Project #3: LifeTracker Application

Overview

Data is the new oil - Clive Humbly

Everywhere around us is data waiting to be collected and utilized. In recent years, we've seen the rise of applications and services that exist to quantify concepts that were previously hard to capture. FitBit, Apple Health, and Woop are all $1 billion dollar services to offer tracking statistics about how we live our lives. The LifeTracker app you'll be building will do exactly that - track your life by quantifying your activity.

Goals

By the end of this project you will be able to...

• Develop a full-fledged authentication system using PostgreSQL and bcrypt
• Provide users with an Express API they can interact with to store user-related activity
• Construct multiple models that implement the core business logic associated with tracking users' lives
• Write SQL queries that aggregate user statistics and provide summary overviews about their activity
• Design a React frontend that interacts with the API using an API service class
• Build multiple pages and forms that communicate with the server using HTTP requests
• Employ useEffect and useState hooks to manage application state on the frontend
• Store user-authenticated JWT tokens in the browser's local storage for persisted authentication

Application Features

Core Features

• The Landing Page: Display a large hero image and a brief blurb on what this application is about. Note: This is the only page that unauthenticated users should be able to view.
• Registration Page: A form that allows the user to sign up with their email, password, username, first name, and last name.
• Login Page: A form that allows users to login with email and password.
• When a user first authenticates, they should be redirected to an authenticated view (i.e., the detailed activity page). When they sign out, all frontend data should be reset.
• The Nav Bar: Implement customized views for users who are logged in vs not logged in.
  • If the user is logged in, it should display a Sign Out button.
  • If no user is logged in, it should display Login and Register buttons.
  • Display a logo on the far left side, and contain links to the individual detailed activity pages.
• Users should have the ability to track at least one type of activity (i.e., nutrition, exercise, sleep, etc.). Each activity should be tracked on separate pages.
• Detailed Activity Page: Display and enter activities.
  • Display a feed of all previously tracked activities.
  • A form to enter relevant information (i.e., if tracking nutrition, the user can enter calories, timestamp, image, category, etc.).
  • Each activity tracked is given a unique ID for easy lookup.
• Deploy your website with Render. Check out our Render Deployment Guide for detailed instructions.

Deployed Site: https://life-tracker-backend-56nt.onrender.com

Stretch Features

Implement any of the following features to improve the application:

• Users have access to an overview Activity page that shows one summary statistic about each of the three types of activity tracked (i.e., total number of minutes exercised, average calories consumed, max hours of sleep in one night, etc.). These summary statistics should be created using the AVG, SUM, COUNT, MIN, MAX, functions in SQL queries and served from a dedicated API endpoint. Note: Summary statistics should not be calculated on the frontend.
• Each model (i.e nutrition, exercise, and sleep) should also implement a fetchById method that queries the database for a record by its id and only serves it to users who own that resource.
  • You should also create a new dynamic route on the frontend that displays detail about a single record. For instance, nutrition/detail/:id should show a page with all the information about a single nutrition item.
• Provide a dropdown that allows users to filter activity based on a certain attribute of any activity item. Example: filter exercise or nutrition by category, or filter sleep by the week/month it was recorded.
• Calculate aggregate statistics based on time periods - such as daily, weekly, monthly aggregates.
• Create a page that shows all other users that use the LifeTracker application and allow users to follow each other. You'll want to create a new table to store this data.
• Implement security middleware on the API that allows only authenticated users to access resources and allows users to only access resources about themselves.

Walkthrough Video

Building the app

The App Component

• Build the App component to:
  • Be wrapped by an element with the class name of app
  • Contain the routes for the app
  • Render the Navbar component on every route
  • Render a BrowserRouter component that contains a Routes component with the following routes:
    • / - Render the Landing component
    • /login - Render the LoginPage component
    • /register - Render the RegistrationPage component
    • /activity - Render the ActivityPage component only if the user is logged in, otherwise it renders the AccessForbidden component
    • /nutrition/* - Render the NutritionPagecomponent only if the user is logged in, otherwise it renders theAccessForbidden component
    • * - Anything else renders the NotFound component

Handling API Requests

• Create a constants.js file at the root of the project that exports the following variables:
  • PRODUCTION_API_BASE_URL - set to whatever URL the production API is deployed at
  • DEVELOPMENT_API_BASE_URL - set to "http://localhost:3001" for development
  • API_BASE_URL - If process.env.NODE_ENV is production, set this to PRODUCTION_API_BASE_URL, otherwise set it to DEVELOPMENT_API_BASE_URL
• Create a services directory at the root of the project.
• Inside the services directory, create an apiClient.js file
• In the apiClient.js file, import the axios package and the API_BASE_URL constant from the constants.js file.
• Define a new class in that file called ApiClient.
  • Give it a constructor function that accepts a single parameter - remoteHostUrl. The constructor should attach the remoteHostUrl parameter to a new instance with this.remoteHostUrl = remoteHostUrl. It should also set this.token = null.
  • Export default a new instance of the ApiClient class.
  • Add an additional method called setToken that accepts a single parameter - token and attaches it to the instance.
  • Create a utility method called request that uses axios to issue HTTP requests
  • Add a login method that uses the request method to send an HTTP request to the auth/login endpoint
  • Add a signup method that uses the request method to send an HTTP request to the auth/register endpoint
  • Add a fetchUserFromToken method that uses the request method to send an HTTP request to the auth/me endpoint
  • Add as many other methods as needed when making API requests.

