssh_dispatcher.py", line 326, in ConnectHandler
    return ConnectionClass(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/netmiko/cisco/cisco_ios.py", line 17, in __init__
    return super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/netmiko/base_connection.py", line 244, in __init__
    raise ValueError("Either ip or host must be set")
ValueError: Either ip or host must be set

Question:
Why does Netmiko don't use the hostname, which has been assigned during the play? It always takes the hostname which has not been defined in the host inventory file?

One bad solution would be to update the host inventory file with the public IP but this is really a bad solution and I can’t imagine that this should be done!?

ktbyers · 2021-08-24T21:35:02Z

ktbyers
Aug 24, 2021
Maintainer

You are running your task on cisco.run and not task.run:

    result = cisco.run(
        task=netmiko_send_config,
        config_file="templates/simple.j2"
    )

You probably need to show more of your code to understand what is going on, but my guess is you are not actually setting the hostname properly.

3 replies

fdervisi Aug 24, 2021
Author

I tried it without success. This is the complete section of the code:

def assign_aws_public_ips(task):
    task.host['hostname'] = get_aws_public_ip(str(task.host), task.host['aws_region'])
    print("****************************")
    print(task.host['hostname'])
    print("****************************")
    result = task.host(
        task=netmiko_send_config,
        config_file="templates/simple.j2"
    )
    print_result(result)
    return(f"{task.host} = {task.host['hostname']}")

def get_aws_public_ip(ec2_name, aws_region):
    my_config = Config(
        region_name = aws_region,
        signature_version = 'v4',
        retries = {
            'max_attempts': 10,
            'mode': 'standard'
        },        
    )
    ec2 = boto3.client('ec2',config=my_config)
    response = ec2.describe_instances(
        Filters=[
            {
                'Name': 'tag:Name',
                'Values': [
                    ec2_name,
                ]
            },
            {
                'Name': 'instance-state-name',
                'Values': [
                    'running',
                ]
            },            
        ]
    )
    return(response['Reservations'][0]['Instances'][0]['PublicIpAddress'])

#### main ###
result = cisco.run(task=assign_aws_public_ips)

Unfortunately I get this error now:

****************************
52.59.216.193
****************************
assign_aws_public_ips***********************************************************
* Europe-Cisco-Site1 ** changed : False ****************************************
vvvv assign_aws_public_ips ** changed : False vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv ERROR
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir/core/task.py", line 99, in start
    r = self.task(self, **self.params)
  File "/home/coder/mmp-nornir/Full-Automation.py", line 167, in assign_aws_public_ips
    result = task.host(
TypeError: 'Host' object is not callable

^^^^ END assign_aws_public_ips ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
* Europe-Cisco-Site2 ** changed : False ****************************************
vvvv assign_aws_public_ips ** changed : False vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv ERROR
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir/core/task.py", line 99, in start
    r = self.task(self, **self.params)
  File "/home/coder/mmp-nornir/Full-Automation.py", line 163, in assign_aws_public_ips
    task.host['hostname'] = get_aws_public_ip(str(task.host), task.host['aws_region'])
  File "/home/coder/mmp-nornir/Full-Automation.py", line 65, in get_aws_public_ip
    ec2 = boto3.client('ec2',config=my_config)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/boto3/__init__.py", line 93, in client
    return _get_default_session().client(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/boto3/session.py", line 258, in client
    return self._session.create_client(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/botocore/session.py", line 839, in create_client
    credentials = self.get_credentials()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/botocore/session.py", line 441, in get_credentials
    self._credentials = self._components.get_component(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/botocore/session.py", line 941, in get_component
    del self._deferred[name]
KeyError: 'credential_provider'

^^^^ END assign_aws_public_ips ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

However, the code should look like this in the end:

def assign_aws_public_ips(task):
    task.host['hostname'] = get_aws_public_ip(str(task.host), task.host['aws_region'])
    return(f"{task.host} = {task.host['hostname']}")

def get_aws_public_ip(ec2_name, aws_region):
    my_config = Config(
        region_name = aws_region,
        signature_version = 'v4',
        retries = {
            'max_attempts': 10,
            'mode': 'standard'
        },        
    )
    ec2 = boto3.client('ec2',config=my_config)
    response = ec2.describe_instances(
        Filters=[
            {
                'Name': 'tag:Name',
                'Values': [
                    ec2_name,
                ]
            },
            {
                'Name': 'instance-state-name',
                'Values': [
                    'running',
                ]
            },            
        ]
    )
    return(response['Reservations'][0]['Instances'][0]['PublicIpAddress'])

### main ###

# Filter for Hosts
cisco = nr.filter(F(groups__contains="cisco"))

# Main Tasks
render_task = cisco.run(task=render_configs, template_filename="bgp_aws.j2")
write_task = cisco.run(task=write_configs, suffix="cfg")

# Update host ip with aws public ip
result = cisco.run(task=assign_aws_public_ips)
print_result(result)

# configure Cisco Router
 send cisco config via netmiko
 result = cisco.run(
     task=netmiko_send_config,
     config_file="templates/simple.j2"
 )
 print_result(result)

But this is not working. Can you please have look? I obviously missing something "basic"....!?

