IndicWav2Vec is a multilingual speech model pretrained on 40 Indian langauges. This model represents the largest diversity of Indian languages in the pool of multilingual speech models. We fine-tune this model for downstream ASR for 9 languages and obtain state-of-the-art results on 3 public benchmarks, namely MUCS, MSR and OpenSLR.

As part of IndicWav2Vec we create largest publicly available corpora for 40 languages from 4 different language families. We also trained state-of-the-art ASR models for 9 Indian languages.

We evaluate our models on 3 publicly available benchmarks MUCS, MSR and OpenSLR and below mentioned are our results

21 June 2022

Added more documentation

• IndicWav2Vec
  • Benchmarks
  • Updates
  • Table of contents
  • Resources
    • Download Models
    • Hosted API Usage
    • Accessing on ULCA
  • Quick start
    • Python Inference
    • Huggingface Inference
  • Tutorials
    • Setting up your environment
    • Pretraining
      • Data preparation
      • Manifest Creation
    • Training procedure and code
    • Finetuning
      • Data preparation
      • Finetuning procedure and code
      • Finetuning procedure and code
    • Language Modelling (LM)
      • Data preparation
      • Training details
    • Evaluating ASR models
    • Model exporting
    • Deployment
  • Cite
  • License
  • Contributors
  • Contact

Pretrained Model(*)

(* Trained on 40 Indian Languages, more details can be found here)

Our models are hosted at the following API end points.

Input API data format

{
    "config": {
        "language":{
          "sourceLanguage": "#Language Code"
        },
        "transcriptionFormat": {"value":"transcript"},
        "audioFormat": "wav"
    },
    "audio": [{
        "audioContent": "#BASE64 Encoded String"
    }]
}

OR

{
    "config": {
        "language":{
          "sourceLanguage": "#Language Code"
        },
        "transcriptionFormat": {"value":"transcript"},
        "audioFormat": "wav"
    },
    "audio": [{
        "audioUri": "#HTTP/GS path to file"
    }]
}

Output

{
    "output": [
        {
            "source": "सेकेंड स्टेप इस देसी है स्पेसिफाइड फॉरेस्ट राइट"
        }
    ],
    "status": "SUCCESS"
}

Our models can be directly accessed on ULCA by going into ASR section and filtering models by IndicWav2Vec.

• Greedy Decoding

  python sfi.py [--audio-file AUDIO_FILE_PATH] 
            [--ft-model FT_MODEL] 
            [--w2l-decoder viterbi]
  

• KenLM Decoding

  python sfi.py [--audio-file AUDIO_FILE_PATH]   
            [--ft-model FT_MODEL_PATH] 
            [--w2l-decoder kenlm] 
            [--lexicon LEXICON_PATH] 
            [--kenlm-model KENLM_MODEL_PATH]
            [--beam-threshold BEAM_THRESHOLD] 
            [--beam-size-token BEAM_SIZE_TOKEN] 
            [--beam BEAM_SIZE] 
            [--word-score WORD_SCORE] 
            [--lm-weight LM_WEIGHT]
            [--unk-weight UNK_WEIGHT] 
            [--sil-weight SIL_WEIGHT] 
            [--nbest NBEST]
  
  

• Coming soon

• Setting up conda environment

  conda create -n <env_name>
  conda activate <env_name>
  

• Installing/Updating Libraries

  sudo apt-get install liblzma-dev libbz2-dev libzstd-dev libsndfile1-dev libopenblas-dev libfftw3-dev libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev
  sudo apt install build-essential cmake libboost-system-dev libboost-thread-dev libboost-program-options-dev libboost-test-dev libeigen3-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev liblzma-dev ffmpeg
  
   pip install -r w2v_inference/requirements.txt
  
   pip install packaging soundfile swifter editdistance omegaconf
  

• Installing Fairseq

  git clone https://github.com/AI4Bharat/fairseq.git
  cd fairseq
  pip install --editable ./
  
  #[Optional for faster training]
  git clone https://github.com/NVIDIA/apex
  
  cd apex
  
  pip install -v --no-cache-dir --global-option="--cpp_ext" --global-option="--cuda_ext" \
  --global-option="--deprecated_fused_adam" --global-option="--xentropy" \
  --global-option="--fast_multihead_attn" ./
  
  cd ..
  

• Installing KenLM

  git clone https://github.com/kpu/kenlm.git
  cd kenlm
  mkdir -p build && cd build
  cmake .. 
  make -j 16
  cd ..
  export KENLM_ROOT=$PWD
  cd ..
  