Manage Authentication State

Update the App component to manage authentication state:

• Create a state variable called appState with a function called setAppState to update that state.
  • Initialize appState with an object containing properties like user, isAuthenticated, nutrition, sleep, and exercise.
• Implement a useEffect hook to fetch the user data.
  • Define an asynchronous function named fetchUser to fetch the user data.
    • Inside the fetchUser function, retrieve a token from localStorage using localStorage.getItem("lifetracker_token")
    • Call the setToken function from the apiClient.js file.
    • Make an API call to fetch user data using the fetchUser function from the apiClient.js file and extract the data from the response.
    • If data is not null and not undefined, update the component's state using the setAppState function. Pass a callback to setAppState that takes the previous state and returns a new state object.
    • In the callback, use the spread operator (...) to copy the previous state's properties to the new state object.
    • Assign the following properties from the data object to the new state object:
      • user
      • token
    • Assign at least one of the following properties from the data object to the new state object:
      • nutrition
      • exercise
      • sleep
    • Call the setAppState with a new state object to update the component's state.
    • Outside the fetchUser function, call fetchUser to trigger the initial data fetch when the component mounts.
    • The effect should be triggered whenever the value of appState.isAuthenticated changes.

Implement the Loading Component

• Build the Loading component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of loading
  • Render an element with the class name of loading-message that contains the text "Loading"

Implement the Navbar Component

• Build the Navbar component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by a nav element with the class name of navbar
  • Render the app's logo as an element with the class name of logo.
    • Inside that element should be a Link component from react-router-dom that navigates the user to the / route when clicked.
    • Inside that Link component should be the application's logo (text or image).
  • Render the NavLinks.jsx component with links to each of the resources and the /activity route.

Implement the NavLinks Component

• Build the NavLinks component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of nav-links
  • Render a Link element from react-router-dom for:
    • The /activity route with a label of Activity.
    • The /nutrition route with a label of Nutrition.
    • A route for any other resource page
  • If a valid user is logged in, it should render an element with the class name of logout-button that calls the logoutUser function when clicked.
    • The logoutUser function should remove the lifetracker_token from local storage and refresh the page so that all user data is reset.
  • If no valid user is logged in:
    • Render a Link element that redirects to the /login route with the label Login
    • Render a Link element that redirects to the /register route with the label Sign Up

Implement the LoginForm Component

• Build the LoginForm component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of login-form
  • Render an input element for the following fields:
    • email
    • password
  • Each input element in the form should have a class name of form-input and should have the following props set:
    • name - the name of the input field being rendered (email, password)
    • type - the type of the input element (text, email, number, etc.)
    • value - the current value of the input element
    • onChange - the onChange handler function
  • Validate the email field. If the user has entered text into the email field and it doesn't contain an @ symbol, then an error message should be displayed in an element with the class name of error indicating that the entry is not a valid email.
  • Gracefully handle errors:
    • If the user has attempted to login and gotten a 401 error, then an error message should be displayed in an element with the class name of error indicating that the email and password combination is incorrect.
    • If the user has attempted to login and gotten a 400 or 422 error, then an error message should be displayed in an element with the class name of error indicating what went wrong.
  • There should be a button element with the class name of submit-login:
    • It should contain the text "Login"
    • When clicked, it should call the loginUser function

Implement the LoginPage Component

• Build the LoginPage component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of login-page
  • Using either a custom hook, context, or manually set state, check to see if a user is already logged in
    • If the user is already logged in, redirect them to the /activity page.
    • If no user is authenticated, render the LoginForm component and pass it any props it needs.

