Generic throttling metrics namespace and BigtableIO write throttling …

…counter (#31924)

* BigtableIO write throttling counter

* Introduce a generic throttling namespace and counter

* Dataflow accumulates throttling time from generic throttling counter

* Apply throttling counter to BigtableIO write

* default to 3 min for throttlingReportTargetMs

runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/BatchModeExecutionContext.java

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.profiler.ScopedProfiler.ProfileScope;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.Coder;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.MetricName;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.Metrics;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.MetricsContainer;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptions;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.state.TimeDomain;
@@ -68,9 +69,6 @@ public class BatchModeExecutionContext
   private Object key;
 
   private final MetricsContainerRegistry<MetricsContainerImpl> containerRegistry;
-
-  // TODO(https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/19632): Move throttle time Metric to a dedicated
-  // namespace.
   protected static final String DATASTORE_THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE =
       "org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.datastore.DatastoreV1$DatastoreWriterFn";
   protected static final String HTTP_CLIENT_API_THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE =
@@ -79,7 +77,6 @@ public class BatchModeExecutionContext
       "org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.bigquery.BigQueryServicesImpl$DatasetServiceImpl";
   protected static final String BIGQUERY_READ_THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE =
       "org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.bigquery.BigQueryServicesImpl$StorageClientImpl";
-  protected static final String THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME = "throttling-msecs";
 
   // TODO(BEAM-31814): Remove once Dataflow legacy runner supports this.
   private final boolean populateStringSetMetrics;
@@ -550,34 +547,43 @@ public Iterable<CounterUpdate> extractMsecCounters(boolean isFinalUpdate) {
   public Long extractThrottleTime() {
     long totalThrottleMsecs = 0L;
     for (MetricsContainerImpl container : containerRegistry.getContainers()) {
-      // TODO(https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/19632): Update throttling counters to use
-      // generic throttling-msecs metric.
+      CounterCell userThrottlingTime =
+          container.tryGetCounter(
+              MetricName.named(
+                  Metrics.THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE, Metrics.THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME));
+      if (userThrottlingTime != null) {
+        totalThrottleMsecs += userThrottlingTime.getCumulative();
+      }
+
       CounterCell dataStoreThrottlingTime =
           container.tryGetCounter(
-              MetricName.named(DATASTORE_THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE, THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME));
+              MetricName.named(
+                  DATASTORE_THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE, Metrics.THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME));
       if (dataStoreThrottlingTime != null) {
         totalThrottleMsecs += dataStoreThrottlingTime.getCumulative();
       }
 
       CounterCell httpClientApiThrottlingTime =
           container.tryGetCounter(
               MetricName.named(
-                  HTTP_CLIENT_API_THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE, THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME));
+                  HTTP_CLIENT_API_THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE, Metrics.THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME));
       if (httpClientApiThrottlingTime != null) {
         totalThrottleMsecs += httpClientApiThrottlingTime.getCumulative();
       }
 
       CounterCell bigqueryStreamingInsertThrottleTime =
           container.tryGetCounter(
               MetricName.named(
-                  BIGQUERY_STREAMING_INSERT_THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE, THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME));
+                  BIGQUERY_STREAMING_INSERT_THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE,
+                  Metrics.THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME));
       if (bigqueryStreamingInsertThrottleTime != null) {
         totalThrottleMsecs += bigqueryStreamingInsertThrottleTime.getCumulative();
       }
 
       CounterCell bigqueryReadThrottleTime =
           container.tryGetCounter(
-              MetricName.named(BIGQUERY_READ_THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE, THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME));
+              MetricName.named(
+                  BIGQUERY_READ_THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE, Metrics.THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME));
       if (bigqueryReadThrottleTime != null) {
         totalThrottleMsecs += bigqueryReadThrottleTime.getCumulative();
       }

runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/DataflowSystemMetrics.java

@@ -20,15 +20,14 @@
 import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.counters.CounterName;
 import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.counters.NameContext;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.MetricName;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.Metrics;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
 
 /** This holds system metrics related constants used in Batch and Streaming. */
 public class DataflowSystemMetrics {
 
   public static final MetricName THROTTLING_MSECS_METRIC_NAME =
-      MetricName.named("dataflow-throttling-metrics", "throttling-msecs");
-
-  // TODO: Provide an utility in SDK 'ThrottlingReporter' to update throttling time.
+      MetricName.named("dataflow-throttling-metrics", Metrics.THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME);
 
   /** System counters populated by streaming dataflow workers. */
   public enum StreamingSystemCounterNames {

runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/StreamingDataflowWorker.java

