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tei_mei.xml
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tei_mei.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?oxygen RNGSchema="tei_odds.rng" type="xml"?>
<TEI xml:lang="en" xmlns:a="http://relaxng.org/ns/compatibility/annotations/1.0"
xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"
xmlns:rng="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"
xmlns:mei="http://www.music-encoding.org/ns/mei"
xmlns:twm="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/teiWithMusic"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>TEI with Music Notation</title>
<author>Raffaele Viglianti, James Cummings, Perry Roland</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>TEI Special Interest Group in Music</authority>
<availability>
<p><hi>Copyright 2010 TEI Consortium.</hi></p>
<p>This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.</p>
<p>This material is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but <emph>without any warranty</emph>; without even the implied
warranty of <emph>merchantability</emph> or <emph>fitness for a
particular purpose.</emph> See the GNU General Public
License for more details.</p>
<p>A copy of the GNU General Public License is stored on the TEI web
site along with this file; you can also contact the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307, USA, for a copy.</p>
<p>Copyright (c) 2010 by the Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)
Council.</p>
<p>Licensed under the Educational Community License, Version
2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
License at http://www.osedu.org/licenses/ECL-2.0.</p>
<p>Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on
an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.</p>
<p>This is a derivative work based on earlier versions of the
schema copyright (c) 2001-2006 Perry Roland and the Rector
and Visitors of the University of Virginia; licensed under
the Educational Community License version 1.0.</p>
</availability>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<p>Born digital</p>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<front>
<divGen type="toc"/>
<pb/>
<div xml:id="intro">
<head>TEI with Music Notation</head>
<div xml:id="twm01-intro">
<p>This webspace hosts the results of the work of some members of the
TEI Music SIG.</p>
<p>As part of a project funded by the TEI, the group focused on using
TEI's One Document Does it all (ODD) vocabulary to <hi rend="bold"
>connect the TEI to music encoding formats</hi>. Specifically,
first efforts concentrated on the <ref
target="http://www.music-encoding.org">Music Encoding
Initiative</ref> (MEI) format. Therefore, these guidelines
describe a TEI-with-MEI customisation that uses the TEI element
<gi>notatedMusic</gi> to embed encoded music
notation.</p>
<p>The examples in these guidelines present typical occurrences of
music within written text. They are taken from a handful of documents that
we believe demonstrate the need for the inclusion of encoded music
notation within TEI-encoded texts. See the <ref target="twm05.4-bibliography" type="internal">bibliography</ref> for more information.</p>
<p>All the music examples are encoded using MEI; however, it is
possible to use <gi>notatedMusic</gi> to link to external
representations of music in any other format. See <ref target="tmw05-notatedMusic" type="internal">below</ref> for an example.</p>
<p>These guidelines do not claim to be comprehensive; however, we
present them with the hope of encouraging further testing,
improvement, and widespread use of this customisation.</p>
<p>Additional participants in the SIG's work are welcomed. The <ref
target="http://listserv.brown.edu/archives/cgi-bin/wa?A0=TEI-MUSIC-SIG"
>Music SIG mailing list</ref> is the best place to begin.</p>
</div>
<div xml:id="twm02-download">
<head>Download</head>
<p>The downloadable package contains:</p>
<list type="bulleted">
<item>ODD definition of MEI 2012 adapted to avoid conflicts with TEI elements (the resulting schema is not affected)</item>
<item>TEI-with-MEI customisation (ODD with documentation, RelaxNG)</item>
<item>TEI Lite with MEI for Common Music Notation (ODD, RelaxNG)</item>
<item>TEI Lite with MEI for Mensural Notation (ODD, RelaxNG)</item>
<item>TEI Lite with MEI for Neume Notation (ODD, RelaxNG)</item>
<item>Editorial Pack: TEI with MEI for Common Music Notation. Both with editorial and transcriptional modules integrated (ODD, RelaxNG)</item>
<item>Editorial Pack: TEI with MEI for Mensural Notation. Both with editorial and transcriptional modules integrated (ODD, RelaxNG)</item>
<item>Editorial Pack: TEI with MEI for Neume Notation. Both with editorial and transcriptional modules integrated (ODD, RelaxNG)</item>
</list>
<p>These files are distributed under the license included therein and
come with no warranty whatsoever.</p>
<p>Other customizations and combinations are possible. If you would like to see other customizations on this webspace, please get in touch with the Music SIG. Or <ref target="https://github.com/TEI-Music-SIG/tei-mei/">fork these ODDs on GitHub.</ref></p>
<divGen xml:id="download_button"/>
</div>
<div xml:id="tmw03-roma">
<head>Generating schemas from the ODD files</head>
<p>Because TEI and MEI sources are defined by two different ODDs, the
current <ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/Roma/">Roma
webservice</ref> cannot generate schemas using this customization.
