diff --git a/lib/reform/result.rb b/lib/reform/result.rb
index e3135454..0bfb0e4e 100644
--- a/lib/reform/result.rb
+++ b/lib/reform/result.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ def success?; !failure? end
 
       def errors(*args);   filter_for(:errors, *args) end
 
-      def messages(*args); filter_for(:messages, *args) end
+      # using filter_for(:messages, *args) pulls also the hints for DRY validation
+      alias messages errors
 
       def hints(*args);    filter_for(:hints, *args) end
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ def initialize(result, path)
 
         def errors(*args);   traverse_for(:errors, *args) end
 
-        def messages(*args); traverse_for(:messages, *args) end
+        alias messages errors
 
         def hints(*args);    traverse_for(:hints, *args) end
 
diff --git a/test/validation/dry_validation_new_api.rb b/test/validation/dry_validation_new_api.rb
index de6ee522..d3d4d80f 100644
--- a/test/validation/dry_validation_new_api.rb
+++ b/test/validation/dry_validation_new_api.rb
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class AlbumForm < TestForm
 
     result.success?.must_equal false
 
-    form.errors.messages.must_equal(title: ["must be filled", "size cannot be less than 2"], "artist.email": ["must be filled"], "artist.label.location": ["must be filled"], "songs.title": ["must be filled"])
+    form.errors.messages.must_equal(title: ["must be filled"], "artist.email": ["must be filled"], "artist.label.location": ["must be filled"], "songs.title": ["must be filled"])
     form.artist.errors.messages.must_equal(email: ["must be filled"], "label.location": ["must be filled"])
     form.artist.label.errors.messages.must_equal(location: ["must be filled"])
     form.songs[0].errors.messages.must_equal({})
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class AlbumForm < TestForm
 
     # #errors[]
     form.errors[:nonsense].must_equal []
-    form.errors[:title].must_equal ["must be filled", "size cannot be less than 2"]
+    form.errors[:title].must_equal ["must be filled"]
     form.artist.errors[:email].must_equal ["must be filled"]
     form.artist.label.errors[:location].must_equal ["must be filled"]
     form.songs[0].errors[:title].must_equal []
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class AlbumForm < TestForm
 
     # #to_result
     form.to_result.errors.must_equal(title: ["must be filled"])
-    form.to_result.messages.must_equal(title: ["must be filled", "size cannot be less than 2"])
+    form.to_result.messages.must_equal(title: ["must be filled"])
     form.to_result.hints.must_equal(title: ["size cannot be less than 2"])
     form.artist.to_result.errors.must_equal(email: ["must be filled"])
     form.artist.to_result.messages.must_equal(email: ["must be filled"])
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ class SessionForm < TestForm
     # invalid.
     it do
       form.validate({}).must_equal false
-      form.errors.messages.must_equal({username: ["must be filled"], email: ["must be filled"], special_class: ["must be filled", "must be ValidationGroupsTest::SomeClass"]})
+      form.errors.messages.must_equal(username: ["must be filled"], email: ["must be filled"], special_class: ["must be filled"])
     end
 
     # partially invalid.
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class SessionForm < TestForm
     it do
       form.validate(username: "Helloween", email: "yo!", confirm_password: "9", special_class: SomeClass.new(id: 15)).must_equal false
       form.errors.messages.inspect
-          .must_equal "{:confirm_password=>[\"size cannot be less than 2\"], :password=>[\"must be filled\", \"size cannot be less than 2\"]}"
+          .must_equal "{:confirm_password=>[\"size cannot be less than 2\"], :password=>[\"must be filled\"]}"
     end
     # 4th group with after: fails.
     it do
diff --git a/test/validation/dry_validation_old_api.rb b/test/validation/dry_validation_old_api.rb
index 7133cd5a..f2efbabb 100644
--- a/test/validation/dry_validation_old_api.rb
+++ b/test/validation/dry_validation_old_api.rb
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class AlbumForm < TestForm
     result.success?.must_equal false
 
