Table of Contents
To install icecream, issue
yast -i icecream icecream-monitor
In case this should not work, here are some links to download Icecream:
- Binaries from opensuse.org
- Sources from ftp.suse.com
- openSUSE Icecream node LiveCD
You need:
- At least one machine that runs the scheduler ("./icecc-scheduler -d")
- Many machines that run the daemon ("./iceccd -d")
It is possible to run the scheduler and the daemon on one machine and only the daemon on another, thus forming a compile cluster with two nodes.
If you want to compile using icecream, make sure $prefix/lib/icecc/bin is the first entry in your path, e.g. type
export PATH=/usr/lib/icecc/bin:$PATH
(Hint: put this in ~/.bashrc or /etc/profile to not have to type it in everytime)
Then you just compile with make -j <num>, where <num> is the amount of jobs you want to compile in parallel. As a start, take the number of logical processors multiplied with 2, or a larger number if your compile cluster can serve all the compilation jobs. But note that too large numbers may in fact make the build slower (for example if your local machine gets overloaded with preparing more jobs than it can handle at a time).
Here is an example:
make -j6
WARNING: Never use icecream in untrusted environments. Run the daemons and the scheduler as unprivileged user in such networks if you have to! But you will have to rely on homogeneous networks then (see below).
If you want an overview of your icecream compile cluster, or if you just want funny stats, you might want to run "icemon" (from a separate repository/package).
If you restart a computer, you still want it to be in the icecream cluster after reboot. With the SUSE packages, this is easy to accomplish, just set the service to be started on boot:
chkconfig icecream on
You can verify if the icecream service is running like this:
/etc/init.d/icecream status
Checking for Distributed Compiler Daemon: running
Most problems are caused by firewalls and by make using the wrong C compiler (e.g. /usr/bin/gcc instead of /usr/lib/icecc/bin/gcc).
For testing purposes, you can stop your firewall like this:
rcSuSEfirewall2 stop
To open the right ports in your firewall, call
yast2 firewall
Choose "allowed services" -> Advanced. Enter for TCP: 10245 8765 8766 and for UDP 8765
If you have scheduler running on another system, you should open broadcasting response :
yast2 firewall
Choose "Custom Rules" -> Add. Enter Source Networ 0/0 Protocol: UDP Source Port 8765
To make sure your compile job uses /usr/lib/icecc/bin/gcc (gcc is used as an example here, depending on your compile job it can also be g++, cc or c++) start your compile using
make VERBOSE=1
and wait for a typical compile command to appear, like this one:
cd /root/kdepim/kode/libkode && /usr/lib/icecc/bin/c++ -DTest1Area=5121 -D_BSD_SOURCE
-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_BSD_SOURCE -DQT_NO_STL
-DQT_NO_CAST_TO_ASCII -D_REENTRANT -DKDE_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
-DKDE_DEFAULT_DEBUG_AREA=5295 -DMAKE_KODE_LIB -Wnon-
virtual-dtor -Wno-long-long -ansi -Wundef -Wcast-align
-Wchar-subscripts-Wall -W -Wpointer-arith -Wformat-security
-fno-exceptions -fno-check-new
in this example, the right c compiler is chosen, /usr/lib/icecc/bin/c++. If the wrong one is chosen, delete CMakeCache.txt (if existing) and start the build process again calling ./configure (if existing).
You can tell osc build to use icecream to build packages, by appending --icecream=<n> where n is the number of process which should be started in parallel. However, for integration with icecream to work properly, you must install icecream on the host where you will run "osc build" and you must start icecream daemon.
If, when using icecream monitor (icemon), you notice some nodes not being used at all for compilation, check you have the same icecream version on all nodes, otherwise, nodes running older icecream version might be excluded from available nodes.
The icecream version shipped with openSUSE 12.2 is partially incompatible with nodes using other icecream versions. 12.2 nodes will not be used for compilation by other nodes, and depending on the scheduler version 12.2 nodes will not compile on other nodes either. These incompatible nodes can be identified by having 'Linux3_' prefix in the platform). Replace the openSUSE 12.2 package with a different one (for example from the devel:tools:build repository).
Most of icecream is UNIX specific and can be used on most platforms, but as the scheduler needs to know the load of a machine, there are some tricky parts. Supported are:
- Linux
- FreeBSD
- DragonFlyBSD
- OS X
Note that all these platforms can be used both as server and as client - meaning you can do full cross compiling between them.