It is therefore necessary to use the UNIX command-line version of
Roma (available on TEI's SourceForge), following these
instructions:</p>
<list>
<item>Check out and install TEI's stylesheets and source from <ref
target="https://sourceforge.net/scm/?type=svn&group_id=106328"
>SourceForge</ref></item>
<item>Copy mei-source.xml in Roma's folder, or change the @source
attributes in tei-with-mei.xml on the references to MEI modules to
point to the path of mei-source.xml in your system. For example:
</item>
</list>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><moduleRef key="mei" source="/path/to/mei-source.xml"/>
<moduleRef key="MEI.analysis" source="/path/to/mei-source.xml"/>
<moduleRef key="MEI.cmn" source="/path/to/mei-source.xml"/>
etc.</egXML>
<list>
<item>Run Roma on the customisation tei_mei.xml:</item>
</list>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve">$ roma2.sh /path/to/tei_mei.xml</egXML>
</div>
<div xml:id="tmw04-members">
<head>Working Group</head>
<p>Members of the working group:</p>
<list>
<item>Raffaele Viglianti</item>
<item>Perry Roland</item>
<item>Johannes Kepper</item>
<item>James Cummings</item>
<item>Daniel Röwenstrunk</item>
</list>
<p>Thanks also to:</p>
<list>
<item>Joachim Veit</item>
<item>Benjamin Bohl</item>
<item>Maja Hartwig</item>
<item>Laurent Pugin</item>
<item>Andrew Hankinson</item>
</list>
</div>
</div>
</front>
<body>
<div xml:id="tmw05-notatedMusic">
<head>Notated music in written text</head>
<p>Music, like many other art forms, is often mentioned, discussed and
described in writings of various kinds. This applies to both
historical and contemporary documents, even though the way of notating
music has changed considerably in western history. In most cases,
music notation enters the text flow in a way similar to figures,
images or graphs. On other occasions, elements of music notation are
treated as inline characters in running text.</p>
<p>The TEI element <gi>notatedMusic</gi> provides way of signalling the presence of music
notation in text, but defer to other representations to describe the
music notation itself, which is not covered by TEI guidelines. In
fact, several commercial, academic and standard bodies have developed
digital representations of music notation and, given the topic's
complexity, these representations often focus on different aspects and
adopt different methodologies. Therefore, these guidelines define a
container element to encode the occurrence of music notation and allow
linking to the data format preferred by the encoder.</p>
<p>The TEI-with-MEI described with these
guidelines adds to TEI elements from the <ref
target="http://www.music-encoding.org/">Music Encoding
Initiative</ref> (MEI) data format, which is modelled on the TEI,
aims to be independent from rendering software, and provides encoding
methods for various research approaches in musicology. MEI has been
purposely redefined in ODD to allow maximal flexibility when combined
with TEI; this is, in fact, also a customisation of MEI meant to
accommodate specific issues in representing occurrences of music
within the text flow.</p>
<p>
<hi rend="bold">All MEI elements in the examples have the prefix mei:,
while TEI elements have no prefix.</hi>
</p>
<p>The element <gi>notatedMusic</gi>
is explained in detail in chapter 14 <ref href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/FT.html#FTNM">Tables,
Formulæ, Graphics and Notated Music</ref> of the TEI guidelines. Here we give a brief summary.
</p>
<list rend="specList">
<item>
<label><gi>notatedMusic</gi></label> groups elements representing
or containing music notation.</item>
<item>
<label><ptr></label> can be used to indicate the location of a
representation of the music notation. <list type="specDesc">
<item><label>@mimeType</label> supplies the MIME type of the data
format, when available.</item>
</list>
</item>
<item>
<label><desc></label> can be used to give a prose description
of the notated music.</item>
<item>
<label><graphic></label> can be used to indicate the location
of a graphical representation of the music notation.</item>
</list>
<p>The <gi>notatedMusic</gi> element may contain notated music, a
textual description and various representations of the music notation
in different media. An external representation of the notated music is
specified using the <gi>ptr</gi> element, whose @target attribute
provides its electronically-accessible location. The attribute
@mimeType supplies the
MIME type of the data format when available. For example:</p>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><notatedMusic>
<ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
</notatedMusic></egXML>
<p>A textual description of the notation can be provided within the
element <gi>desc</gi>, or it is possible to give it a
<gi>label</gi>. For example:</p>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><notatedMusic>
<ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
<desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic></egXML>
<p>It is possible to link to any kind of music notation data format.
