Visdom

A flexible tool for creating, organizing, and sharing visualizations of live, rich data. Supports Torch and Numpy.

• Overview
• Concepts
• Setup
• Usage
• API
• To Do
• Contributing

Overview

Visdom aims to facilitate visualization of (remote) data with an emphasis on supporting scientific experimentation.

Broadcast visualizations of plots, images, and text for yourself and your collaborators.

Organize your visualization space programmatically or through the UI to create dashboards for live data, inspect results of experiments, or debug experimental code.

Concepts

Visdom has a simple set of features that can be composed for various use-cases.

Windows

The UI begins as a blank slate -- you can populate it with plots, images, and text. These appear in windows that you can drag, drop, resize, and destroy. The windows live in envs and the state of envs is stored across sessions. You can download the content of windows -- including your plots in svg.

Tip: You can use the zoom of your browser to adjust the scale of the UI.

Callbacks

The python Visdom implementation supports callbacks on a window. The demo shows an example of this in the form of an editable text pad. The functionality of these callbacks allows the Visdom object to receive and react to events that happen in the frontend.

You can subscribe a window to events by adding a function to the event handlers dict for the window id you want to subscribe by calling viz.register_event_handler(handler, win_id) with your handler and the window id. Multiple handlers can be registered to the same window. You can remove all event handlers from a window using viz.clear_event_handlers(win_id). When an event occurs to that window, your callbacks will be called on a dict containing:

• event_type: one of the below event types
• pane_data: all of the stored contents for that window including layout and content.
• eid: the current environment id
• target: the window id the event is called on

Additional parameters are defined below.

Right now two callback events are supported:

1. Close - Triggers when a window is closed. Returns a dict with only the aforementioned fields.
2. KeyPress - Triggers when a key is pressed. Contains additional parameters:
   • key - A string representation of the key pressed (applying state modifiers such as SHIFT)
   • key_code - The javascript event keycode for the pressed key (no modifiers)

Environments

You can partition your visualization space with envs. By default, every user will have an env called main. New envs can be created in the UI or programmatically. The state of envs is chronically saved. Environments are able to keep entirely different pools of plots.

You can access a specific env via url: http://localhost.com:8097/env/main. If your server is hosted, you can share this url so others can see your visualizations too.

Environments are automatically hierarchically organized by the first _.

Selecting Environments

From the main page it is possible to toggle between different environments using the environment selector. Selecting a new environment will query the server for the plots that exist in that environment. The environment selector allows for searching and filtering for the new enironment.

Comparing Environments

From the main page it is possible to compare different environments using the environment selector. Selecting multiple environments in the check box will query the server for the plots with the same titles in all environments and plot them in a single plot. An additional compare legend pane is created with a number corresponding to each selected environment. Individual plots are updated with legends corresponding to "x_name" where x is a number corresponding with the compare legend pane and name is the original name in the legend.

Clearing Environments

You can use the eraser button to remove all of the current contents of an environment. This closes the plot windows for that environment but keeps the empty environment for new plots.

Managing Environments

Pressing the folder icon opens a dialog that allows you to fork or force save the current environment, or delete any of your existing environments. Use of this feature is fully described in the State section.

Env Files: Your envs are loaded at initialization of the server, by default from $HOME/.visdom/. Custom paths can be passed as a cmd-line argument. Envs are removed by using the delete button or by deleting the corresponding .json file from the env dir.

State

Once you've created a few visualizations, state is maintained. The server automatically caches your visualizations -- if you reload the page, your visualizations reappear.

• Save: You can manually do so with the save button. This will serialize the env's state (to disk, in JSON), including window positions. You can save an env programmatically.
  This is helpful for more sophisticated visualizations in which configuration is meaningful, e.g. a data-rich demo, a model training dashboard, or systematic experimentation. This also makes them easy to share and reuse.

• Fork: If you enter a new env name, saving will create a new env -- effectively forking the previous env.

Tip: Fork an environment before you begin to make edits to ensure that your changes are saved seperately.

Filter

You can use the filter to dynamically sift through windows present in an env -- just provide a regular expression with which to match titles of window you want to show. This can be helpful in use cases involving an env with many windows e.g. when systematically checking experimental results.

Note: If you have saved your current view, the view will be restored after clearing the filter.

Views

It is possible to manage the views simply by dragging the tops of windows around, however additional features exist to keep views organized and save common views. View management can be useful for saving and switching between multiple common organizations of your windows.

Saving/Deleting Views

Using the folder icon, a dialog window opens where views can be forked in the same way that envs can be. Saving a view will retain the position and sizes of all of the windows in a given environment. Views are saved in $HOME/.visdom/view/layouts.json in the visdom filepath.

Note: Saved views are static, and editing a saved view copies that view over to the current view where editing can occur.

Re-Packing

Using the repack icon (9 boxes), visdom will attempt to pack your windows in a way that they best fit while retaining row/column ordering.