Implement the RegistrationForm Component

• Build the RegistrationForm component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of registration-form
  • Should render an input element for the following fields:
    • email
    • username
    • firstName
    • lastName
    • password
    • passwordConfirm
  • Each input element in the form should have a class name of form-input and should have the following props set:
    • name - the name of the input field being rendered (email, username, firstName, lastName, password, passwordConfirm)
    • type - the type of the input element (text, email, number, etc.)
    • value - the current value of the input element
    • onChange - the onChange handler function
  • Validate the email field: If the user has entered text into the email field and it doesn't contain an @ symbol, then an error message should be displayed in an element with the class name of error indicating that the entry is not a valid email.
  • Validate the password and passwordConfirm fields: If the user has entered text into the password and passwordConfirm fields and they don't match, then a message should be displayed in an element with the className of error with a message that contains the text: passwords don't match
  • Gracefully handle errors:
    • If the user has attempted to login and gotten a 401 error, then the errors object should contain a form property that contains a message indicating that the email and password combination is incorrect.
    • If the user has attempted to login and gotten a 400 or 422 error, then the errors object should contain a form property that contains a message indicating what went wrong.
  • There should be a button element with the className of submit-registration:
    • It should contain the text "Create Account"
    • When clicked, it should call the signupUser function

Implement the RegistrationPage component

• Build the RegistrationPage component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of registration-page
  • Using either a custom hook, context, or manually handled state, check to see if a user is already logged in
    • If the user is already logged in, it should redirect them to the /activity page
    • If no user is authenticated, it should render the RegistrationForm component and pass it any props it needs

Implement the LandingPage Component

• Build the LandingPage component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of landing-page
  • Render an element with the class name of hero
    • Inside it, display a large hero image using an img element with the class name of hero-img
    • Render a brief blurb on what this application is about inside an element with the class name of cta
  • Allow unauthenticated access

Implement the ActivityPage Component

• Build the ActivityPage component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of activity-page
  • Take the appState and setAppState as props and extract all the necessary data from it.
  • If the isProcessing flag is true, it should render the Loading component.
  • If the isProcessing flag is false, it should render the ActivityFeed component and pass it the appropriate props.

Implement the ActivityFeed Component

• Build the ActivityFeed component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of activity-feed
  • Accept at least the following props:
    • totalCaloriesPerDay - an array of items containing summary data about the total calories consumed per day
    • avgCaloriesPerCategory - an array of items containing summary data about the average calories consumed per category
    • Any other props as needed
  • Inside an element with the class name of per-category, it should:
    • Render the text: "Average Calories Per Category inside an h4 element
    • Take the first 6 or less items in the avgCaloriesPerCategory array and render a SummaryStat component for each item.
      • Pass the calories rounded down to one decimal place as the stat prop
      • Pass the string of calories as the label prop
      • Pass the category as the substat prop
  • Inside an element with the class name of per-day, it should:
    • Render the text: "Total Calories Per Day inside an h4 element
    • For each item in the totalCaloriesPerDay array, render a SummaryStat component.
      • Pass the calories rounded down to the nearest whole number as the stat prop
      • Pass the string of calories as the label prop
      • Pass the date in the format dd/mm/yyyy - example: 07/02/2022 - as the substat prop

Implement the SummaryStat Component

• Build the SummaryStat component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of summary-stat
  • Accept at least the following props:
    • stat - the primary statistic to display
    • label - the unit label assigned to the statistic
    • substat - a secondary statistic related to the primary statistic
  • Render the stat prop inside an element with the class name of primary-statistic
  • Render the label prop inside an element with the class name of stat-label
  • Render the substat prop inside an element with the class name of secondary-statistic

Implement the NutritionPage Component

• Build the NutritionPage component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of nutrition-page
  • Take the appState and setAppState as props and extract all the necessary data from it.
  • Render a nested Routes component from react-router-dom.
    • There should be multiple Route components:
      • The /nutrition route should render the NutritionOverview component
      • The /nutrition/create route should render the NutritionNew component
      • The /nutrition/id/:nutritionId should render the NutritionDetail component
      • Any other route should render the NotFound component

Implement the NutritionOverview Component

• Build the NutritionOverview component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of nutrition-overview
  • Take the appState and setAppState as props and extract all the necessary data from it.
    • If the error state variable has a valid string in it, it should render the error message inside an element with the class name of error
    • If isLoading is true, it should render the Loading component
    • If isLoading is false, it should render the NutritionFeed component and pass it the appropriate props
  • Near the top of the component, it should render a Link component that directs to the /nutrition/create route and contains the text: "Record Nutrition"

Implement the NutritionFeed Component

• Build the NutritionFeed component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of nutrition-feed
  • Receive at least the following props:
    • nutritions - an array of nutrition items
  • If the nutritions array has no items in it, render an empty message that says Nothing here yet inside an element with the class name of empty-message
  • If the nutritions array does have items in it:
    • For each item in the nutritions array, it should render a NutritionCard component

Implement the NutritionNew Component

• Build the NutritionNew component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of nutrition-new
  • Render the NutritionForm component and pass it the appropriate props