If you are running icecream daemons in the same icecream network but on machines with incompatible compiler versions, icecream needs to send your build environment to remote machines (note: they all must be running as root. In the future icecream might gain the ability to know when machines can't accept a different env, but for now it is all or nothing).
Under normal circumstances this is handled transparently by the icecream daemon, which will prepare a tarball with the environment when needed. This is the recommended way, as the daemon will also automatically update the tarball whenever your compiler changes.
If you want to handle this manually for some reason, you have to tell icecream which environment you are using. Use
icecc --build-native
to create an archive file containing all the files necessary to setup the compiler environment. The file will have a random unique name like "ddaea39ca1a7c88522b185eca04da2d8.tar.bz2" per default. Rename it to something more expressive for your convenience, e.g. "i386-3.3.1.tar.bz2". Set
ICECC_VERSION=<filename_of_archive_containing_your_environment>
in the shell environment where you start the compile jobs and the file will be transferred to the daemons where your compile jobs run and installed to a chroot environment for executing the compile jobs in the environment fitting to the environment of the client. This requires that the icecream daemon runs as root.
SUSE got quite some good machines not having a processor from Intel or AMD, so icecream is pretty good in using cross-compiler environments similar to the above way of spreading compilers. There the ICECC_VERSION variable looks like <native_filename>(,<platform>:<cross_compiler_filename>)*, for example like this:
/work/9.1-i386.tar.bz2,ia64:/work/9.1-cross-ia64.tar.bz2,Darwin_PowerPCMac:/work/osx-generate-i386.tar.gz
To get this working on openSuse machines there are some packages containing the cross-compiler environments. Here is a sample case showing how to do to get it working. Let's assume that we want to build for x86_64 but use some i386 machines for the build as well. On the x86_64 machine, go to http://software.opensuse.org, search for icecream x86_64 and download and install the version for i586. Then add this to the ICECC_VERSION and build.
i386:/usr/share/icecream-envs/cross-x86_64-gcc-icecream-backend_i386.tar.gz
How to package such a cross compiler is pretty straightforward if you look what's inside the tarballs generated by icecc. You basically need a /usr/bin/gcc, a /usr/bin/g++ and a /usr/bin/as. So if you need a cross compiler that uses your OS X running G5 to compile i586-linux for your laptop, you would:
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go to your OS X and download binutils and gcc (of the versions you use on linux)
-
first compile and install binutils with --prefix /usr/local/cross --target=i586-linux (I have some problems that required setting CC and AR)
-
configure gcc with the same options, go into the gcc directory and make all install-driver install-common - that worked good enough for me.
-
now create a new directory where you copy /usr/local/cross/bin/i586-linux-{gcc,g++,as} into as usr/bin/{gcc,g++,as}
-
now I copy an empty.c (that is empty) into that dir too and call
chroot . usr/bin/gcc -c empty.c
that will report an error about missing libraries or missing cc1 - copy them until gcc generates an empty.o without error. You can double check with "file empty.o" if it's really a i586-linux object file.
- now tar that directory and use it on your client as specified above.
My cross compiler for the above case is under http://ktown.kde.org/~coolo/ppc-osx-create-i586.tar.gz
When building for embedded targets like ARM often you'll have a toolchain that runs on your host and produces code for the target. In these situations you can exploit the power of icecream as well.
Create symbolic links from where icecc is to the name of your cross compilers (e.g. arm-linux-g++ and arm-linux-gcc), make sure that these symbolic links are in the path and before the path of your toolchain, with $ICECC_CC and $ICECC_CXX you need to tell icecream which compilers to use for preprocessing and local compiling. e.g. set it to ICECC_CC=arm-linux-gcc and ICECC_CXX=arm-linux-g++.
As the next step you need to create a .tar.bz2 of your cross compiler, check the result of icecc --build-native to see what needs to be present.
Finally one needs to set ICECC_VERSION and point it to the tar.bz2 you've created. When you start compiling your toolchain will be used.
NOTE: with ICECC_VERSION you point out on which platforms your toolchain runs, you do not indicate for which target code will be generated.
When working with toolchains for multiple targets, icecream can be configured to support multiple toolchains in the same environment.
Multiple toolchains can be configured by appending =<target> to the tarball filename in the ICECC_VERSION variable. Where the <target> is the cross compiler prefix. There the ICECC_VERSION variable will look like <native_filename>(,<platform>:<cross_compiler_filename>=<target>)*.