@@ -93,13 +93,13 @@
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.fn.JvmInitializers;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.FileSystems;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.bigquery.BigQuerySinkMetrics;
-import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.MetricName;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.MetricsEnvironment;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.util.construction.CoderTranslation;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.grpc.v1p60p1.io.grpc.ManagedChannel;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
-import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.collect.*;
+import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.net.HostAndPort;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.Uninterruptibles;
@@ -113,14 +113,6 @@
   "nullness" // TODO(https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/20497)
 })
 public class StreamingDataflowWorker {
-
-  // TODO(https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/19632): Update throttling counters to use generic
-  // throttling-msecs metric.
-  public static final MetricName BIGQUERY_STREAMING_INSERT_THROTTLE_TIME =
-      MetricName.named(
-          "org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.bigquery.BigQueryServicesImpl$DatasetServiceImpl",
-          "throttling-msecs");
-
   /**
    * Sinks are marked 'full' in {@link StreamingModeExecutionContext} once the amount of data sinked
    * (across all the sinks, if there are more than one) reaches this limit. This serves as hint for

runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/streaming/StageInfo.java

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.streaming;
 
-import static org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.DataflowSystemMetrics.THROTTLING_MSECS_METRIC_NAME;
+import static org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.Metrics.THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME;
 
 import com.google.api.services.dataflow.model.CounterStructuredName;
 import com.google.api.services.dataflow.model.CounterUpdate;
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.DataflowSystemMetrics;
 import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.MetricsContainerRegistry;
-import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.StreamingDataflowWorker;
 import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.StreamingModeExecutionContext.StreamingModeExecutionStateRegistry;
 import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.StreamingStepMetricsContainer;
 import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.counters.Counter;
@@ -93,20 +92,13 @@ public List<CounterUpdate> extractCounterUpdates() {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Checks if the step counter affects any per-stage counters. Currently 'throttled_millis' is the
+   * Checks if the step counter affects any per-stage counters. Currently 'throttled-msecs' is the
    * only counter updated.
    */
   private void translateKnownStepCounters(CounterUpdate stepCounterUpdate) {
     CounterStructuredName structuredName =
         stepCounterUpdate.getStructuredNameAndMetadata().getName();
-    if ((THROTTLING_MSECS_METRIC_NAME.getNamespace().equals(structuredName.getOriginNamespace())
-            && THROTTLING_MSECS_METRIC_NAME.getName().equals(structuredName.getName()))
-        || (StreamingDataflowWorker.BIGQUERY_STREAMING_INSERT_THROTTLE_TIME
-                .getNamespace()
-                .equals(structuredName.getOriginNamespace())
-            && StreamingDataflowWorker.BIGQUERY_STREAMING_INSERT_THROTTLE_TIME
-                .getName()
-                .equals(structuredName.getName()))) {
+    if (THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME.equals(structuredName.getName())) {
       long msecs = DataflowCounterUpdateExtractor.splitIntToLong(stepCounterUpdate.getInteger());
       if (msecs > 0) {
         throttledMsecs().addValue(msecs);

runners/google-cloud-dataflow-java/worker/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/runners/dataflow/worker/BatchModeExecutionContextTest.java

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.Counter;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.Distribution;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.MetricName;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.Metrics;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.MetricsContainer;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.StringSet;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsFactory;
@@ -266,7 +267,7 @@ public void extractThrottleTimeCounters() {
             .getCounter(
                 MetricName.named(
                     BatchModeExecutionContext.DATASTORE_THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE,
-                    BatchModeExecutionContext.THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME));
+                    Metrics.THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME));
     counter.inc(12000);
     counter.inc(17000);
     counter.inc(1000);

sdks/java/core/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/metrics/Metrics.java

@@ -109,6 +109,13 @@ public static StringSet stringSet(Class<?> namespace, String name) {
     return new DelegatingStringSet(MetricName.named(namespace, name));
   }
 