Implement the NutritionForm Component

• Build the NutritionForm component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of nutrition-form
  • Render an input element for the following fields:
    • name - name of the nutrition item (defaults to an empty string)
    • calories - number of calories in the nutrition item (defaults to 1)
    • imageUrl - the url of an image to show for this nutrition item (defaults to an empty string)
    • category - the category that this nutrition item belongs to, like fruit, meat, soda, snack, nuts, etc. (defaults to an empty string)
  • Each input element in the form should have a class name of form-input and should have the following props set:
    • name - the name of the input field being rendered (name, calories, imageUrl, category)
    • type - the type of the input element (text, email, number, etc.)
    • value - the current value of the input element
    • onChange - the onChange handler function
  • Gracefully handle errors:
    • If any of the required fields are left blank, there should be an error message inside of an element with the class name of error indicating which fields are required.
    • If the user has attempted to create a nutrition entry and gotten a 400 or 422 error, then that message should be displayed inside an element with the class name of error
  • There should be a button element with the class name of submit-nutrition:
    • Contain the text "Save"
    • When clicked, it should call a function that creates a new nutrition entry
  • After the form has been successfully submitted:
    • Ensure that the new nutrition entry is stored in the nutrition context's nutritions array and is displayed in the NutritionFeed component
    • Fetch the activity data again so that new summary stats will be calculated

Implement the NutritionDetail Component

• Build the NutritionDetail.jsx component to:
  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of nutrition-detail
  • Leverage the useParams hook from react-router-dom to extract the nutritionId param from the URL
  • When the component is mounted to the screen...
    • It should make a GET request to the /nutrition/:nutritionId endpoint with the axios.get method.
    • The :nutritionId part of the request should be replaced with the nutritionId pulled from the URL.
    • When the initial request is loading, it should render an h1 element with the class name of loading and contain the text "Loading..."
    • Store the nutrition received by the request in state and then render a NutritionCard component for that nutrition.
    • If no nutrition is found with that id, it should render the NotFound component

Implement the NutritionCard Component

• Build the NutritionCard component to:

  • Render JSX that is wrapped by an element with the class name of nutrition-card

  • Accept at least the following props:

    • nutrition - should be a nutrition entry object containing the following attributes:
      • imageUrl - (not required)
      • name - (required)
      • calories - (required)
      • category - (required)
      • createdAt - (required)

  • Render the name of the nutrition entry inside an element with the class name of nutrition-name

  • If the nutrition entry has a valid imageUrl attribute, render an img element with the class name of nutrition-image and use that imageUrl as its src

  • Render the calories attribute of the nutrition entry inside an element with the class name of nutrition-calories

  • Render the category attribute of the nutrition entry inside an element with the class name of nutrition-category

  • Render the createdAt attribute of the nutrition entry in the format dd/mm/yyyy - example: 07/02/2022 - inside an element with the class name of nutrition-date.

  • DO THE SAME FOR ANY OTHER RESOURCE THAT IS IN THE APPLICATION

    • Choose whatever resources you want!

Implement the ProtectedRoute Component

• Build the ProtectedRoute component to:
  • Take the appState and setAppState as props and extract all the necessary data from it.
  • Accept a component as the element prop and render that component.
  • If the application isn't currently loading and no user is found, render the LoginPage component instead of rendering the route the user intended to go to. This way, we can ensure that only authenticated users can access the provided component.
  • Any unauthenticated user should be shown the LoginPage component with a message indicating that they need to authenticate first
  • Update the LoginPage component so that it accepts a message prop that is displayed in the login form - if it exists.
  • Make sure to protect the entire ActivityPage component route and the NutritionPage component route (along with any other private resource pages). Don't protect the LandingPage component or the LoginPage and RegistrationPage components, as they should be public.

API

Here are the pieces of functionality that should be built out for the backend:

