JSON-Patch

A leaner and meaner implementation of JSON-Patch. Small footprint. High performance.

With JSON-Patch, you can:

• applyPatch to apply patches
• applyOperation to apply single operations
• validate a sequence of patches
• observe for changes (and generate patches when a change is detected)
• compare two objects (to obtain the difference).

Why you should use JSON-Patch

JSON-Patch (RFC6902) is a standard format that allows you to update a JSON document by sending the changes rather than the whole document. JSON Patch plays well with the HTTP PATCH verb (method) and REST style programming.

Mark Nottingham has a nice blog about it.

Footprint

4 KB minified and gzipped (12 KB minified)

Performance

add benchmark

replace benchmark

Tested on 24.07.2017. Compared libraries:

• Starcounter-Jack/JSON-Patch 2.0.4
• bruth/jsonpatch-js 0.6.1
• dharmafly/jsonpatch.js 3.0.0
• jiff 0.7.3

We aim the tests to be fair. Our library puts performance as the #1 priority, while other libraries can have different priorities. If you'd like to update the benchmarks or add a library, please fork the perf.zone benchmarks linked above and open an issue to include new results.

Features

• Allows you to apply patches on object trees for incoming traffic.
• Allows you to freely manipulate object trees and then generate patches for outgoing traffic.
• Tested in IE 8-11, Firefox, Chrome, Safari and Node.js

Install

Install the current version (and save it as a dependency):

npm

$ npm install fast-json-patch --save

bower

$ bower install fast-json-patch --save

download as ZIP

Adding to your project

In a web browser

Include dist/fast-json-patch.js.

In Node.js

Call require to get the instance:

var jsonpatch = require('fast-json-patch')

Or use ES6 style:

import { applyOperation } from 'fast-json-patch'

You can also require all API functions individually, all jsonpatch functions can be used as pure functions:

const { applyOperation } = require('fast-json-patch');

Usage

Applying patches:

var document = { firstName: "Albert", contactDetails: { phoneNumbers: [] } };
var patch = [
  { op: "replace", path: "/firstName", value: "Joachim" },
  { op: "add", path: "/lastName", value: "Wester" },
  { op: "add", path: "/contactDetails/phoneNumbers/0", value: { number: "555-123" }  }
];
document = jsonpatch.applyPatch(document, patch).newDocument;
// document == { firstName: "Joachim", lastName: "Wester", contactDetails: { phoneNumbers: [{number:"555-123"}] } };

For apply individual operations you can use applyOperation

jsonpatch.applyOperation accepts a single operation object instead of a sequence, and returns the object after applying the operation. It works with all the standard JSON patch operations (add, replace, move, test, remove and copy).

var document = { firstName: "Albert", contactDetails: { phoneNumbers: [] } };
var operation = { op: "replace", path: "/firstName", value: "Joachim" };
document = jsonpatch.applyOperation(document, operation).newDocument;
// document == { firstName: "Joachim", contactDetails: { phoneNumbers: [] }}

Using applyReducer with reduce

If you have an array of operations, you can simple reduce them using applyReducer as your reducer:

var document = { firstName: "Albert", contactDetails: { phoneNumbers: [ ] } };
var patch = [
  { op:"replace", path: "/firstName", value: "Joachim" },
  { op:"add", path: "/lastName", value: "Wester" },
  { op:"add", path: "/contactDetails/phoneNumbers/0", value: { number: "555-123" } }
];
var updatedDocument = patch.reduce(applyReducer, document);
// updatedDocument == { firstName:"Joachim", lastName:"Wester", contactDetails:{ phoneNumbers[ {number:"555-123"} ] } };

