diff --git a/news/7122.feature.rst b/news/7122.feature.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1faf15c21f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/news/7122.feature.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Print an error message (and exit with a non-zero exit code) when an invalid extra is requested
diff --git a/src/pip/_internal/exceptions.py b/src/pip/_internal/exceptions.py
index 8ceb818a35d..559e2586333 100644
--- a/src/pip/_internal/exceptions.py
+++ b/src/pip/_internal/exceptions.py
@@ -13,7 +13,16 @@
 import re
 import sys
 from itertools import chain, groupby, repeat
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterator, List, Literal, Optional, Union
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Literal,
+    Optional,
+    Union,
+)
 
 from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
 from pip._vendor.rich.markup import escape
@@ -22,6 +31,8 @@
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from hashlib import _Hash
 
+    from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName
+    from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
     from pip._vendor.requests.models import Request, Response
 
     from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
@@ -775,3 +786,26 @@ def __init__(self, *, distribution: "BaseDistribution") -> None:
             ),
             hint_stmt=None,
         )
+
+
+class UnavailableExtra(InstallationError):
+    """A requested extra is not available."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        base: str,
+        version: "Version",
+        extra: str,
+        available_extras: Iterable["NormalizedName"],
+    ):
+        self.base = base
+        self.version = version
+        self.extra = extra
+        self.available_extras = available_extras
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        nice_available = " ".join(f'"{e}", ' for e in self.available_extras)[:-2]
+        return (
+            f"{self.base} {self.version} does not provide the extra '{self.extra}'"
+            f"\n{self.base} provides extras: {nice_available}"
+        )
diff --git a/src/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py b/src/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py
index d30d477be68..142290cd651 100644
--- a/src/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py
+++ b/src/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
     InstallationSubprocessError,
     MetadataInconsistent,
     MetadataInvalid,
+    UnavailableExtra,
 )
 from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
 from pip._internal.models.link import Link, links_equivalent
@@ -508,11 +509,11 @@ def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requiremen
         valid_extras = self.extras.intersection(self.base.dist.iter_provided_extras())
         invalid_extras = self.extras.difference(self.base.dist.iter_provided_extras())
         for extra in sorted(invalid_extras):
-            logger.warning(
-                "%s %s does not provide the extra '%s'",
-                self.base.name,
-                self.version,
-                extra,
+            raise UnavailableExtra(
+                base=self.base.name,
+                version=self.version,
+                extra=extra,
+                available_extras=self.base.dist.iter_provided_extras(),
             )
 
         for r in self.base.dist.iter_dependencies(valid_extras):