However, when a MIME type is not available, it is recommended to at
least specify the format in the description. For example:</p>
<p>MIME type available</p>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><notatedMusic>
<ptr target="bar1.xml" mimeType="application/vnd.recordare.musicxml"/>
<desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. Encoded in MusicXML</desc>
</notatedMusic></egXML>
<p>MIME type not available</p>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><notatedMusic>
<ptr target="bar1.ly"/>
<desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. Encoded in Lilypond</desc>
</notatedMusic></egXML>
<p>Application format</p>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><notatedMusic>
<ptr target="bar1.mscz" mimeType="application/x-musescore"/>
<desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39. MuseScore Notation Software format.</desc>
</notatedMusic></egXML>
<p>It is possible to specify the location of digital objects
representing the notated music in other media such as images. The encoder's interpretation of the correspondence
between the notated music and these digital objects is not encoded
explicitly. We recommend the use of graphic mainly as
a fallback mechanism when the notated music format is not displayable
by the application using the encoding. The alignment of encoded
notated music, images carrying the notation, and audio files is a
complex matter for which we refer the reader to other formats and
specifications such as <ref
target="http://www.interactivemusicnetwork.org/mpeg-ahg/"
>MPEG-SMR</ref>.</p>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><notatedMusic>
<ptr target="bar1.xml"/>
<graphic url="bar1.jpg"/>
<desc>First bar of Chopin's Scherzo No.3 Op.39</desc>
</notatedMusic></egXML>
<div xml:id="twm05.1-MEI">
<head>Embedding MEI</head>
<p>Using this customisation, it is possible to include some MEI
elements directly within <gi>notatedMusic</gi>. There are four
"entry points" allowed: <list>
<item>
<label><ref
target="http://music-encoding.org/documentation/tagLibrary/mei"
>mei:mei</ref></label> This is MEI's root element. The
customisation provides this element in order to embed a complete
MEI file, which includes a mandatory header.</item>
<item>
<label><ref
target="http://music-encoding.org/documentation/tagLibrary/music"
>mei:music</ref></label> This element contains everything
else in the document apart from the header. The customisation
allows this element in order to embed MEI without a
header.</item>
<item><label><ref
target="http://music-encoding.org/documentation/tagLibrary/mdiv"
>mei:mdiv</ref></label> This element contains either or both
the score and the instrumental or vocal parts of a musical
piece. This element can be used to access lower-lever elements,
for example, for encoding a single measure.</item>
<item><label><ref
target="http://music-encoding.org/documentation/tagLibrary/layer"
>mei:layer</ref></label> This element contains the streams
of events on a staff. The customisation uses this element <hi
rend="bold">exclusively</hi> to access music symbols that are
occurring in the text independently from a staff. For more
discussion see <ref target="#twm05.2.1-inrunningtext">Music
symbols in running text</ref>.</item>
</list>
</p>
</div>
<div xml:id="twm05.2-inline">
<head>Inline Music Notation Excerpts</head>
<p>Music notation excerpts can be found in the text flow. In these
cases, the notated music is often part of the discourse and does not
break the unity of paragraphs or other similar textual structures.
To encode such occurrences of music notation,
<gi>notatedMusic</gi> can be used within any TEI element
containing text.</p>
<p>The following examples present a few cases of inline music excerpts
and show their MEI encoding.</p>
<figure>
<figDesc>Inline Music Notation Excerpts. Figure 1.