• Project setup
  • First things first, bootstrap the Express application with some essential files and starter code
  • Create a .gitignore file, an app.js file, an app.test.js file, and a server.js file
  • Make sure node_modules are added to the .gitignore file.
  • Add dependencies for express@next, morgan, cors, and nodemon
  • Install new dependencies for bcrypt, jsonwebtoken, colors, dotenv, pg
  • Commit all work to git
  • Add a .env file to the root of the repo and include the following environment variables
    • PORT (default to 3001)
    • SECRET_KEY (set to a long random string)
    • BCRYPT_WORK_FACTOR (set to 13)
    • DATABASE_USER
    • DATABASE_PASS
    • DATABASE_HOST
    • DATABASE_PORT
    • DATABASE_NAME - (set to lifetracker)
    • DATABASE_TEST_NAME - (set to lifetracker_test)
  • Add a config.test.js file
    • Write tests that check to make sure that:
      • process.env.NODE_ENV is set to test when the test suite is run
      • There is an IS_TESTING variable that is exported, which should only be true if process.env.NODE_ENV is set to test
    • Write tests to ensure that certain environment variables are exported from the config.js file and can be imported:
      • PORT
      • SECRET_KEY
      • BCRYPT_WORK_FACTOR
      • IS_TESTING
    • Write tests to ensure that a getDatabaseUri function is exported from the config.js file
      • The getDatabaseUri function should:
        • Check to see if a valid process.env.DATABASE_URL environment variable exists, and return that if it does.
        • When IS_TESTING is true, the getDatabaseUri function should use the test database
        • Otherwise, it should combine the proper database environment variables into a database connection string if no process.env.DATABASE_URL environment variable exists
  • Add a config.js file
    • Use the dotenv package to parse the environment variables from the .env file.
    • Export each of the environment variables from the config.js file until the tests pass
    • Write a getDatabaseUri function so that all the tests pass
  • Commit all work to git
  • The project should now be ready to go!
• PostgreSQL database
  • Time bring in a PostgreSQL database client as the application's persistence layer
  • Make sure the PostgreSQL server is running
  • Create two files at the root of the project:
    • lifetracker-schema.sql
      • This script should:
        • Create a users table with the following columns:
          • id
          • username
          • password
          • first_name
          • last_name
          • email
          • created_at
          • updated_at
        • Create a nutrition table with the following columns:
          • id
          • name
          • category
          • calories
          • image_url
          • user_id
          • created_at
        • Any other tables that the application might depend on
    • lifetracker.sql
      • This script should:
        • 1. Let the user know that they're about to delete the lifetracker database and prompt them to confirm that is what they want.
        • 2. Drop the lifetracker database and then create a new lifetracker database, before connecting to the lifetracker database.
        • 3. It should then run the lifetracker-schema.sql file.
        • Follow the exact same steps for 1, 2, and 3, but with the lifetracker_test database.
  • Setup the database by running psql -f lifetracker.sql
  • Create a new file at the root of the project called db.js. In that file:
    • Import the getDatabaseUri function from the config.js file.
    • Initialize a new PostgreSQL client with the pg package and connect to PostgreSQL using any necessary config variables.
    • Connect to PostgreSQL and log a message to the terminal on success or failure.
    • Export the connected database client
  • Commit all work to git
  • A database client is now ready to be used!
• Server
  • Build out a bare-bones Express server with a health check route and an adequate middleware pipeline.
  • Create a utils directory
    • In the utils directory, create an errors.js file.
    • Create error classes inside the file that will be used throughout the app.
  • In the app.test.js file, write tests that:
    • Ensure that the Express application responds to GET requests to the / route with a JSON object of { "ping": "pong" }
    • Check that middleware like morgan and cors exist, along with the JSON body-parser middleware from express
    • Include an afterAll hook that calls await db.end() so that any open database connections close when all the tests are finished.
  • Add code to the app.js and server.js file to get a simple server running along with responding to GET requests to the / route
  • Create error classes inside the utils/errors.js file.
  • Add 404 and generic error handler middleware to the app.js file.
  • In the server.js file:
    • Import the Express app and the config.js file
    • Have the app listen on the port specified by config.PORT.
  • Commit all work to git
  • Test out the fancy new Express server by starting it up in a new terminal window!
• Common Test Configuration
  • It would probably be helpful to create some common test functions that can be used throughout the application's testing suite.
  • Create a new directory called tests
  • Now, touch a new file at tests/common.js
    • In that file:
      • Import the db client
      • Create and export four functions:
        • commonBeforeAll
          • Actions that should happen before any tests in a particular file run.
          • This should include things like executing queries that delete all items from any tables in the test database that might have been added during testing
        • commonBeforeEach
          • Actions that should happen before any single test in a particular file runs.
          • This should include things like starting a database transaction
        • commonAfterEach
          • Actions that should happen after any single test in a particular file runs.
          • This should include things like rolling back any database actions before they're committed
        • commonAfterAll
          • Actions that should occur after all tests in a particular file run.
          • This should include things like ending any open database client connections
  • Commit all work to git
• Authentication