• Installing Flashlight

  git clone https://github.com/flashlight/flashlight.git
  cd flashlight/bindings/python
  export USE_MKL=0
  python setup.py install
  

• Step 1: Downloading Audio Dataset (Unlabelled)

  bash dw_util.sh <path_to_urls> <data_store_path> <num_of_threads>
  

  The <data_store_path> refers to the location where the data will be downloaded. The <num_of_threads> can be used to control the parallelization.

• Step 2: Voiced Activity Detection

  python vad.py <data_read_dir> <data_write_dir> <folder_name>
  

  The <data_read_dir> is the root of downloaded files which contain downloaded data in language-named-folders.

  The <data_write_dir> is the location for saving the data after VAD step.

  The <folder_name> refers to the names of language-named-folder for which you want to perform this VAD step.

  *The reason why folder_name has been kept as a seperate entity is to allow parallelization because one can process multiple folders simultaneously.

• Step 3: SNR Filtering

  python snr.py <data_path> <folder/language_name>
  

  where the <data_path> refers to the root path containing all the audios in language specific folders. Here it refers to the <data_write_dir> from the previous step. The <folder/language_name> refers to name of language_specific folder for which snr_filtering needs to be done. The audio data that is rejected is moved in the folder "snr_rejected", which is created automatically.

• Step 4: Chunking

  python chunking.py <chunking_path>
  

  All the audio files present in the <chunking_path> will be chunked and saved in the same location. The original files are removed.

Or alternatively users can use the one single script process_data.sh to run the entire pipeline

• Usage: bash process_data.sh </path/to/download> <num_of_threads>
• The </path/to/download> refers to the location where the data will be downloaded.
• The <num_of_threads> can be used to control the parallelization.
• Please make sure that the relative path is urls directory is ../urls from the script.

For creating language-wise pretraining manifest

python path/to/lang_wise_manifest_creation.py /path/to/wave/files --dest /manifest/path --ext $ext --valid-percent $valid

For /path/to/wav/files/ we expect the directory to have one folder per language under the parent directory

In our pretraing, we use a --valid-percent as 0.03

For creating a combined validation file for all languages, we concatenate all individual *_valid.tsv files to create a valid.tsv file.

import pandas as pd
import glob

filenames = glob.glob("*_valid.tsv")

combined = []
for f in filename:
    df = pd.read_csv(f, skiprows=1, names=['f', 'd'], sep='\t')
    combined.append(df)

df_combined = pd.concat(combined, axis=0, ignore_index=True)
df_combined.to_csv('valid.tsv', index=True, header=False, sep='\t')

We then add the /path/to/wav/files/ to the first line of the valid.tsv file

For pretraining the model we do multi-node training and schedule the runs with slurm.

Following is the invocation script for training IndicWav2Vec base starting from Wav2Vec2.0 English base ckeckpoint

fairseq-hydra-train \
  task.data=/path/to/manifest/directory \
  common.wandb_project=<wandb project name> \
  task._name=temp_sampled_audio_pretraining \
  +task.sampling_alpha=0.7 \
  common.log_interval=200 \
  common.log_format=tqdm \
  dataset.max_tokens=3000000 \
  common.user_dir=/path/to/custom_task/directory \
  checkpoint.save_dir=/path/to/save/model/checkpoints \
  checkpoint.restore_file=/path/to wav2vec2-english-base/checkpoint.pt \
  +optimization.update_freq='[2]' \
  optimization.clip_norm=0.5 \
  checkpoint.reset_optimizer=true \
  distributed_training.distributed_world_size=<total GPUs> \
  distributed_training.distributed_port=$PORT \
  --config-dir /path/to/configs/directory \
  --config-name wav2vec2_base_librispeech"

For Large model we override the above configuration with

  checkpoint.restore_file=/path/to wav2vec2-english-large/checkpoint.pt \
  +optimization.update_freq='[6]' \
  lr_scheduler.warmup_updates=0 \
  --config-name wav2vec2_large_librivox"

Configs for both the models are provided in the configs directory

• Sampling correction (if required for a dataset)

  For datasets, that are not sampled uniformly at 16kHz, the user may run the following command to normalize the data first.

  bash normalize_sr.sh <path/to/the/folder/to/normalize> <ext|wav|mp3>
  

• Manifest creation

  • Make a new directory and name it (say mucs)

  • Download and extract the benchmark data inside mucs. The data should be extracted in such a way that each folder inside should contain data for a particular language i.e each language specific folder should contain train, valid and test folder and within them the audio + transcript.txt

    Note that the transcript.txt contain entries of the following type

    <filename1> <transcript1> #just the filename and not the path
    <filename2> <transcript2>
    <filename3> <transcript3>
    <filename4> <transcript4>
    ...
    