This is the output, I can clearly see that hostname has been set on cisco inventory:

* Europe-Cisco-Site1 ** changed : False ****************************************
vvvv assign_aws_public_ips ** changed : False vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv INFO
Europe-Cisco-Site1 = 52.59.216.193
^^^^ END assign_aws_public_ips ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
* Europe-Cisco-Site2 ** changed : False ****************************************
vvvv assign_aws_public_ips ** changed : False vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv ERROR
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir/core/task.py", line 99, in start
    r = self.task(self, **self.params)
  File "/home/coder/mmp-nornir/Full-Automation.py", line 163, in assign_aws_public_ips
    task.host['hostname'] = get_aws_public_ip(str(task.host), task.host['aws_region'])
  File "/home/coder/mmp-nornir/Full-Automation.py", line 65, in get_aws_public_ip
    ec2 = boto3.client('ec2',config=my_config)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/boto3/__init__.py", line 93, in client
    return _get_default_session().client(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/boto3/session.py", line 258, in client
    return self._session.create_client(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/botocore/session.py", line 839, in create_client
    credentials = self.get_credentials()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/botocore/session.py", line 441, in get_credentials
    self._credentials = self._components.get_component(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/botocore/session.py", line 941, in get_component
    del self._deferred[name]
KeyError: 'credential_provider'

^^^^ END assign_aws_public_ips ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> /home/coder/mmp-nornir/Full-Automation.py(334)<module>()
    333 ipdb.set_trace()
--> 334 result = cisco.run(
    335     task=netmiko_send_config,

ipdb> cisco.inventory.hosts['Europe-Cisco-Site1']['hostname']
'52.59.216.193'
ipdb>

ktbyers Aug 24, 2021
Maintainer

Should be task.run

    result = task.run(
        task=netmiko_send_config,
        config_file="templates/simple.j2"
    )

fdervisi Aug 24, 2021
Author

still the same :(

def assign_aws_public_ips(task):
    task.host['hostname'] = get_aws_public_ip(str(task.host), task.host['aws_region'])
    print("****************************")
    print(task.host['hostname'])
    print("****************************")
    result = task.run(
        task=netmiko_send_config,
        config_file="templates/simple.j2"
    )
    print_result(result)
    return(f"{task.host} = {task.host['hostname']}")

#### main ###
result = cisco.run(task=assign_aws_public_ips)

This is the error:

assign_aws_public_ips***********************************************************
* Europe-Cisco-Site1 ** changed : False ****************************************
vvvv assign_aws_public_ips ** changed : False vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv ERROR
Subtask: netmiko_send_config (failed)

---- netmiko_send_config ** changed : False ------------------------------------ ERROR
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir/core/task.py", line 99, in start
    r = self.task(self, **self.params)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir_netmiko/tasks/netmiko_send_config.py", line 24, in netmiko_send_config
    net_connect = task.host.get_connection(CONNECTION_NAME, task.nornir.config)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir/core/inventory.py", line 494, in get_connection
    self.open_connection(
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir/core/inventory.py", line 546, in open_connection
    conn_obj.open(
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir_netmiko/connections/netmiko.py", line 59, in open
    connection = ConnectHandler(**parameters)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/netmiko/ssh_dispatcher.py", line 326, in ConnectHandler
    return ConnectionClass(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/netmiko/cisco/cisco_ios.py", line 17, in __init__
    return super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/netmiko/base_connection.py", line 244, in __init__
    raise ValueError("Either ip or host must be set")
ValueError: Either ip or host must be set

^^^^ END assign_aws_public_ips ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
* Europe-Cisco-Site2 ** changed : False ****************************************
vvvv assign_aws_public_ips ** changed : False vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv ERROR
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir/core/task.py", line 99, in start
    r = self.task(self, **self.params)
  File "/home/coder/mmp-nornir/test-FULL.py", line 163, in assign_aws_public_ips
    task.host['hostname'] = get_aws_public_ip(str(task.host), task.host['aws_region'])
  File "/home/coder/mmp-nornir/test-FULL.py", line 65, in get_aws_public_ip
    ec2 = boto3.client('ec2',config=my_config)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/boto3/__init__.py", line 93, in client
    return _get_default_session().client(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/boto3/session.py", line 258, in client
    return self._session.create_client(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/botocore/session.py", line 840, in create_client
    endpoint_resolver = self._get_internal_component('endpoint_resolver')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/botocore/session.py", line 713, in _get_internal_component
    return self._internal_components.get_component(name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/botocore/session.py", line 941, in get_component
    del self._deferred[name]
KeyError: 'endpoint_resolver'