Beethoven.</figDesc>
<graphic url="beethoven-ex2.jpg"/>
</figure>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><ab>
<hi rend="italic">Adagio Cantabile</hi> Klawierstimme im (17) Siebzehnten Takt muß statt so wie hier<lb/>
<notatedMusic>
<mei:mdiv>
<mei:score>
<mei:scoredef>
<mei:staffgrp barthru="true">
<mei:staffdef n="1" clef.shape="G" clef.line="2"/>
<mei:staffdef n="2" clef.shape="F" clef.line="4"/>
</mei:staffgrp>
</mei:scoredef>
<mei:section>
<mei:measure left="invis" right="dbl">
<mei:staff n="1">
<mei:layer n="1">
<mei:rest dur="8"/>
<mei:beam xml:id="m9_s1_e2">
<mei:note pname="c" oct="5" dur="8"/>
<mei:note pname="d" oct="5" dur="8"/>
</mei:beam>
<mei:space dur="4"/>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
<mei:staff n="2">
<mei:layer n="1">
<mei:rest dur="8"/>
<mei:beam xml:id="m9_s2_e2">
<mei:chord stem.dir="down">
<mei:note pname="a" oct="3" dur="8" accid="s"/>
<mei:note pname="e" oct="4" dur="8"/>
</mei:chord>
<mei:chord stem.dir="down">
<mei:note pname="b" oct="3" dur="8"/>
<mei:note pname="e" oct="4" dur="8"/>
</mei:chord>
</mei:beam>
<mei:chord stem.dir="up">
<mei:note pname="e" oct="3" dur="8"/>
<mei:note pname="g" oct="3" dur="8"/>
<mei:note pname="b" oct="3" dur="8"/>
<mei:note pname="d" oct="4" dur="8"/>
</mei:chord>
<mei:chord stem.dir="down">
<mei:note pname="e" oct="2" dur="8"/>
<mei:note pname="g" oct="2" dur="8"/>
<mei:note pname="b" oct="2" dur="8"/>
<mei:note pname="d" oct="3" dur="8"/>
</mei:chord>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
<mei:dir staff="1" place="above" startid="m9_s1_e2">x</mei:dir>
<mei:dir staff="2" place="below" startid="m9_s2_e2">x</mei:dir>
</mei:measure>
</mei:section>
</mei:score>
</mei:mdiv>
</notatedMusic>
so heißen bey denen mit x bezeichneten Noten
<notatedMusic>
<mei:mdiv>
<mei:score>
<mei:scoredef>
<mei:staffgrp>
<mei:staffdef n="1" clef.shape="G" clef.line="2"/>
<mei:staffdef n="2" clef.shape="F" clef.line="4"/>
</mei:staffgrp>
</mei:scoredef>
<mei:section>
<mei:measure left="invis" right="invis">
<mei:staff n="1">
<mei:layer n="1">
<mei:beam>
<mei:note pname="c" oct="5" dur="8" xml:id="m10_s1_e1"/>
<mei:note pname="d" oct="5" dur="8" xml:id="m10_s1_e2"/>
</mei:beam>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
<mei:staff n="2">
<mei:layer n="1">
<mei:beam>
<mei:chord>
<mei:note pname="a" oct="3" dur="8" accid="s" xml:id="m10_s2_e1"/>
<mei:note pname="e" oct="4" dur="8"/>
</mei:chord>
<mei:chord>
<mei:note pname="b" oct="3" dur="8" xml:id="m10_s2_e2"/>
<mei:note pname="e" oct="4" dur="8"/>
</mei:chord>
</mei:beam>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
<mei:slur staff="1" startid="m10_s1_e1" endid="m10_s1_e2" curvedir="above"/>
<mei:slur staff="2" startid="m10_s2_e1" endid="m10_s2_e2" curvedir="below"/>
<mei:dir staff="1" startid="m10_s1_e1" place="above">x</mei:dir>
</mei:measure>
</mei:section>
</mei:score>
</mei:mdiv>
</notatedMusic>
nemlich der
</ab></egXML>
<p><label>Example 1.</label> Common Western Notation. Beethoven. (July 1809)</p>
<p>In this example the music notation is printed within a paragraph,
to the right of the text flow. The attribute @place can be used to
specify where the music notation occurs with respect to the text. In
this case we are using the value "inspace", which means that the
notation is printed where some white space was purposefully
left.</p>
<figure>
<figDesc>Inline Music Notation Excerpts. Figure 2. Practica
Musicae.</figDesc>
<graphic url="practica-ex2.jpg"/>
</figure>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><p>
<notatedMusic place="inspace" rend="right">
<mei:mdiv>
<mei:score>
<mei:staffgrp>
<mei:staffdef n="1" lines="4"/>
</mei:staffgrp>
<mei:section>
<mei:staff n="1">
<mei:layer n="1">
<mei:barline rend="single"/>