Note: Due to the reliance on row/column ordering and ReactGridLayout the final layout might be slightly different than what might be expected. We're working on improving that experience or providing alternatives that give more fine-tuned control.

Reloading Views

Using the view dropdown it is possible to select previously saved views, restoring the locations and sizes of all of the windows within the current environment to the places they were when that view was saved last.

Setup

Requires Python 2.7/3 (and optionally Torch7)

# Install Python server and client from pip
# (STABLE VERSION, NOT ALL CURRENT FEATURES ARE SUPPORTED)
pip install visdom

# Install Torch client
# (STABLE VERSION, NOT ALL CURRENT FEATURES ARE SUPPORTED)
luarocks install visdom

# Install python from source
pip install -e .
# If the above runs into issues, you can try the below
easy_install .

# Install Torch client from source (from th directory)
luarocks make

Usage

Start the server (probably in a screen or tmux) :

python -m visdom.server

Visdom now can be accessed by going to http://localhost:8097 in your browser, or your own host address if specified.

If the above does not work, try using an SSH tunnel to your server by adding the following line to your local ~/.ssh/config: LocalForward 127.0.0.1:8097 127.0.0.1:8097.

Command Line Options

The following options can be provided to the server:

1. -port : The port to run the server on.
2. -env_path : The path to the serialized session to reload.
3. -logging_level : Logging level (default = INFO). Accepts both standard text and numeric logging values.
4. -readonly : Flag to start server in readonly mode.

Python example

import visdom
import numpy as np
vis = visdom.Visdom()
vis.text('Hello, world!')
vis.image(np.ones((3, 10, 10)))

Torch example

require 'image'
vis = require 'visdom'()
vis:text{text = 'Hello, world!'}
vis:image{img = image.fabio()}

Some users have reported issues when connecting Lua clients to the Visdom server. A potential work-around may be to switch off IPv6:

vis = require 'visdom'()
vis.ipv6 = false  -- switches off IPv6
vis:text{text = 'Hello, world!'}

Demos

python example/demo.py
th example/demo1.lua
th example/demo2.lua

API

For a quick introduction into the capabilities of visdom, have a look at the example directory, or read the details below.

Basics

Visdom offers the following basic visualization functions:

• vis.image : image
• vis.images : list of images
• vis.text : arbitrary HTML
• vis.audio : audio
• vis.video : videos
• vis.svg : SVG object
• vis.matplot : matplotlib plot
• vis.save : serialize state server-side

Plotting

We have wrapped several common plot types to make creating basic visualizations easily. These visualizations are powered by Plotly.

The following API is currently supported:

• vis.scatter : 2D or 3D scatter plots
• vis.line : line plots
• vis.updateTrace : update existing line/scatter plots
• vis.stem : stem plots
• vis.heatmap : heatmap plots
• vis.bar : bar graphs
• vis.histogram : histograms
• vis.boxplot : boxplots
• vis.surf : surface plots
• vis.contour : contour plots
• vis.quiver : quiver plots
• vis.mesh : mesh plots

Generic Plots

Note that the server API adheres to the Plotly convention of data and layout objects, such that you can produce your own arbitrary Plotly visualizations:

import visdom
vis = visdom.Visdom()

trace = dict(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[4, 5, 6], mode="markers+lines", type='custom',
             marker={'color': 'red', 'symbol': 104, 'size': "10"},
             text=["one", "two", "three"], name='1st Trace')
layout = dict(title="First Plot", xaxis={'title': 'x1'}, yaxis={'title': 'x2'})

vis._send({'data': [trace], 'layout': layout, 'win': 'mywin'})

Others

• vis.close : close a window by id
• vis.win_exists : check if a window already exists by id
• vis.get_window_data: get current data for a window
• vis.check_connection: check if the server is connected

Details

Basics

vis.image

This function draws an img. It takes as input an CxHxW tensor img that contains the image.

The following opts are supported:

• opts.jpgquality: JPG quality (number 0-100; default = 100)
• opts.caption: Caption for the image

vis.images

This function draws a list of images. It takes an input B x C x H x W tensor or a list of images all of the same size. It makes a grid of images of size (B / nrow, nrow).

The following arguments and opts are supported:

• nrow: Number of images in a row
• padding: Padding around the image, equal padding around all 4 sides
• opts.jpgquality: JPG quality (number 0-100; default = 100)
• opts.caption: Caption for the image

vis.text

This function prints text in a box. You can use this to embed arbitrary HTML. It takes as input a text string. No specific opts are currently supported.

vis.audio

This function plays audio. It takes as input the filename of the audio file or an N tensor containing the waveform (use an Nx2 matrix for stereo audio). The function does not support any plot-specific opts.

