Windows-11-On-Ampere

Summary

This repo contains scripts and documents to assist in the installation of Windows on Ampere Platforms. It also contain applications that currently supported on this platform and how to develop applications natively on Ampere for ARM64.

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Requirements
  • Hardware
  • Operating System
• Hardware
  • Monitors connected to builtin VGA
• Install Windows 11 via ISO
  • Create UUP Dump File for Windows 11
  • Building Windows 11 ISO on Ampere Platform
  • Create Bootable USB for Windows 11 with Rufus
  • Install Windows on Ampere Workstation
• Peripheral
• Applications
• Application Development
• References

Introduction

Currently Arm based client devices like Microsoft Surface Pro 9, Lenovo ThinkPad X13s, etc., are all based on Arm SOC like Snapdragon. These devices are good for portable or mobile scenario like pads or laptops running low demanding applications. The SOCs include CPU and other components and are well supported by VHDX images, which is available on the Microsoft Insider preview program.

On Ampere CPU based Arm workstations, on the other hand, there is a dedicated Arm based CPU without other components. Installation of these systems should follow normal ISO approaches used on installing Windows 11 on PCs, although VHDX could work too with extra driver components not needed.

As of the time of this preparing this documents, there are no updated Windows 11 ISO available on Windows 11 preview program. But there are other approaches to create Windows 11 installation ISO, which can be used to install Windows 11 on Ampere CPU based workstations normally.

Note: This is part of Ampere's Arm Native Solutions including cloud gaming, cloud phone, Jetson 11 on Ampere, and edge solutions.

Requirements

Hardware

• An Ampere CPU based workstation to be installed Windows 11
  • Ampere Altra Developer Platform¹
  • Ampere Altra Dev Kit¹
• An additional client for (1) downloading UUP dump file and (2) creating a bootable USB drive running
  • Windows 11 on ARM, or
  • Windows 11 on x64.

Software

1. UUP Dump
2. Rufus
3. Windows 11 ARM or X64

Hardware Environment

AADP revision A1 has bug related to GRUB and A2 revision is recommended.

Monitors connected to builtin VGA

One monitor can connect to builtin VGA output is required.

Install Windows 11 via ISO

Create UUP Dump File for Windows 11

There are multiple sites which can assist with building Windows 11 ISOs. UUP Dump² site is one of them, and is documented here.

On one of the additional clients, browse to https://uupdump.net/known.php?q=windows+11+arm, and then follow the steps to create and download a UUP Dump file.

1. Select the base image on the following page.
2. Select the language and click next.
3. Select the edition and click next.
4. Select the Download method and Conversion options and download the zip file.

Build Windows 11 ISO on Windows running on x64 or ARM CPU

Download the zip file, e.g. 22631.3085_arm64_en-us_professional_ebde6b33_convert.zip ("Windows 11, version 23H2 (22631.3085) arm64") and save it to a folder such as the Desktop. Unzip it, then launch a Command Prompt and cd to the directory containing the files. Next, run:

uup_download_windows.cmd

Create Bootable USB for Windows 11 with Rufus

As the ISO has a Secure Boot option, this need to be removed. Currently there is only one tool, rufus³, which has this feature to remove the Secure Boot.

Note: Bootable USB created with dd command can boot into installation UI, but not able to find any installation media. If there is an Ampere or other Arm based client running Windows for Arm, download the Arm version, saying rufus-4.4_arm64.exe. Otherwise, download x86 or x64 version for non-arm based clients.

When creating the USB, disable TPM (default).

1. Click the Select button next to Disk or ISO image > Browse to and select the generated Windows 11 ISO file.
2. After clicking the Start button, a "Customize Windows Installation" dialog will appear. Check all check boxes, including Remove requirement for 4GB+RAM, Secure Boot and TPM2.0 and Remove required for an online Microsoft account.

Install Windows on Ampere Workstation

Following the document⁴, boot the system from the USB created above and install Windows 11 as normal.

Again, if no installation media found after boot into installation UI, the USB need to be recreated with TPM removed.

Update VGA Driver

Download the latest VGA driver and install it. With the latest VGA driver, Windows 11 can support 1920x1080 monitors.

Peripheral

NIC

Currently the builtin NIC is not supported by Windows 11, but certain USB based NICs are found to be working well with Windows 11. Here is the list of NICs tested.

Brand	Chip	Type	Tested Date	Working
Diamond	RealTek	USB	May 23, 2023	Yes
Benfei	RealTek	USB	May 25, 2023	Yes
Intel	Intel	PCI	May 23, 2023	No

Applications

SSH Server on Windows 11

The SSH server can be installed on Windows 11 and enable remote access⁵.

Open PowerShell terminal with Administrator and run the following commands.

> Get-WindowsCapability -Online | ? Name -like 'OpenSSH*'

Name  : OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0
State : Installed

Name  : OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0
State : NotPresent

> Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0
> Start-Service sshd
> Get-Service sshd
> Set-Service -Name sshd -StartupType 'Automatic'

After that, the port 22 need to be opened from firewall settings.

WSL

C:\Users\My Name>wsl --list --online
The following is a list of valid distributions that can be installed.
The default distribution is denoted by '*'.
Install using 'wsl --install -d <Distro>'.

  NAME                   FRIENDLY NAME
* Ubuntu                 Ubuntu
  Debian                 Debian GNU/Linux
  Ubuntu-18.04           Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
  Ubuntu-20.04           Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
  Ubuntu-22.04           Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
  openSUSE-Tumbleweed    openSUSE Tumbleweed

C:\Users\My Name>wsl --install
The requested operation requires elevation.
Installing: Virtual Machine Platform
Virtual Machine Platform has been installed.
Installing: Windows Subsystem for Linux
Windows Subsystem for Linux has been installed.
Installing: Ubuntu
Ubuntu has been installed.
The requested operation is successful. Changes will not be effective until the system is rebooted.

Applications Development

WIP⁶

PCIDRV⁷

References

Footnotes

1. https://www.ipi.wiki/products/ampere-altra-developer-platform ↩ ↩²

2. https://uupdump.net/known.php?q=windows+11+arm ↩

3. https://rufus.ie/en/ ↩

4. https://www.ipi.wiki/pages/comhpc-docs?page=index.html ↩

5. https://www.hanselman.com/blog/how-to-ssh-into-a-windows-10-machine-from-linux-or-windows-or-anywhere ↩

6. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/arm/dev-kit/ ↩

7. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/samples/microsoft/windows-driver-samples/pcidrv---wdf-driver-for-pci-device/ ↩