Generating patches:

var document = { firstName: "Joachim", lastName: "Wester", contactDetails: { phoneNumbers: [ { number:"555-123" }] } };
var observer = jsonpatch.observe(document);
document.firstName = "Albert";
document.contactDetails.phoneNumbers[0].number = "123";
document.contactDetails.phoneNumbers.push({ number:"456" });
var patch = jsonpatch.generate(observer);
// patch  == [
//   { op: "replace", path: "/firstName", value: "Albert"},
//   { op: "replace", path: "/contactDetails/phoneNumbers/0/number", value: "123" },
//   { op: "add", path: "/contactDetails/phoneNumbers/1", value: {number:"456"}}
// ];

Comparing two object trees:

var documentA = {user: {firstName: "Albert", lastName: "Einstein"}};
var documentB = {user: {firstName: "Albert", lastName: "Collins"}};
var diff = jsonpatch.compare(documentA, documentB);
//diff == [{op: "replace", path: "/user/lastName", value: "Collins"}]

Validating a sequence of patches:

var obj = {user: {firstName: "Albert"}};
var patches = [{op: "replace", path: "/user/firstName", value: "Albert"}, {op: "replace", path: "/user/lastName", value: "Einstein"}];
var errors = jsonpatch.validate(patches, obj);
if (errors.length == 0) {
 //there are no errors!
}
else {
  for (var i=0; i < errors.length; i++) {
    if (!errors[i]) {
      console.log("Valid patch at index", i, patches[i]);
    }
    else {
      console.error("Invalid patch at index", i, errors[i], patches[i]);
    }
  }
}

API

jsonpatch.applyPatch<T>(document: any, patch: Operation[], validateOperation: Boolean | Function = false): OperationResult<T>[]

Applies patch array on obj.

An invalid patch results in throwing an error (see jsonpatch.validate for more information about the error object).

It modifies the document object and patch - it gets the values by reference. If you would like to avoid touching your values, clone them: jsonpatch.applyPatch(document, jsonpatch.deepClone(patch)).

Returns an array of OperationResult objects - one item for each item in patches, each item is an object {newDocument: any, test?: boolean, removed?: any}.

• test - boolean result of the test
• remove, replace and move - original object that has been removed
• add (only when adding to an array) - index at which item has been inserted (useful when using - alias)

** Note: It throws TEST_OPERATION_FAILED error if test operation fails. **

** Note II: the returned array has newDocument property that you can use as the final state of the patched document **.

• See Validation notes.

applyOperation<T>(document: any, operation: Operation, validateOperation: <Boolean | Function> = false, mutateDocument = true): OperationResult<T>

Applies single operation object operation on document.

• document The document to patch
• operation The operation to apply
• validateOperation Whether to validate the operation, or to pass a validator callback
• mutateDocument Whether to mutate the original document or clone it before applying

It modifies the document object and operation - it gets the values by reference. If you would like to avoid touching your values, clone them: jsonpatch.applyOperation(document, jsonpatch.deepClone(operation)).

Returns an OperationResult object {newDocument: any, test?: boolean, removed?: any}.

** Note: It throws TEST_OPERATION_FAILED error if test operation fails. **

• See Validation notes.

jsonpatch.applyReducer<T>(document: T, operation: Operation): T

Ideal for patch.reduce(jsonpatch.applyReducer, document).

Applies single operation object operation on document.

Returns the a modified document.

Note: It throws TEST_OPERATION_FAILED error if test operation fails.

jsonpatch.deepClone(value: any): any

Returns deeply cloned value.

jsonpatch.escapePathComponent(path: string): string

Returns the escaped path.

jsonpatch.unescapePathComponent(path: string): string

Returns the unescaped path.

jsonpatch.getValueByPointer(document: object, pointer: string)

Retrieves a value from a JSON document by a JSON pointer.

Returns the value.

jsonpatch.observe(document: any, callback?: Function): Observer

Sets up an deep observer on document that listens for changes in object tree. When changes are detected, the optional callback is called with the generated patches array as the parameter.

Returns observer.

jsonpatch.generate(document: any, observer: Observer): Operation[]

If there are pending changes in obj, returns them synchronously. If a callback was defined in observe method, it will be triggered synchronously as well.