  • Go ahead and build out a full-fledged authentication flow using PostgreSQL, bcrypt, and JSON Web Tokens. For it all to work, we'll need a User model, a security middleware, some tokens utility functions, and the appropriate auth routes.
  • Add new directories for models, routes, and middleware
  • The User model
    • In the models directory, create two new files: models/user.js and models/user.test.js
      • The User model should have at least the following static methods:
        • login
        • register
        • fetchUserByEmail
    • In the models/user.test.js file:
      • Test the login method. Write test cases for:
        • User can login successfully with proper credentials
        • Unknown email throws UnauthorizedError
        • Invalid credentials throws UnauthorizedError
      • Test the register method. Write test cases for:
        • User can successfully register with proper credentials
        • Registering with duplicate email throws BadRequestError
        • Registering with duplicate username throws BadRequestError
        • Registering with invalid email throws BadRequestError
      • Test the fetchUserByEmail method:. Write test cases for:
        • A valid email returns a user from the database
        • Invalid emails are handled correctly
      • It will probably be important to use the beforeAll, afterAll, beforeEach, and afterEach hooks to add and delete users from the database before running the tests
    • In the models/user.js file:
      • Import the bcrypt package, the db client, and the app config.
      • Implement the features outlined in the tests until they're all passing.
  • Commit all work to git
  • The tokens utility functions
    • In the utils directory, create two new files: utils/tokens.js and utils/tokens.test.js
      • At the bare minimum, two functions will be needed:
        • One that accepts a JSON payload as an argument and converts it into a JWT
        • One that accepts a JWT as an argument, validates it, and returns the JSON payload encoded within - if it's valid
    • In the utils/tokens.test.js file:
      • Write test cases for:
        • Can create valid JWT tokens for user payloads
        • Can extract a payload from a valid JWT with the correct secret
        • No payload gets returned when invalid tokens are parsed
    • In the utils/tokens.js file:
      • Implement the features outlined in the tests until they're all passing
  • Commit all work to git
  • The security middleware
    • In the middleware directory, create two new files: middleware/security.js and middleware/security.test.js
      • One middleware will be responsible for extracting a user from a valid JWT in the request:
        • Checking the Authentication header of each request for the existence of a JWT.
        • If one exists, it should extract the token, validate it, extract the encoded JSON payload, and attach it to the response's locals property
      • One middleware will be responsible for ensuring that an authenticated user exists:
        • Checking that a valid user exists on the response's locals property
        • If one does, the middleware should simply call next
        • If no valid user exists, it should throw an UnauthorizedError
    • In the middleware/security.test.js file:
      • Test the Authentication header parsing middleware
        • Write test cases for:
          • Extracts user from valid JWT in Authentication header
          • No user is stored when no valid JWT exists in the Authentication header
          • No user is stored when an invalid JWT is in the Authentication header
      • Test the middleware that ensures an authenticated user exists
        • Write test cases for:
          • Doesn't throw an error when a valid user is present
          • Throws an UnauthorizedError when no valid user is present
    • In the middleware/security.js file:
      • Implement the features outlined in the tests until they're all passing
    • In the app.js file, add the Authentication header parsing middleware to the Express app's middleware pipeline
  • Commit all work to git
  • The /auth routes
    • In the routes directory, create two new files: routes/auth.js and routes/auth.test.js
      • A new Express router should be created. It should handle:
        • A GET request to the /me endpoint
          • It should send a JSON response back to the client with the user info like so: { "user": { "email": "[email protected]", ... } }
        • A POST request to the /login endpoint
          • It should accept a request body with email and password keys
          • It should send a JSON response back to the client with a new JWT and user info like so: { "token": "e2c2...", "user": { "email": "[email protected]", ... } }
        • A POST request to the /register endpoint
          • It should accept a request body with email, username, firstName, lastName, and password keys
          • It should send a JSON response back to the client with a 201 status code, along with a new JWT and user info like so: { "token": "e2c2...", "user": { "email": "[email protected]", ... } }
      • It should be mounted at the /auth endpoint in the app.js file
    • In the routes/auth.test.js file:
      • Test the POST /auth/login endpoint
        • Write test cases for:
          • Allows user to register with valid credentials and responds with JSON containing a valid token and user in the "token" and "user" fields
          • Throws UnauthorizedError when user doesn't exist in database
          • Throws UnauthorizedError when user provides wrong password
          • Throws BadRequestError when user doesn't provide password
          • Throws BadRequestError when user doesn't provide email
      • Test the POST /auth/register endpoint
        • Write test cases for:
          • Allows user to login successfully with valid credentials and responds with a 201 status code, along with JSON containing a valid token and user in the "token" and "user" fields
          • Throws BadRequestError when user doesn't provide one of the required fields
          • Throws BadRequestError when user provides email that already exists
          • Throws BadRequestError when user provides username that already exists
      • Test the POST /auth/me endpoint
        • Write test cases for:
          • Provides the user with their user info when a valid JWT is present in the Authentication header of the request
          • Throws an UnauthorizedError when no valid user is logged in