Below an example of how to configure icecream to use two toolchains, /work/toolchain1/bin/arm-eabi-[gcc,g++] and /work/toolchain2/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-[gcc,g++], for the same host architecture:
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Create symbolic links with the cross compilers names (e.g. arm-eabi-[gcc,g++] and arm-linux-androideabi-[gcc,g++]) pointing to where the icecc binary is. Make sure these symbolic links are in the $PATH and before the path of the toolchains.
-
Create a tarball file for each toolchain that you want to use with icecream. The /usr/lib/icecc/icecc-create-env script can be used to create the tarball file for each toolchain, for example:
/usr/lib/icecc/icecc-create-env --gcc /work/toolchain1/bin/arm-eabi-gcc /work/toolchain1/bin/arm-eabi-g++
/usr/lib/icecc/icecc-create-env --gcc /work/toolchain2/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc /work/toolchain2/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc
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Set ICECC_VERSION to point to the native tarball file and for each tarball file created to the toolchains (e.g ICECC_VERSION=/work/i386-native.tar.gz,/work/arm-eabi-toolchain1.tar.gz=arm-eabi,/work/arm-linux-androideabi-toolchain2.tar.gz=arm-linux-androideabi).
With these steps the icecrem will use /work/arm-eabi-toolchain1.tar.gz file to cross compilers with the prefix arm-eabi(e.g arm-eabi-gcc and arm-eabi-g++), use /work/arm-linux-androideabi-toolchain2.tar.gz file to cross compilers with the prefix arm-linux-androideabi(e.g. arm-linux-androideabi-gcc and arm-linux-androideabi-g++) and use /work/i386-native.tar.gz file to compilers without prefix, the native compilers.
The easiest way to use ccache with icecream is to set CCACHE_PREFIX to icecc (the actual icecream client wrapper):
export CCACHE_PREFIX=icecc
This will make ccache prefix any compilation command it needs to do with icecc, making it use icecream for the compilation (but not for preprocessing alone).
To actually use ccache, the mechanism is the same like with using icecream alone. Since ccache does not provide any symlinks in /opt/ccache/bin, you can create them manually:
mkdir /opt/ccache/bin
ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /opt/ccache/bin/gcc
ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /opt/ccache/bin/g++
And then compile with
export PATH=/opt/ccache/bin:$PATH
Note however that ccache isn't really worth the trouble if you're not recompiling your project three times a day from scratch (it adds some overhead in comparing the source files and uses quite some disk space).
You can use the environment variable ICECC_DEBUG to control if icecream gives debug output or not. Set it to "debug" to get debug output. The other possible values are error, warning and info (the -v option for daemon and scheduler raise the level per -v on the command line - so use -vvv for full debug).
Numbers of my test case (some STL C++ genetic algorithm)
- g++ on my machine: 1.6s
- g++ on fast machine: 1.1s
- icecream using my machine as remote machine: 1.9s
- icecream using fast machine: 1.8s
The icecream overhead is quite huge as you might notice, but the compiler can't interleave preprocessing with compilation and the file needs to be read/written once more and in between the file is transferred.
But even if the other computer is faster, using g++ on my local machine is faster. If you're (for whatever reason) alone in your network at some point, you lose all advantages of distributed compiling and only add the overhead. So icecream got a special case for local compilations (the same special meaning that localhost got within $DISTCC_HOSTS). This makes compiling on my machine using icecream down to 1.7s (the overhead is actually less than 0.1s in average).
As the scheduler is aware of that meaning, it will prefer your own computer if it's free and got not less than 70% of the fastest available computer.
Keep in mind, that this affects only the first compile job, the second one is distributed anyway. So if I had to compile two of my files, I would get
- g++ -j1 on my machine: 3.2s
- g++ -j1 on the fast machine: 2.2s
- using icecream -j2 on my machine: max(1.7,1.8)=1.8s
- (using icecream -j2 on the other machine: max(1.1,1.8)=1.8s)
The math is a bit tricky and depends a lot on the current state of the compilation network, but make sure you're not blindly assuming make -j2 halves your compilation time.
In most requirements icecream isn't special, e.g. it doesn't matter what distributed compile system you use, you won't have fun if your nodes are connected through than less or equal to 10MBit. Note that icecream compresses input and output files (using lzo), so you can calculate with ~1MBit per compile job - i.e more than make -j10 won't be possible without delays.