If there are no pending changes in obj, returns an empty array (length 0).

jsonpatch.unobserve(document: any, observer: Observer): void

Destroys the observer set up on document.

Any remaining changes are delivered synchronously (as in jsonpatch.generate). Note: this is different that ES6/7 Object.unobserve, which delivers remaining changes asynchronously.

jsonpatch.compare(document1: any, document2: any): Operation[]

Compares object trees document1 and document2 and returns the difference relative to document1 as a patches array.

If there are no differences, returns an empty array (length 0).

jsonpatch.validate(patch: Operation[], document?: any, validator?: Function): JsonPatchError

See Validation notes

Validates a sequence of operations. If document parameter is provided, the sequence is additionally validated against the object tree.

If there are no errors, returns undefined. If there is an errors, returns a JsonPatchError object with the following properties:

• name String - short error code
• message String - long human readable error message
• index Number - index of the operation in the sequence
• operation Object - reference to the operation
• tree Object - reference to the tree

Possible errors:

Error name	Error message
SEQUENCE_NOT_AN_ARRAY	Patch sequence must be an array
OPERATION_NOT_AN_OBJECT	Operation is not an object
OPERATION_OP_INVALID	Operation op property is not one of operations defined in RFC-6902
OPERATION_PATH_INVALID	Operation path property is not a valid string
OPERATION_FROM_REQUIRED	Operation from property is not present (applicable in move and copy operations)
OPERATION_VALUE_REQUIRED	Operation value property is not present, or undefined (applicable in add, replace and test operations)
OPERATION_VALUE_CANNOT_CONTAIN_UNDEFINED	Operation value property object has at least one undefined value (applicable in add, replace and test operations)
OPERATION_PATH_CANNOT_ADD	Cannot perform an add operation at the desired path
OPERATION_PATH_UNRESOLVABLE	Cannot perform the operation at a path that does not exist
OPERATION_FROM_UNRESOLVABLE	Cannot perform the operation from a path that does not exist
OPERATION_PATH_ILLEGAL_ARRAY_INDEX	Expected an unsigned base-10 integer value, making the new referenced value the array element with the zero-based index
OPERATION_VALUE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS	The specified index MUST NOT be greater than the number of elements in the array
TEST_OPERATION_FAILED	When operation is test and the test fails, applies to applyReducer.

OperationResult Type

Functions applyPatch and applyOperation both return OperationResult object. This object is:

{newDocument: any, test?: boolean, removed?: any}

Where:

• newDocument: the new state of the document after the patch/operation is applied.
• test: if the operation was a test operation. This will be its result.
• removed: contains the removed, moved, or replaced values from the document after a remove, move or replace operation.

Validation Notes

Functions applyPatch, applyOperation, and validate accept a validate/ validator parameter:

• If the validateOperation parameter is set to false, validation will not occur.
• If set to true, the patch is extensively validated before applying using jsonpatch's default validation.
• If set to a function callback, the patch is validated using that function.

If you pass a validator, it will be called with four parameters for each operation, function(operation, index, tree, existingPath) and it is expected to throw JsonPatchError when your conditions are not met.

• operation The operation it self.
• index operation's index in the patch array (if application).
• tree The object that is supposed to be patched.
• existingPath the path operation points to.

Overwriting and move Operation

When the target of the move operation already exists, it is cached, deep cloned and returned as removed in OperationResult.

undefineds (JS to JSON projection)

As undefined type does not exist in JSON, it's also not a valid value of JSON Patch operation. Therefore jsonpatch will not generate JSON Patches that sets anything to undefined.

Whenever a value is set to undefined in JS, JSON-Patch methods generate and compare will treat it similarly to how JavaScript method JSON.stringify (MDN) treats them:

If undefined (...) is encountered during conversion it is either omitted (when it is found in an object) or censored to null (when it is found in an array).

See the ECMAScript spec for details.

Specs/tests

• Run in browser

Contributing

Changelog

To see the list of recent changes, see Releases.

License

MIT