    • In the routes/auth.js file:
      • Create a new Express router
      • Implement the features outlined in the tests until they're all passing
    • In the app.js file:
    • Mount the router at the /auth endpoint
  • Commit all work to git
  • There should now be a full-fledged authentication system in place!
• Resources and Permissions
  • Next, implement the functionality to allow users to save instances of things they've drank/eaten, so that they can track their own nutrition data! Also make sure users can only access the data that they themselves have created. No other user should be able to see any data owned by another user!
  • The Nutrition model
    • In the models directory, create two new files: models/nutrition.js and models/nutrition.test.js
      • The Nutrition model should have at least the following static methods:
        • createNutrition
          • Should insert a new nutrition instance into the database when values are supplied for all of the required fields: "name", "category", "calories", and "image_url". The quantity field should default to 1.
          • The new nutrition instance should have its user_id field set to the id of the authenticated user
          • Should throw a BadRequestError (400 status code) or UnprocessableEntityError (422 status code) when any of those values are not supplied.
        • fetchNutritionById
          • When supplied with a valid id, fetches the a nutrition instance from the database that matches that id.
          • If no nutrition instance matches that id, throws a NotFoundError (404 status code)
        • listNutritionForUser
          • Should list all nutrition instances in the database that are owned by a particular user
    • In the models/nutrition.test.js file:
      • Test the createNutrition method. Write test cases for:
        • A user can create a nutrition instance when they supply the appropriate values
        • The appropriate error is thrown when any of the provided errors are invalid
        • The user that creates the nutrition instance now owns that nutrition instance
      • Test the fetchNutritionById method. Write test cases for:
        • Fetches the nutrition instance that matches the supplied id
        • Throws a NotFoundError when no nutrition instances matches the supplied id
      • Test the listNutritionForUser method. Write test cases for:
        • Fetches all nutrition instances belonging to a particular user
        • Doesn't include any nutrition instances belonging to a different user
        • Returns an empty array if no nutrition instances are found in the database that belong to that user
    • In the models/nutrition.js file:
      • Implement the features outlined in the tests until they're all passing
    • Commit all work to git
  • The permissions middleware
    • In the middleware directory, create two new files: middleware/permissions.js and middleware/permissions.test.js
      • Though more functions will need to be added here as the number of resources grows, for now only 1 function needs to be created.
      • The authedUserOwnsNutrition middleware function should:
        • Probably be called after the requireAuthenticatedUser security middleware in any route's middleware pipeline
        • Extract a parameter from the request endpoint that corresponds to the id of the nutrition instance
        • Query the database for that nutrition instance
        • Check that it is owned by the authenticated user
          • If it doesn't, it should throw a ForbiddenError (403 status code)
          • If the nutrition instance does belong to the authenticated user, it should attach it to the locals property of the response as its nutrition property so that it doesn't need to be fetched again by the database (this isn't required, but is probably a good idea).
    • In the middleware/permissions.test.js file:
      • Test the authedUserOwnsNutrition middleware function
        • Write test cases for:
          • Throws error if authenticated user doesn't own nutrition
          • Throws NotFoundError if id of nutrition isn't found in database
          • Doesn't throw error if authenticated user is nutrition owner
          • (OPTIONAL) Attaches the nutrition to the locals property of the response when the user owns the nutrition instance
    • In the middleware/permissions.js file:
      • Implement the features outlined in the tests until they're all passing
    • Commit all work to git
  • The /nutrition routes
    • In the routes directory, create two new files: routes/nutrition.js and routes/nutrition.test.js
      • A new Express router should be created that will be mounted at the /nutrition endpoint. It should handle:
        • GET requests to the / endpoint
          • It should send a JSON response back to the client with all of the user-owned nutrition instances in an array like so: { "nutritions": [...] }
        • POST requests to the / endpoint
          • It should accept a request body with one nutrition key containing an object with all the attributes of the nutrition entry
          • It should send a JSON response back to the client with a 201 status code, and the newly created nutrition instance like so: { "nutrition": { ... } }
        • GET requests to the /:nutritionId endpoint
          • It should send a JSON response back to the client with the nutrition instance that matches the :nutritionId parameter like so: { "nutrition": { ... } }
    • In the routes/nutrition.test.js file:
      • Test the GET /nutrition endpoint
        • Write test cases for:
          • Returns an array of all nutrition entries belonging to the user
          • Other user's entries aren't included in the nutritions array
          • Throws UnauthorizedError if no valid user is logged in
      • Test the POST /nutrition endpoint
        • Write test cases for:
          • Authenticated users can create a new nutrition entry when providing values for all the required fields
          • The new nutrition entry belongs to the user that created it
          • Throws a BadRequestError if any of the required fields are missing
          • Throws an UnauthorizedError if no valid user is logged in
      • Test the GET /nutrition/:nutritionId endpoint
        • Write test cases for:
          • Nutrition owner can fetch a nutrition entry when providing a valid id
          • Throws a 403 ForbiddenError if a user tries to access a nutrition instance that does not belong to them