<mei:uneume name="clivis">
<mei:note pname="g" stem.dir="down" stem.pos="left"/>
<mei:note pname="f"/>
</mei:uneume>
<mei:uneume name="porrectusflexus">
<mei:note pname="g" stem.dir="down" stem.pos="left"/>
<mei:note pname="f"/>
<mei:note pname="g"/>
<mei:note pname="f"/>
</mei:uneume>
<mei:uneume>
<mei:ligature>
<mei:note pname="g" stem.dir="down" stem.pos="left"/>
<mei:note pname="f"/>
</mei:ligature>
</mei:uneume>
<mei:uneume>
<mei:ligature>
<mei:note pname="g" stem.dir="down" stem.pos="left"/>
<mei:note pname="f"/>
</mei:ligature>
<mei:note pname="g"/>
<mei:note pname="f"/>
</mei:uneume>
<mei:barline rend="single"/>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
</mei:section>
</mei:score>
</mei:mdiv>
</notatedMusic>
Quam quidem principijs ligaturarum congruentiam<lb/>
ueterum auctoritas proprietatem instituit uocitan<lb/>
dam. Est igitur proprietas conueniens principiis li<lb/>
gaturarum descriptio a musicis auctoribus institu<lb rend="hyphen"/>
ta. <seg rend="margin">Philoso<lb/>phus</seg> Vltimis autem commissura notulis: quod omnium<lb/>
rerum perfectio teste Philosopho fini attribuatur:<lb/>
perfectionem ascripserunt. Haec enim tribus modis denotatur: Aut enim vltima<lb/>
<seg rend="right">ligaturae</seg>
</p></egXML>
<p><label>Example 2.</label> Older Notation. Practica Musicae.</p>
<div xml:id="twm05.2.1-inrunningtext">
<head>Music symbols in running text</head>
<p>Occasionally, music symbols are used in running text. This is
common especially in illustrative and educational material, or in
analytical essays. TEI currently offers at least two possibilities
to encode these occurrences.</p>
<p><label>1)</label> Using a Unicode character for those music
symbols included in the range 1D100-1D1FF (excluding the most
common accidentals, already in 2666D-F), for which a <ref
target="http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D100.pdf">chart</ref> is
available. For example:
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><ab>bey 9ten Takt, wo die ♯♯♯ sich in ♮♮♮ auflösen</ab></egXML>
or using the corresponding entities:
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><ab>bey 9ten Takt, wo die &#x266F;&#x266F;&#x266F; sich in &#x266E;&#x266E;&#x266E; auflösen</ab></egXML>
</p>
<p>2) Using the <gi>g</gi> element when the musical symbol needed
is not already present in Unicode. For guidance on when and how to
use <gi>g</gi>, see chapter 5 of the TEI Guidelines: <ref
target="http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/WD.html"
>Representation of Non-standard Characters and Glyphs.</ref></p>
<p>In some circumstances, however, the encoder might be interested
in encoding not only the existence of these symbols, but also
their musical meaning using a specific format for music notation.
Examples of how <gi>notatedMusic</gi> could be used for this
purpose follow. In this customisation, the element <ref
target="http://music-encoding.org/documentation/tagLibrary/layer"
>mei:layer</ref> can be used independently to obtain access to
elements encoding musical symbols without the need to define a
staff.</p>
<figure>
<figDesc>Music Symbols in running text. Figure 1.
Beethoven.</figDesc>
<graphic url="beethoven-ex1.jpg"/>
</figure>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><ab>
bey 9ten Takt, wo die
<notatedMusic>
<mei:layer>
<mei:accid accid="s"/>
<mei:accid accid="s"/>
<mei:accid accid="s"/>
</mei:layer>
</notatedMusic>
sich in
<notatedMusic>
<mei:layer>
<mei:accid accid="n"/>
<mei:accid accid="n"/>
<mei:accid accid="n"/>
</mei:layer>
</notatedMusic>
auflösen
</ab></egXML>
<p><label>Example 1.</label> Common Wester Notation. Beethoven
(August 1809)</p>
<figure>
<figDesc>Music Symbols in running text. Example 2.