Remember that more machines are only good if you can use massive parallelism, but you will for sure get the best result if your submitting machine (the one you called g++ on) will be fast enough to feed the others. Especially if your project consists of many easy to compile files, the preprocessing and file IO will be job enough to need a quick machine.
The scheduler will try to give you the fastest machines available, so even if you add old machines, they will be used only in exceptional situations, but still you can have bad luck - the scheduler doesn't know how long a job will take before it started. So if you have 3 machines and two quick to compile and one long to compile source file, you're not safe from a choice where everyone has to wait on the slow machine. Keep that in mind.
Icecream supports many configurations but you need to understand your network to choose what is right for you.
The easiest is to designate one machine always on machine to be a server and start the clients. This is the best environment for conferences where users are using mixed versions of icecream and will not be together for long. icecream will automatically find the scheduler. This is also the best setup if you have any machine that might run versions of icecream less than 1.1. The downside of this setup is the scheduler must be a machine that is always on.
If everyone is running 1.1 or latter you may choose to have everyone run a scheduler. The icecream schedulers will choose one to be the master and everyone will connect to it. If the scheduler machine goes down a new master will be selected. This is a new feature that is somewhat experimental, but if it works it likely the most reliable. If anyone on your network is running versions earlier than 1.1 they will have problems with this configuration.
You may also designate a scheduler machine, and then for each client specify the scheduler to use. You need to ensure that there is no other scheduler on the same network as the scheduler if you do this. This is useful if you have developers scattered around the office but only a few are on any given network sub-net. If you do this check with IT to ensure that icecream traffic won't overload routers. It is safe to mix icecream versions less than 1.1 with 1.1 on this setup.
You might designate a netname. This is useful if your network is using VPN to make it seem like developers who are physically a long distance apart seem like they are on the same sub-net. While the VPNs are useful, they are typically do not have enough bandwidth for icecream, so by setting a different netname on each side of the VPN you can save bandwidth. Netnames can be used to work around some limitations above: if a netname is set icecream schedulers and daemons will ignore the existence scheudlers and daemons with any other netname.
A short overview of the ports icecream requires:
- TCP/10245 on the daemon computers (required)
- TCP/8765 for the the scheduler computer (required)
- TCP/8766 for the telnet interface to the scheduler (optional)
- UDP/8765 for broadcast to find the scheduler (optional)
Note that the SuSEfirewall2 on SUSE < 9.1 got some problems configuring broadcast. So you might need the -s option for the daemon in any case there. If the monitor can't find the scheduler, use USE_SCHEDULER=<host> icemon (or send me a patch :)
If you're sitting alone home and use your partner's computer to speed up your compilation and both these machines run the same Linux version, you're fine with distcc (as 95% of the users reading this chapter will be, I'm sure). But there are several situations, where distcc isn't the best choice:
- you're changing compiler versions often and still want to speed up your compilation (see the ICECC_VERSION support)
- you got some neat PPC laptop and want to use your wife's computer that only runs intel (see the cross compiler section)
- you don't know what machines will be on-line at compile time.
- most important: you're sitting in a office with several co-workers that do not like if you overload their workstations when they play doom (distcc doesn't have a scheduler)
- you like nice compile monitors :)
- It is recommended to remove all processor specific optimizations from the CFLAGS line in /etc/make.conf. On the aKademy cluster it proved useful to use only "-O2", otherwise there are often internal compiler errors, if not all computers have the same processor type/version
Be aware that you have to change the CFLAGS during ich gcc update too.
- To use icecream with emerge/ebuild use PREROOTPATH=/opt/icecream/lib/icecc/bin emerge bla
- Be aware, because your gcc/glibc/binutils are normally compiled with processor-specific flags, there is a high chance that your compiler won't work on other machines. The best would be to build gcc, glibc and binutils without those flags and copying the needed files into your tarball for distribution, e.g. CFLAGS="-mcpu=i686 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe" CXXFLAGS="$CFLAGS" ebuild /usr/portage/sys-devel/gcc-yourver.ebuild install ; cp /var/tmp/portage...
Create a github issue on https://github.com/icecc/icecream
The git repository lives at https://github.com/icecc/icecream
- Subscribe: [email protected]
- Archive: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/icecream-users