          • Throws a 404 NotFoundError when the nutritionId does not match any nutrition in the database
          • Throws a 401 UnauthorizedError if no valid user is logged in
    • In the routes/nutrition.js file:
      • Implement the features outlined in the tests until they're all passing
  • Commit all work to git
• Additional Resources
  • Create model and routes files for 1-2 additional resources that your app will track (sleep, exercise, steps, floors climbed, meditation, mood, heartrate, music practice, etc.)
  • Commit all work to git
• Summary Statistics
  • One of the last features of the API will be a model that calculates summary statistic on the different resources that users are tracking. This includes statistics like average calories per day, or max calories per category. To do that, we'll create a new Activity model and an activity route that will be used to populate the frontend.
  • The Activity model
    • In the models directory, create two new files: models/Activity.js and models/Activity.test.js
      • The Activity model should have at least the following static methods:
        • calculateDailyCaloriesSummaryStats
          • Should execute a SQL query that calculates at least the total calories consumed per day (aliased as totalCaloriesPerDay), along with the day (aliased as date).
          • The query should return a row for each day containing the total calories consumed per day, and the average caloric content per nutrition entry.
            • For instance, here's a set of 7 simplified nutrition item entries (actual data will look different):
              • 1. { id: 1, user_id: 1, calories: 100, category: "candy", created_at: "12-22-2022" }
              • 2. { id: 2, user_id: 1, calories: 200, category: "drink", created_at: "12-22-2022" }
              • 3. { id: 3, user_id: 1, calories: 200, category: "fruit", created_at: "12-23-2022" }
              • 4. { id: 4, user_id: 1, calories: 400, category: "dairy", created_at: "12-23-2022" }
              • 5. { id: 5, user_id: 1, calories: 400, category: "drink", created_at: "12-23-2022" }
              • 6. { id: 6, user_id: 1, calories: 700, category: "fruit", created_at: "12-24-2022" }
              • 7. { id: 7, user_id: 1, calories: 100, category: "fruit", created_at: "12-24-2022" }
            • The summary stats returned from the query should look like this:
              • 1. { date: "12-22-2022", totalCaloriesPerDay: 300 }
              • 2. { date: "12-23-2022", totalCaloriesPerDay: 1000 }
              • 3. { date: "12-24-2022", totalCaloriesPerDay: 800 }
        • calculatePerCategoryCaloriesSummaryStats
          • Should execute a SQL query that calculates at least the average calories consumed per category (aliased as avgCaloriesPerCategory and rounded down to one decimal place), along with the category (aliased as category).
          • The query should return a row for each day containing the total calories consumed per day, and the average caloric content per nutrition entry.
            • For instance, here's a set of 7 simplified nutrition item entries (actual data will look different):
              • 1. { id: 1, user_id: 1, calories: 100, category: "candy", created_at: "12-22-2022" }
              • 2. { id: 2, user_id: 1, calories: 200, category: "drink", created_at: "12-22-2022" }
              • 3. { id: 3, user_id: 1, calories: 200, category: "fruit", created_at: "12-23-2022" }
              • 4. { id: 4, user_id: 1, calories: 400, category: "dairy", created_at: "12-23-2022" }
              • 5. { id: 5, user_id: 1, calories: 400, category: "drink", created_at: "12-23-2022" }
              • 6. { id: 6, user_id: 1, calories: 700, category: "fruit", created_at: "12-24-2022" }
              • 7. { id: 7, user_id: 1, calories: 100, category: "fruit", created_at: "12-24-2022" }
            • The summary stats returned from the query should look like this:
              • 1. { category: "candy", avgCaloriesPerCategory: 100.0 }
              • 2. { category: "drink", avgCaloriesPerCategory: 300.0 }
              • 3. { category: "fruit", avgCaloriesPerCategory: 266.6 }
              • 4. { category: "dairy", avgCaloriesPerCategory: 400.0 }
    • In the models/Activity.test.js file:
      • Test the calculateDailyCaloriesSummaryStats method. Write test cases for:
        • The calculateDailyCaloriesSummaryStats method correctly calculates summary statistics per day
        • Only uses the nutrition entries belonging to the user when calculating summary statistics
        • Returns an empty array when the user has no nutrition entries
      • Test the calculatePerCategoryCaloriesSummaryStats method. Write test cases for:
        • The calculatePerCategoryCaloriesSummaryStats method correctly calculates average calories per category summary statistics
        • Only uses the nutrition entries belonging to the user when calculating summary statistics
        • Returns an empty array when the user has no nutrition entries
    • In the models/Activity.js file:
      • Implement the features outlined in the tests until they're all passing
    • Commit all work to git
  • The /activity routes
    • In the routes directory, create two new files: routes/activity.js and routes/activity.test.js
      • A new Express router should be created that will be mounted at the /activity endpoint. It should handle:
        • GET requests to the / endpoint
          • It should send a JSON response back to the client with summary stats for each resource in the following format:
            • { "nutrition": { "calories": { "perDay": [...], "perCategory": [...] }, ...anyOtherStats }, ...statsForOtherResources }
    • In the routes/activity.test.js file:
      • Test the GET /activity endpoint
        • Write test cases for:
          • Provides a JSON response containing arrays of summary stats for resources, attributes, and metrics
          • Correctly calculates totalCaloriesPerDay for a user's nutrition entries
          • Correctly calculates avgCaloriesPerCategory for a user's nutrition entries
          • Only returns summary stats based on entries that the currently authenticated user owns
          • Throws an UnauthenticatedError if no valid user is logged in
    • In the routes/activity.js file:
      • Implement the features outlined in the tests until they're all passing
  • Commit all work to git