Allorto (2002).</figDesc>
<graphic url="allorto-ex1.jpg"/>
</figure>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><ab>
la prevalenza nel soggetto iniziale di figurazioni e note ribatutte con il seguente modulo ritmico:<lb/>
<notatedMusic>
<mei:layer>
<mei:note dur="2"/>
<mei:note dur="4"/>
<mei:note dur="4"/>
<mei:barline rend="single"/>
<mei:note dur="2"/>
</mei:layer>
</notatedMusic>; oppure
<notatedMusic>
<mei:layer>
<mei:rest dur="4"/>
<mei:note dur="4"/>
<mei:note dur="4"/>
<mei:note dur="4"/>
<mei:barline rend="single"/>
<mei:note dur="2"/>
</mei:layer>
</notatedMusic>; o ancora
<notatedMusic>
<mei:layer>
<mei:note dur="4"/>
<mei:note dur="8"/>
<mei:note dur="8"/>
<mei:barline rend="single"/>
<mei:note dur="4"/>
</mei:layer>
</notatedMusic>
</ab></egXML>
<p><label>Example 2.</label> Modern printing practice. Riccardo
Allorto, Nuova storia della musica (2002)</p>
<figure>
<figDesc>Music Symbols in running text. Example 3. Practica
Musicae.</figDesc>
<graphic url="practica-ex1.jpg"/>
</figure>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><ab>
Fit igitur notularum triplex descriptio simplex composita:& mediocris. Sim<lb/>
plex notula est quae alteri notulae non coniungitur:& quadrato corpore figu<lb rend="hyphen"/>
atur hoc modo
<notatedMusic>
<mei:layer>
<mei:uneume name="punctum">
<mei:note/>
</mei:uneume>
</mei:layer>
</notatedMusic>
quandoque item cum uirgula in latere eius dextro descen<lb/>
dente describitur in modum longae mensurabilis Ut hic.
<notatedMusic>
<mei:layer>
<mei:uneume name="virga">
<mei:note stem.pos="right" stem.dir="down"/>
</mei:uneume>
</mei:layer>
</notatedMusic>
</ab></egXML>
<p><label>Example 3.</label> Older notation. Practica Musicae
(1496)</p>
</div>
</div>
<div xml:id="twm05.3-block">
<head>Music Notation Between Paragraphs, Blocks, Divisions</head>
<p>In many cases, music notation excerpts are found between blocks of
text, paragraphs, or divisions (for more on these concepts refer to
Chapter 4 of the TEI Guidelines: <ref
target="http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/DS.html"
>Default Text Structure</ref> and Chapter 16 §3: <ref
target="http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/SA.html#SASE"
>Blocks, Segments and Anchors</ref>).</p>
<p>Usually, music notation is positioned between blocks of text for
illustrative purposes. In a book, text and music notation may occur
on the same page, for example between paragraphs, but occasionally
the music example may take a full page and may be rotated of 90
degrees to help the formatting of a longer sequence of symbols.
These pages are usually positioned between chapters. The following
examples show some illustrative cases with their MEI encoding.</p>
<p>This example letter has music notation in its opener, right after
the date line supplied by the editor.</p>
<figure>
<figDesc>Music Notation Between Text Blocks. Figure 1.
