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CREATE USER
TiDB 数据库中 CREATE USER 的使用概况。
/docs-cn/dev/sql-statements/sql-statement-create-user/
/docs-cn/dev/reference/sql/statements/create-user/

CREATE USER

CREATE USER 语句用于创建带有指定密码的新用户。和 MySQL 一样，在 TiDB 权限系统中，用户是用户名和用户名所连接主机的组合。因此，可创建一个用户 'newuser2'@'192.168.1.1'，使其只能通过 IP 地址 192.168.1.1 进行连接。相同的用户名从不同主机登录时可能会拥有不同的权限。

语法图

CreateUserStmt ::=
    'CREATE' 'USER' IfNotExists UserSpecList RequireClauseOpt ConnectionOptions PasswordOption LockOption AttributeOption ResourceGroupNameOption

IfNotExists ::=
    ('IF' 'NOT' 'EXISTS')?

UserSpecList ::=
    UserSpec ( ',' UserSpec )*

RequireClauseOpt ::=
    ( 'REQUIRE' 'NONE' | 'REQUIRE' 'SSL' | 'REQUIRE' 'X509' | 'REQUIRE' RequireList )?

RequireList ::=
    ( "ISSUER" stringLit | "SUBJECT" stringLit | "CIPHER" stringLit | "SAN" stringLit | "TOKEN_ISSUER" stringLit )*

UserSpec ::=
    Username AuthOption

AuthOption ::=
    ( 'IDENTIFIED' ( 'BY' ( AuthString | 'PASSWORD' HashString ) | 'WITH' StringName ( 'BY' AuthString | 'AS' HashString )? ) )?

StringName ::=
    stringLit
|   Identifier

PasswordOption ::= ( 'PASSWORD' 'EXPIRE' ( 'DEFAULT' | 'NEVER' | 'INTERVAL' N 'DAY' )?
| 'PASSWORD' 'HISTORY' ( 'DEFAULT' | N )
| 'PASSWORD' 'REUSE' 'INTERVAL' ( 'DEFAULT' | N 'DAY' )
| 'PASSWORD' 'REQUIRE' 'CURRENT' 'DEFAULT'
| 'FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS' N
| 'PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME' ( N | 'UNBOUNDED' ) )*

LockOption ::= ( 'ACCOUNT' 'LOCK' | 'ACCOUNT' 'UNLOCK' )?

AttributeOption ::= ( 'COMMENT' CommentString | 'ATTRIBUTE' AttributeString )?

ResourceGroupNameOption::= ( 'RESOURCE' 'GROUP' Identifier)?

RequireClauseOpt ::= ('REQUIRE' ('NONE' | 'SSL' | 'X509' | RequireListElement ('AND'? RequireListElement)*))?

RequireListElement ::= 'ISSUER' Issuer | 'SUBJECT' Subject | 'CIPHER' Cipher | 'SAN' SAN | 'TOKEN_ISSUER' TokenIssuer

示例

创建一个密码为 newuserpassword 的用户。

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

CREATE USER 'newuser' IDENTIFIED BY 'newuserpassword';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

创建一个只能在 192.168.1.1 登录的用户，密码为 newuserpassword。

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

CREATE USER 'newuser2'@'192.168.1.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'newuserpassword';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

创建一个要求在登录时使用 TLS 连接的用户。

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

CREATE USER 'newuser3'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'newuserpassword' REQUIRE SSL;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

创建一个要求在登录时提供指定客户端证书的用户。

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

CREATE USER 'newuser4'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'newuserpassword' REQUIRE ISSUER '/C=US/ST=California/L=San Francisco/O=PingCAP';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

创建一个初始状态下被锁住的用户。

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

CREATE USER 'newuser5'@'%' ACCOUNT LOCK;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

创建一个带注释的用户。

CREATE USER 'newuser6'@'%' COMMENT 'This user is created only for test';
SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_attributes;
+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
| USER      | HOST | ATTRIBUTE                                         |
+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
| newuser6  | %    | {"comment": "This user is created only for test"} |
+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
1 rows in set (0.00 sec)

创建一个具有邮箱 (email) 属性的用户。

CREATE USER 'newuser7'@'%' ATTRIBUTE '{"email": "[email protected]"}';
SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_attributes;
+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
| USER      | HOST | ATTRIBUTE                                         |
+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
| newuser7  | %    | {"email": "[email protected]"} |
+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
1 rows in set (0.00 sec)

创建一个禁止重复使用最近 5 次密码的用户。

CREATE USER 'newuser8'@'%' PASSWORD HISTORY 5;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

创建一个密码已经手动过期的用户。

CREATE USER 'newuser9'@'%' PASSWORD EXPIRE;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

创建一个使用资源组 rg1 的用户：

CREATE USER 'newuser7'@'%' RESOURCE GROUP rg1;
SELECT USER, HOST, USER_ATTRIBUTES FROM MYSQL.USER WHERE USER='newuser7';
+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
| USER      | HOST | USER_ATTRIBUTES                                   |
+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
| newuser7  | %    | {"resource_group": "rg1"} |
+-----------+------+---------------------------------------------------+
1 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL 兼容性

TiDB 不支持以下 CREATE USER 选项。这些选项可被解析，但会被忽略。

  • PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT DEFAULT
  • WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR
  • WITH MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR
  • WITH MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS

TiDB 也不支持以下 CREATE USER 选项。这些选项无法被语法解析器解析。

  • DEFAULT ROLE
  • PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT OPTIONAL

另请参阅