    Sample structure of folder tree:

    mucs(or msr/openslr)
        ├── hindi
        │   ├── test
        │   │   ├── audio
        │   │   └── transcript.txt
        │   ├── train
        │   │   ├── audio
        │   │   └── transcript.txt
        │   └── valid
        │       ├── audio
        │       └── transcript.txt
        └── marathi
            ├── test
            │   ├── audio
            │   └── transcript.txt
            ├── train
            │   ├── audio
            │   └── transcript.txt
            └── valid
                ├── audio
                └── transcript.txt
            .
            .
            .
            .
    

  • Creating the manifest

    bash m_process.sh <path/to/the/root/folder/(mucs)>
    

    The would result in creation of manifest folders in each language specific folder which can the be used with fairseq for finetuning.

Following is the invocation script for finetuning IndicWav2Vec large on a particular language

fairseq-hydra-train \
  task.data=/path/to/finetune/manifest/directory/for/a/particular/language \
  common.wandb_project=<wandb project name> \
  model.w2v_path=/path/to/pretrained/model_large.pt \
  common.log_interval=50 \
  common.log_format=tqdm \
  dataset.max_tokens=1000000 \
  checkpoint.save_dir=/path/to/save/model/fine_tune_checkpoints \
  +optimization.update_freq='[1]' \
  distributed_training.distributed_world_size=<total GPUs> \
  --config-dir /path/to/configs/directory \
  --config-name ai4b_xlsr"

For IndicWav2Vec Base model we override the above configuration with

  model.w2v_path=/path/to/pretrained/model_base.pt \
  --config-name ai4b_base"

Configs for both the models are provided in the finetune_configs directory

We train 6-grams Statistical LM using KenLM library.

• Prepare training manifest using fairseq and copy its path.
• Prepare clean_dump.txt containing "\n" separated rows of text data.
• Add dict.txt containing comma(,) separated rows of characters and its' index.
• Add these two files to the {lang} folder, where lang denotes the language for which lm is to be trained.

Command to clean transcripts and prepare lexicon for training:

python utils/clean_corpus.py -d=<lm directory path> -l=<lang> --transcript=<speech transcript folder path> --st=<start code of lang> --en=<end code of lang> --top_k=<'k' most frequent words for vocab>

Run lm-training: bash scripts/train_lm.sh <lm directory path> <lang>.

Ouput will be generate at: "<lm directory path>/<lang>".

• Evaluation using fairseq (infer.py)

  python3 fairseq/speech_recognition/infer.py ${manifest_path} --task audio_finetuning \
  --nbest 1 --path ${checkpoint_path} --gen-subset ${valid|test} --results-path ${result_path} --w2l-decoder {viterbi | kenlm} \
  --lm-weight 0 --word-score 0 --sil-weight 0 --criterion ctc --labels ltr --max-tokens 5000000 \
  --post-process letter
  

  This is default fairseq evaluation command and more documentation about this command can be seen here

• Huggingface
• ONNX/Torchscript

• Server (Flask)

  • Install Flask pip install flask flask-cors
  • Change path for the acoustic models, decoding strategy, language models and lexicon in the Make path changes in app/models_dict.json
  • run server python app/flask_dep.py

• Server (Torchserve)

  • Coming soon

• Mobile

  • Coming soon

Please cite out work as:

@inproceedings{javed2021building,
    title = {Towards Building ASR Systems for the Next Billion Users},
    author = {Tahir Javed and Sumanth Doddapaneni and Abhigyan Raman and Kaushal Santosh Bhogale and Gowtham Ramesh and Anoop Kunchukuttan and Pratyush Kumar and Mitesh M. Khapra},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
    year = "2022 (to appear)",
}

IndicWav2Vec is MIT-licensed. The license applies to all the pretrained, fine-tuned and language models

• Tahir Javed, (IITM, AI4Bharat)
• Sumanth Doddapaneni, (AI4Bharat, RBCDSAI)
• Abhigyan Raman, (AI4Bharat)
• Kaushal Bhogale, (AI4Bharat)
• Gowtham Ramesh, (AI4Bharat, RBCDSAI)
• Anoop Kunchukuttan, (Microsoft, AI4Bharat)
• Pratyush Kumar, (Microsoft, AI4Bharat)
• Mitesh Khapra, (IITM, AI4Bharat, RBCDSAI)

• Anoop Kunchukuttan ([email protected])
• Mitesh Khapra ([email protected])
• Pratyush Kumar ([email protected])

We would like to thank EkStep Foundation for their generous grant which helped in setting up the Centre for AI4Bharat at IIT Madras to support our students, research staff, data and computational requirements. We would like to thank The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (NLTM) for its grant to support the creation of datasets and models for Indian languages under its ambitions Bhashini project. We would also like to thank the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, India (C-DAC) for providing access to the Param Siddhi supercomputer for training our models. Lastly, we would like to thank Microsoft for its grant to create datasets, tools and resources for Indian languages.