Beethoven</figDesc>
<graphic url="beethoven-ex3.jpg" width="850px"/>
</figure>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><opener rend="centred">
<dateline>
<supplied>
<placeName><settlement>Wien</settlement></placeName>, 1798/99 </supplied>
</dateline>
<notatedMusic>
<mei:mdiv>
<mei:score>
<mei:scoredef>
<mei:staffgrp>
<mei:staffdef n="1" lines="5" clef.shape="C" clef.line="3" meter.count="4" meter.unit="4" meter.sym="common">
<mei:label>alto</mei:label>
</mei:staffdef>
</mei:staffgrp>
</mei:scoredef>
<mei:section>
<mei:measure right="single" xml:id="pickup">
<mei:staff n="1">
<mei:layer>
<mei:note pname="g" oct="4" dur="32" stem.dir="up">
<mei:verse>
<mei:syl wordpos="i" con="u">Ba</mei:syl>
</mei:verse>
</mei:note>
<mei:dir staff="1" type="italic" place="above" tstamp="1">grave</mei:dir>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
</mei:measure>
<mei:measure right="invis" xml:id="m1">
<mei:staff n="1">
<mei:layer>
<mei:note pname="c" oct="5" dur="2" dots="1" stem.dir="up">
<mei:verse>
<mei:syl wordpos="t">ron</mei:syl>
</mei:verse>
</mei:note>
<mei:barline rend="invis"/>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
</mei:measure>
</mei:section>
<mei:section restart="true">
<mei:staffdef n="1" lines="5" clef.shape="C" clef.line="4">
<mei:label>
<mei:rend fontstyle="ital">tenore</mei:rend>
</mei:label>
</mei:staffdef>
<mei:measure right="single" sameas="m1">
<mei:staff>
<mei:layer>
<mei:rest dur="8"/>
<mei:rest dur="16" dots="1"/>
<mei:note pname="g" oct="4" dur="32">
<mei:verse>
<mei:syl wordpos="i" con="u">Ba</mei:syl>
</mei:verse>
</mei:note>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
</mei:measure>
<mei:measure right="invis" xml:id="m2">
<mei:staff>
<mei:layer>
<mei:note pname="e" oct="4" dur="2" dots="1">
<mei:verse>
<mei:syl wordpos="t">ron</mei:syl>
</mei:verse>
</mei:note>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
</mei:measure>
</mei:section>
<mei:section restart="true">
<mei:staffdef n="1" lines="5" clef.shape="F" clef.line="4">
<mei:label>Basso</mei:label>
</mei:staffdef>
<mei:measure right="single" sameas="m2">
<mei:staff>
<mei:layer>
<mei:rest dur="8"/>
<mei:rest dur="16" dots="1"/>
<mei:note pname="g" oct="3" dur="32" stem.dir="down">
<mei:verse>
<mei:syl wordpos="i">Ba</mei:syl>
</mei:verse>
</mei:note>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
</mei:measure>
<mei:measure right="single" xml:id="m3">
<mei:staff>
<mei:layer>
<mei:note pname="c" oct="3" dur="4" dots="1" stem.dir="down">
<mei:verse>
<mei:syl>ron</mei:syl>
</mei:verse>
</mei:note>
<mei:rest dur="32" dots="1"/>
<mei:note pname="c" oct="3" dur="32" stem.dir="down">
<mei:verse>
<mei:syl wordpos="i" con="u">Ba</mei:syl>
</mei:verse>
</mei:note>
<mei:note pname="c" oct="3" dur="4" dots="1" stem.dir="down">
<mei:verse>
<mei:syl wordpos="t">ron</mei:syl>
</mei:verse>
</mei:note>
<mei:rest dur="32" dots="1"/>
<mei:note pname="c" oct="3" dur="32" stem.dir="down">
<mei:verse>
<mei:syl wordpos="i">Ba</mei:syl>
</mei:verse>
</mei:note>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
</mei:measure>
<mei:measure right="end" xml:id="m4">
<mei:staff>
<mei:layer>
<mei:note pname="c" oct="3" dur="1">
<mei:verse>
<mei:syl wordpos="t">ron</mei:syl>
</mei:verse>
</mei:note>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
</mei:measure>
</mei:section>
</mei:score>
</mei:mdiv>
</notatedMusic>
</opener></egXML>
<p><label>Example 1.</label> Common Western Notation. Beethoven. (1798/99)</p>
<p>This example has music notation between the end of a paragraph and
the catchword for the following page.</p>
<figure>
<figDesc>Music Notation Between Text Blocks. Figure 2. Practica
Musicae.</figDesc>
<graphic url="practica-ex3.jpg"/>
</figure>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><p>
Sonitus uero sol ab ut diapentes interuallo sustinetur in acutum: tribus.s.to<lb/>
nis & semitonio: quod uariatis notulis per diuersa tenditur interualla ut his de<lb/>
uctionibns consideratur.