+  /*
+   * A dedicated namespace for client throttling time. User DoFn can increment this metrics and then
+   * runner will put back pressure on scaling decision, if supported.
+   */
+  public static final String THROTTLE_TIME_NAMESPACE = "beam-throttling-metrics";
+  public static final String THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME = "throttling-msecs";
+
   /**
    * Implementation of {@link Distribution} that delegates to the instance for the current context.
    */

sdks/java/core/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/metrics/MetricsEnvironment.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.annotations.Internal;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.util.StringUtils;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
@@ -134,10 +135,14 @@ public void close() throws IOException {
     if (container == null && REPORTED_MISSING_CONTAINER.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
       if (isMetricsSupported()) {
         LOG.error(
-            "Unable to update metrics on the current thread. "
-                + "Most likely caused by using metrics outside the managed work-execution thread.");
+            "Unable to update metrics on the current thread. Most likely caused by using metrics "
+                + "outside the managed work-execution thread:\n  {}",
+            StringUtils.arrayToNewlines(Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace(), 10));
       } else {
-        LOG.warn("Reporting metrics are not supported in the current execution environment.");
+        // rate limiting this log as it can be emitted each time metrics incremented
+        LOG.warn(
+            "Reporting metrics are not supported in the current execution environment:\n  {}",
+            StringUtils.arrayToNewlines(Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace(), 10));
       }
     }
     return container;

sdks/java/core/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/util/StringUtils.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.annotations.Internal;
+import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 
 /** Utilities for working with JSON and other human-readable string formats. */
 @Internal
@@ -143,4 +144,38 @@ public static int getLevenshteinDistance(final String s, final String t) {
 
     return v1[t.length()];
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert Array to new lined String. Truncate to first {@code maxLine} elements.
+   *
+   * <p>Useful to truncate stacktrace and for logging.
+   */
+  public static String arrayToNewlines(Object[] array, int maxLine) {
+    int n = (maxLine > 0 && array.length > maxLine) ? maxLine : array.length;
+    StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      b.append(array[i]);
+      b.append("\n");
+    }
+    if (array.length > maxLine) {
+      b.append("...\n");
+    }
+    return b.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Truncate String if length greater than maxLen, and append "..." to the end. Handles null.
+   *
+   * <p>Useful to truncate long logging message.
+   */
+  public static String leftTruncate(@Nullable Object element, int maxLen) {
+    if (element == null) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    String s = element.toString();
+    if (s.length() > maxLen) {
+      return s.substring(0, maxLen) + "...";
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
 }

sdks/java/core/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/util/StringUtilsTest.java

@@ -17,9 +17,13 @@
  */
 package org.apache.beam.sdk.util;
 
+import static org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.countMatches;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
@@ -54,4 +58,23 @@ public void testLevenshteinDistance() {
     assertEquals(1, StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance("abc", "ab1c")); // insertion
     assertEquals(1, StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance("abc", "a1c")); // modification
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testArrayToNewlines() {
+    Object[] uuids = IntStream.range(1, 10).mapToObj(unused -> UUID.randomUUID()).toArray();
+
+    String r1 = StringUtils.arrayToNewlines(uuids, 6);
+    assertTrue(r1.endsWith("...\n"));
+    assertEquals(7, countMatches(r1, "\n"));
+    String r2 = StringUtils.arrayToNewlines(uuids, 15);
+    String r3 = StringUtils.arrayToNewlines(uuids, 10);
+    assertEquals(r3, r2);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testLeftTruncate() {
+    assertEquals("", StringUtils.leftTruncate(null, 3));
+    assertEquals("", StringUtils.leftTruncate("", 3));
+    assertEquals("abc...", StringUtils.leftTruncate("abcd", 3));
+  }
 }

sdks/java/extensions/google-cloud-platform-core/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/gcp/util/RetryHttpRequestInitializer.java

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ private static class LoggingHttpBackOffHandler
     private final Set<Integer> ignoredResponseCodes;
     // aggregate the total time spent in exponential backoff
     private final Counter throttlingMsecs =
-        Metrics.counter(LoggingHttpBackOffHandler.class, "throttling-msecs");
+        Metrics.counter(LoggingHttpBackOffHandler.class, Metrics.THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME);
     private int ioExceptionRetries;
     private int unsuccessfulResponseRetries;
     private @Nullable CustomHttpErrors customHttpErrors;

sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/bigquery/BigQueryServicesImpl.java

@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ public static class DatasetServiceImpl implements DatasetService {
     private final long maxRowBatchSize;
     // aggregate the total time spent in exponential backoff
     private final Counter throttlingMsecs =
-        Metrics.counter(DatasetServiceImpl.class, "throttling-msecs");
+        Metrics.counter(DatasetServiceImpl.class, Metrics.THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME);
 
     private @Nullable BoundedExecutorService executor;
 
@@ -1663,7 +1663,7 @@ public void cancel() {
   static class StorageClientImpl implements StorageClient {
 
     public static final Counter THROTTLING_MSECS =
-        Metrics.counter(StorageClientImpl.class, "throttling-msecs");
+        Metrics.counter(StorageClientImpl.class, Metrics.THROTTLE_TIME_COUNTER_NAME);
 
     private transient long unreportedDelay = 0L;