^^^^ END assign_aws_public_ips ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

ktbyers · 2021-08-25T02:05:34Z

ktbyers
Aug 25, 2021
Maintainer

Looks a bit like your AWS resolver is failing (possibly).

    endpoint_resolver = self._get_internal_component('endpoint_resolver')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/botocore/session.py", line 713, in _get_internal_component
    return self._internal_components.get_component(name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/botocore/session.py", line 941, in get_component
    del self._deferred[name]
KeyError: 'endpoint_resolver'

Have you tried to just hard-code this as a test?

    task.host['hostname'] = get_aws_public_ip(str(task.host), task.host['aws_region'])

i.e. set this to something like:

    task.host['hostname'] = my_name.domain.com    # or set to an IP address

In other words, take your get_aws_public_ip temporarily out of the picture.

0 replies

fdervisi · 2021-08-25T08:01:35Z

fdervisi
Aug 25, 2021
Author

Thanks Kirk,

I suspect that Netmiko has a problem, with IP's, which are updated in the code, because It still does not work, even with manual IP. I have created the simples code, wich you can also test:

from nornir import InitNornir
from nornir_utils.plugins.functions import print_result
from nornir.core.filter import F
from nornir_netmiko import netmiko_send_config, netmiko_send_command

# initialize nornir object from config_file
nr = InitNornir(config_file="config.yaml")

# filter for hosts
cisco = nr.filter(F(groups__contains="cisco"))

# define static ips
cisco.inventory.hosts["Europe-Cisco-Site1"]["hostname"] = "52.59.216.193"
cisco.inventory.hosts["Europe-Cisco-Site2"]["hostname"] = "52.59.223.229"

# check ips
print(cisco.inventory.hosts["Europe-Cisco-Site1"]["hostname"])
print(cisco.inventory.hosts["Europe-Cisco-Site2"]["hostname"])

# send cisco config via netmiko
result = cisco.run(
    task=netmiko_send_config,
    config_file="templates/simple.j2"
)
print_result(result)

Here is the Inventory File, where set manually the public IP on Europe-Cisco-Site1, but on Europe-Cisco-Site2 not:

---
Europe-Cisco-Site1:
  hostname: "52.59.216.193"
  username: "ec2-user"
  password: ""
  platform: "cisco_xe"
  groups:
    - cisco
  connection_options:
    netmiko:
      extras:
        use_keys: true
        key_file: "/home/coder/.ssh/id_rsa"
  data:
    site: 1
    aws_region: "eu-central-1"
    loopback: "1.0.1.1"
    mask: "255.255.255.0"
    interfaces:
      - interface_id: "2"
        ip_address: "10.0.1.55"
        mask: "255.255.255.0"
        description: "to SD-WAN"
    bgp_asn: "65001"
    bgp:
      - neighbor: "10.0.1.52"
        remote_as: "1"
        update_source_loopback: false

Europe-Cisco-Site2:
  username: "ec2-user"
  password: ""
  platform: "cisco_xe"
  groups:
    - cisco
  connection_options:
    netmiko:
      extras:
        use_keys: true
        key_file: "/home/coder/.ssh/id_rsa"
  data:
    site: 2
    aws_region: "eu-central-1"
    loopback: "2.0.1.1"
    mask: "255.255.255.0"
    interfaces:
      - interface_id: "2"
        ip_address: "10.0.2.55"
        mask: "255.255.255.0"
        description: "to SD-WAN"
    bgp_asn: "65002"
    bgp:
      - neighbor: "10.0.2.52"
        remote_as: "2"
        update_source_loopback: false

And this is the output. Here you can see that Europe-Cisco-Site1 will succeed, but Europe-Cisco-Site2 not!