</p>
<notatedMusic>
<mei:mdiv>
<mei:score>
<mei:section>
<mei:staff n="1">
<mei:staffdef n="1" lines="4" clef.line="3" clef.shape="F"/>
<mei:layer n="1">
<mei:uneume>
<mei:note pname="c"/>
<mei:note pname="d"/>
<mei:note pname="e"/>
<mei:note pname="f"/>
<mei:note pname="g" stem.dir="down" stem.pos="right"/>
</mei:uneume>
<mei:uneume>
<mei:note pname="c"/>
<mei:note pname="d"/>
<mei:note pname="g" stem.dir="down" stem.pos="right"/>
</mei:uneume>
<mei:uneume>
<mei:note pname="c"/>
<mei:note pname="d"/>
<mei:note pname="e"/>
<mei:note pname="g" stem.dir="down" stem.pos="right"/>
</mei:uneume>
<mei:uneume>
<mei:note pname="c"/>
<mei:note pname="e"/>
<mei:note pname="f"/>
<mei:note pname="g" stem.dir="down" stem.pos="right"/>
</mei:uneume>
<mei:uneume>
<mei:note pname="c"/>
<mei:note pname="f"/>
<mei:note pname="g" stem.dir="down" stem.pos="right"/>
</mei:uneume>
<mei:uneume>
<mei:note pname="c"/>
<mei:note pname="e"/>
<mei:note pname="g" stem.dir="down" stem.pos="right"/>
</mei:uneume>
<mei:uneume>
<mei:note pname="c"/>
<mei:note pname="g" stem.dir="down" stem.pos="right"/>
</mei:uneume>
<mei:barline rend="dbl"/>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
</mei:section>
</mei:score>
</mei:mdiv>
</notatedMusic>
<fw type="catch" rend="right">Sonitus</fw>
<pb n="10"/>
</egXML>
<p><label>Example 2.</label> Older Notation. Practica Musicae. (1496)</p>
<div xml:id="twm05.3.1-infigures">
<head>Music Notation Excerpts as Figures</head>
<p>In modern printing, music notation positioned between blocks of
text for illustrative purposes is usually referred to as a
"figure" or "example". In this cases, we recommend the inclusion
of <gi>notatedMusic</gi> in <gi>figure</gi> in order to
encode possible captions and headers. For example:</p>
<figure>
<figDesc>Music Notation as Figures. Figure 1. Prout.</figDesc>
<graphic url="prout-ex1.jpg"/>
</figure>
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:space="preserve"><div n="67">
<p>
We now give some examples, from the works of the great masters,
of some of the most frequently used bowings.
</p>
<figure>
<head><label>Ex. 3</label>SCHUBERT: Symphony in B minor.</head>
<notatedMusic>
<mei:mdiv>
<mei:score>
<mei:scoredef meter.count="3" meter.unit="8" key.sig="4s" key.mode="major">
<mei:staffgrp>
<mei:staffdef n="1" lines="5" clef.line="2" clef.shape="G"/>
</mei:staffgrp>
</mei:scoredef>
<mei:section>
<mei:measure n="1">
<mei:staff n="1">
<mei:layer n="1">
<mei:note pname="b" oct="5" dur="4" dots="1" stem.dir="down"/>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
<mei:dynam staff="1" tstamp="1">pp</mei:dynam>
<mei:slur staff="1" tstamp="1" dur="2m+3"/>
</mei:measure>
<mei:measure n="2">
<mei:staff n="1">
<mei:layer n="1">
<mei:note pname="c" oct="6" dur="4" dots="1" stem.dir="down"/>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
</mei:measure>
<mei:measure n="3">
<mei:staff n="1">
<mei:layer n="1">
<mei:beam>
<mei:note pname="b" oct="5" dur="8" stem.dir="down"/>
<mei:note pname="g" oct="5" dur="8" stem.dir="down"/>
<mei:note pname="e" oct="5" dur="8" stem.dir="down"/>
</mei:beam>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
</mei:measure>
<mei:measure n="4">
<mei:staff n="1">
<mei:layer n="1">
<mei:note pname="f" oct="5" dur="4" dots="1" stem.dir="down"/>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
<mei:slur staff="1" tstamp="1" dur="1m+1"/>
<mei:hairpin form="dim" staff="1" tstamp="1" dur="1m+1"/>
</mei:measure>
<mei:measure n="5">
<mei:staff n="1">
<mei:layer n="1">
<mei:note pname="g" oct="5" dur="8" stem.dir="down"/>
<mei:rest dur="8"/>
<mei:rest dur="8"/>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
</mei:measure>
<mei:measure n="5">
<mei:staff n="1">
<mei:layer n="1">
<mei:mrest/>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
</mei:measure>
<mei:measure n="6">
<mei:staff n="1">
<mei:layer n="1">
<mei:note pname="b" oct="5" dur="4" dots="1" stem.dir="down"/>
</mei:layer>
</mei:staff>
<mei:slur staff="1" tstamp="1" dur="2m+3"/>
</mei:measure>
<mei:measure n="7">
<mei:staff n="1">