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Kubernetes Nginx and Php FPM Setup.md

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Problem Statement

The Nautilus Application Development team is planning to deploy one of the php-based applications on Kubernetes cluster. As per the recent discussion with DevOps team, they have decided to use nginx and phpfpm. Additionally, they also shared some custom configuration requirements. Below you can find more details. Please complete this task as per requirements mentioned below:

  • Create a service to expose this app, the service type must be NodePort, nodePort should be 30012.

  • Create a config map named nginx-config for nginx.conf as we want to add some custom settings in nginx.conf.

    • Change the default port 80 to 8096 in nginx.conf.
    • Change the default document root /usr/share/nginx to /var/www/html in nginx.conf.
    • Update the directory index to index index.html index.htm index.php in nginx.conf.

  • Create a pod named nginx-phpfpm.

  • Create a shared volume named shared-files that will be used by both containers (nginx and phpfpm) also it should be a emptyDir volume.

  • Map the ConfigMap we declared above as a volume for nginx container. Name the volume as nginx-config-volume, mount path should be /etc/nginx/nginx.conf and subPath should be nginx.conf

  • Nginx container should be named as nginx-container and it should use nginx:latest image. PhpFPM container should be named as php-fpm-container and it should use php:8.3-fpm-alpine image.

  • The shared volume shared-files should be mounted at /var/www/html location in both containers. Copy /opt/index.php from jump host to the nginx document root inside the nginx container, once done you can access the app using App button on the top bar.

  • Before clicking on finish button always make sure to check if all pods are in running state. To deploy a PHP-based application on a Kubernetes cluster with custom Nginx and PHP-FPM configurations, follow these steps:

Solution

1. Create the ConfigMap for Nginx Configuration

The nginx-config ConfigMap will contain the custom Nginx configuration. Specifically, this configuration will:

  • Change the listening port from 80 to 8096.
  • Set the document root to /var/www/html.
  • Update the directory index to include index.html, index.htm, and index.php.

Save the following YAML content to a file named nginx-config.yaml:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: nginx-config
data:
  nginx.conf: |
    events {}
    http {
      server {
        listen 8096;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
        root /var/www/html;
        location ~ \.php$ {
          include fastcgi_params;
          fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
          fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
          fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        }
      }
    }

Apply the ConfigMap:

kubectl apply -f nginx-config.yaml

2. Create the Pod with Nginx and PHP-FPM Containers

We will create a Pod named nginx-phpfpm with two containers:

  • Nginx Container: Uses the nginx:latest image and mounts the nginx-config ConfigMap.
  • PHP-FPM Container: Uses the php:8.3-fpm-alpine image.

Both containers will share an emptyDir volume named shared-files, which will be mounted at /var/www/html in both containers.

Save the following YAML content to a file named nginx-phpfpm-pod.yaml:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx-phpfpm
  labels:
    name: nginx-phpfpm
spec:
  volumes:
  - name: shared-files
    emptyDir: {}
  - name: nginx-config-volume
    configMap:
      name: nginx-config
  containers:
  - name: nginx-container
    image: nginx:latest
    volumeMounts:
    - name: nginx-config-volume
      mountPath: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
      subPath: nginx.conf
    - name: shared-files
      mountPath: /var/www/html

  - name: php-fpm-container
    image: php:8.3-fpm-alpine
    volumeMounts:
    - name: shared-files
      mountPath: /var/www/html

Apply the Pod configuration:

kubectl apply -f nginx-phpfpm-pod.yaml

3. Create the NodePort Service

This service will expose the Nginx and PHP-FPM application. It will use port 8096 internally and expose it on port 30012.

Save the following YAML content to a file named nginx-phpfpm-service.yaml:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-phpfpm
spec:
  selector:
    name: nginx-phpfpm
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 8096
    targetPort: 8096
    nodePort: 30012

Apply the Service configuration:

kubectl apply -f nginx-phpfpm-service.yaml

4. Copy the index.php File to the Nginx Container

To ensure the application is properly deployed, copy the index.php file from the jump host to the Nginx container's document root.

Use the following command to copy the file:

kubectl cp /opt/index.php nginx-phpfpm:/var/www/html

5. Verify Pod Status

Ensure that all pods are running correctly:

kubectl get pods

Make sure the nginx-phpfpm pod is in the Running state before proceeding.

6. Access the Application

You should be able to access the application by navigating to:

http://<node-ip>:30012

Where <node-ip> is the IP address of one of your Kubernetes nodes.

Summary

You have configured and deployed a PHP-based application using Nginx and PHP-FPM on Kubernetes. The process included creating a ConfigMap for Nginx, setting up a Pod with shared volumes for Nginx and PHP-FPM, exposing the application through a NodePort service, and copying the necessary PHP file into the Nginx container. Ensure all pods are running correctly before accessing the application.