52.59.216.193
52.59.223.229
netmiko_send_config*************************************************************
* Europe-Cisco-Site1 ** changed : True *****************************************
vvvv netmiko_send_config ** changed : True vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv INFO
configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
ip-10-0-1-55(config)#netconf-yang
ip-10-0-1-55(config)#end
ip-10-0-1-55#
^^^^ END netmiko_send_config ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
* Europe-Cisco-Site2 ** changed : False ****************************************
vvvv netmiko_send_config ** changed : False vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv ERROR
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir/core/task.py", line 99, in start
    r = self.task(self, **self.params)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir_netmiko/tasks/netmiko_send_config.py", line 24, in netmiko_send_config
    net_connect = task.host.get_connection(CONNECTION_NAME, task.nornir.config)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir/core/inventory.py", line 494, in get_connection
    self.open_connection(
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir/core/inventory.py", line 546, in open_connection
    conn_obj.open(
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nornir_netmiko/connections/netmiko.py", line 59, in open
    connection = ConnectHandler(**parameters)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/netmiko/ssh_dispatcher.py", line 326, in ConnectHandler
    return ConnectionClass(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/netmiko/cisco/cisco_ios.py", line 17, in __init__
    return super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/coder/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/netmiko/base_connection.py", line 244, in __init__
    raise ValueError("Either ip or host must be set")
ValueError: Either ip or host must be set

^^^^ END netmiko_send_config ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

I can clearly see that IP has been set correctly but it is still not used by Netmiko, only if you hardcode it in the host inventory file, as I have did for Europe-Cisco-Site1

0 replies

dbarrosop · 2021-08-25T09:42:48Z

dbarrosop
Aug 25, 2021
Maintainer

You are not setting the hostname correctly. You should read the tutorial about the inventory to understand how it works but the tldr is that you have to set the hotname with myhost.hostname = “2001:db8::1”

2 replies

fdervisi Aug 25, 2021
Author

Thanks David,

My understanding is that it is a regular dictionary, where you have to set key value pairs to feed the inventory. Can you please provide me an example, how to set this properly?

Here is the debug of this code, which again confirms, that the right value for hostname is set:

<nornir.core.Nornir object at 0x7f256a2a1fd0>
ipdb> cisco.inventory.hosts.keys()
dict_keys(['Europe-Cisco-Site1', 'Europe-Cisco-Site2'])

ipdb> cisco.inventory.hosts['Europe-Cisco-Site1'].keys()
dict_keys(['site', 'aws_region', 'loopback', 'mask', 'interfaces', 'bgp_asn', 'bgp', 'hostname', 'account_key', 'account_name', 'ansible_ip_range', 'aws_access_key', 'aws_default_region', 'aws_secret_key', 'orch_ip', 'orch_password', 'orch_user'])

ipdb> cisco.inventory.hosts['Europe-Cisco-Site2'].keys()
dict_keys(['site', 'aws_region', 'loopback', 'mask', 'interfaces', 'bgp_asn', 'bgp', 'hostname', 'account_key', 'account_name', 'ansible_ip_range', 'aws_access_key', 'aws_default_region', 'aws_secret_key', 'orch_ip', 'orch_password', 'orch_user'])
ipdb> 

ipdb> cisco.inventory.hosts['Europe-Cisco-Site1']['hostname']
'52.59.216.193'

ipdb> cisco.inventory.hosts['Europe-Cisco-Site2']['hostname']
'52.59.223.229'

I can't find a tutorial other than that: https://nornir.readthedocs.io/en/3.0.0/tutorial/inventory.html which I folowed...

Sorry, maybe I miss something really basic, but than I have to understand, where I can find the right information to correct my error :)

fdervisi Aug 25, 2021
Author

Got it now!!!! Missed really something basic, I though I can use hostname like a dictionary but this is not true. Thanks for the help!

This is the correct code:

def assign_aws_public_ips(task):
    task.host.hostname = get_aws_public_ip(str(task.host), task.host['aws_region'])
    return(f"{task.host} = {task.host.hostname}")

This is the right Tutorial where the Well-knonw Attributes are described, for reference:
https://gist.github.com/danielmacuare/c647880cfc99a605d25c3b669ab63fc7

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Why Netmiko does not use the dynamically assigned (hostname) IP address for connection? #711

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Why Netmiko does not use the dynamically assigned (hostname) IP address for connection? #711

fdervisi Aug 24, 2021

Replies: 4 comments · 5 replies

ktbyers Aug 24, 2021 Maintainer

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ktbyers Aug 24, 2021 Maintainer

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ktbyers Aug 25, 2021 Maintainer

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dbarrosop Aug 25, 2021 Maintainer

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fdervisi Aug 25, 2021 Author

fdervisi
Aug 24, 2021

Replies: 4 comments 5 replies

ktbyers
Aug 24, 2021
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fdervisi Aug 24, 2021
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ktbyers Aug 24, 2021
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fdervisi Aug 24, 2021
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ktbyers
Aug 25, 2021
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fdervisi
Aug 25, 2021
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dbarrosop
Aug 25, 2021
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fdervisi Aug 25, 2021
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fdervisi Aug 25, 2021
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