     # errors.messages
-    form.errors.messages.must_equal(title: ["must be filled", "size cannot be less than 2"], "artist.email": ["must be filled"], "artist.label.location": ["must be filled"], "songs.title": ["must be filled"])
+    form.errors.messages.must_equal(title: ["must be filled"], "artist.email": ["must be filled"], "artist.label.location": ["must be filled"], "songs.title": ["must be filled"])
     form.artist.errors.messages.must_equal(email: ["must be filled"], "label.location": ["must be filled"])
     form.artist.label.errors.messages.must_equal(location: ["must be filled"])
     form.songs[0].errors.messages.must_equal({})
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class AlbumForm < TestForm
 
     # #errors[]
     form.errors[:nonsense].must_equal []
-    form.errors[:title].must_equal ["must be filled", "size cannot be less than 2"]
+    form.errors[:title].must_equal ["must be filled"]
     form.artist.errors[:email].must_equal ["must be filled"]
     form.artist.label.errors[:location].must_equal ["must be filled"]
     form.songs[0].errors[:title].must_equal []
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class AlbumForm < TestForm
 
     # #to_result
     form.to_result.errors.must_equal(title: ["must be filled"])
-    form.to_result.messages.must_equal(title: ["must be filled", "size cannot be less than 2"])
+    form.to_result.messages.must_equal(title: ["must be filled"])
     form.to_result.hints.must_equal(title: ["size cannot be less than 2"])
     form.artist.to_result.errors.must_equal(email: ["must be filled"])
     form.artist.to_result.messages.must_equal(email: ["must be filled"])
@@ -272,7 +272,13 @@ class SessionForm < TestForm
     # invalid.
     it do
       form.validate({}).must_equal false
-      form.errors.messages.must_equal({username: ["must be filled"], email: ["must be filled"], special_class: ["must be filled", "must be ValidationGroupsTest::SomeClass"]})
+      form.errors.messages.must_equal({username: ["must be filled"], email: ["must be filled"], special_class: ["must be filled"]})
+    end
+
+    # invalid due wrong special class type
+    it do
+      form.validate(username: "Helloween", email: "yo", confirm_password: "9", special_class: Session.new).must_equal false
+      form.errors.messages.must_equal(special_class: ["must be ValidationGroupsTest::SomeClass"])
     end
 
     # partially invalid.
@@ -285,7 +291,7 @@ class SessionForm < TestForm
     it do
       form.validate(username: "Helloween", email: "yo!", confirm_password: "9", special_class: SomeClass.new(id: 15)).must_equal false
       form.errors.messages.inspect
-          .must_equal "{:confirm_password=>[\"size cannot be less than 2\"], :password=>[\"must be filled\", \"size cannot be less than 2\"]}"
+          .must_equal "{:confirm_password=>[\"size cannot be less than 2\"], :password=>[\"must be filled\"]}"
     end
     # 4th group with after: fails.
     it do
@@ -365,12 +371,12 @@ class Session2Form < TestForm
     # invalid.
     it do
       form.validate({}).must_equal false
-      form.errors.messages.must_equal(password: ["must be filled", "size cannot be less than 6"], username: ["must be filled"], email: ["must be filled", "you're a bad person"])
+      form.errors.messages.must_equal(password: ["must be filled"], username: ["must be filled"], email: ["must be filled"])
     end
 
     it do
       form.validate(email: 1).must_equal false
-      form.errors.messages.inspect.must_equal "{:password=>[\"must be filled\", \"size cannot be less than 6\"], :username=>[\"must be filled\"], :email=>[\"you're a bad person\"]}"
+      form.errors.messages.inspect.must_equal "{:password=>[\"must be filled\"], :username=>[\"must be filled\"], :email=>[\"you're a bad person\"]}"
     end
   end
 
@@ -485,7 +491,7 @@ def good_musical_taste?(value)
       form.band.errors.full_messages.must_equal ["Name must be filled", "Label Location must be filled"]
       form.band.label.errors.full_messages.must_equal ["Location must be filled"]
       form.producers.first.errors.full_messages.must_equal ["Name must be filled"]
-      form.errors.full_messages.must_equal ["Title must be filled", "Title you're a bad person", "Hit Title must be filled", "Songs Title must be filled", "Producers Name must be filled", "Band Name must be filled", "Band Label Location must be filled"]
+      form.errors.full_messages.must_equal ["Title must be filled", "Hit Title must be filled", "Songs Title must be filled", "Producers Name must be filled", "Band Name must be filled", "Band Label Location must be filled"]
     end
 
     describe "only 1 nested validation" do