The following opts are supported:

• opts.sample_frequency: sample frequency (integer > 0; default = 44100)

Known issue: Visdom uses scipy to convert tensor inputs to wave files. Some versions of Chrome are known not to play these wave files (Firefox and Safari work fine).

vis.video

This function plays a video. It takes as input the filename of the video videofile or a LxHxWxC-sized tensor containing all the frames of the video as input. The function does not support any plot-specific opts.

The following opts are supported:

• opts.fps: FPS for the video (integer > 0; default = 25)

Note: Using tensor input requires that ffmpeg is installed and working. Your ability to play video may depend on the browser you use: your browser has to support the Theano codec in an OGG container (Chrome supports this).

vis.svg

This function draws an SVG object. It takes as input a SVG string svgstr or the name of an SVG file svgfile. The function does not support any specific opts.

vis.matplot

This function draws a Matplotlib plot. The function does not support any plot-specific opts.

vis.save

This function saves the envs that are alive on the visdom server. It takes input a list (in python) or table (in lua) of env ids to be saved.

Plotting

Further details on the wrapped plotting functions are given below.

The exact inputs into the plotting functions vary, although most of them take as input a tensor X than contains the data and an (optional) tensor Y that contains optional data variables (such as labels or timestamps). All plotting functions take as input an optional win that can be used to plot into a specific window; each plotting function also returns the win of the window it plotted in. One can also specify the env to which the visualization should be added.

vis.scatter

This function draws a 2D or 3D scatter plot. It takes as input an Nx2 or Nx3 tensor X that specifies the locations of the N points in the scatter plot. An optional N tensor Y containing discrete labels that range between 1 and K can be specified as well -- the labels will be reflected in the colors of the markers.

update can be used to efficiently update the data of an existing plot. Use 'append' to append data, 'replace' to use new data, or 'remove' to remove the trace specified by name. If updating a single trace, use name to specify the name of the trace to be updated. Update data that is all NaN is ignored (can be used for masking update).

The following opts are supported:

• opts.colormap : colormap (string; default = 'Viridis')
• opts.markersymbol: marker symbol (string; default = 'dot')
• opts.markersize : marker size (number; default = '10')
• opts.markercolor : color per marker. (torch.*Tensor; default = nil)
• opts.legend : table containing legend names
• opts.textlabels : text label for each point (list: default = None)
• opts.layoutopts : dict of any additional options that the graph backend accepts for a layout. For example layoutopts = {'plotly': {'legend': {'x':0, 'y':0}}}.
• opts.traceopts : dict mapping trace names or indices to dicts of additional options that the graph backend accepts. For example traceopts = {'plotly': {'myTrace': {'mode': 'markers'}}}.

opts.markercolor is a Tensor with Integer values. The tensor can be of size N or N x 3 or K or K x 3.

• Tensor of size N: Single intensity value per data point. 0 = black, 255 = red
• Tensor of size N x 3: Red, Green and Blue intensities per data point. 0,0,0 = black, 255,255,255 = white
• Tensor of size K and K x 3: Instead of having a unique color per data point, the same color is shared for all points of a particular label.

vis.line

This function draws a line plot. It takes as input an N or NxM tensor Y that specifies the values of the M lines (that connect N points) to plot. It also takes an optional X tensor that specifies the corresponding x-axis values; X can be an N tensor (in which case all lines will share the same x-axis values) or have the same size as Y.

update can be used to efficiently update the data of an existing plot. Use 'append' to append data, 'replace' to use new data, or 'remove' to remove the trace specified by name. If updating a single trace, use name to specify the name of the trace to be updated. Update data that is all NaN is ignored (can be used for masking update).

The following opts are supported:

• opts.fillarea : fill area below line (boolean)
• opts.colormap : colormap (string; default = 'Viridis')
• opts.markers : show markers (boolean; default = false)
• opts.markersymbol: marker symbol (string; default = 'dot')
• opts.markersize : marker size (number; default = '10')
• opts.legend : table containing legend names
• opts.layoutopts : dict of any additional options that the graph backend accepts for a layout. For example layoutopts = {'plotly': {'legend': {'x':0, 'y':0}}}.
• opts.traceopts : dict mapping trace names or indices to dicts of additional options that plot.ly accepts for a trace.

vis.updateTrace

This function allows updating of data for extant line or scatter plots.

It is up to the user to specify name of an existing trace if they want to add to it, and a new name if they want to add a trace to the plot. By default, if no legend is specified at time of first creation, the name is the index of the line in the legend.

If no name is specified, all traces should be updated. Trace update data that is all NaN is ignored; this can be used for masking update.

The append parameter determines if the update data should be appended to or replaces existing data.

There are no opts because they are assumed to be inherited from the specified plot.

Note: This function will be deprecated in upcoming versions.

vis.stem

This function draws a stem plot. It takes as input an N or NxM tensor X that specifies the values of the N points in the M time series. An optional N or NxM tensor Y containing timestamps can be specified as well; if Y is an N tensor then all M time series are assumed to have the same timestamps.

The following opts are supported:

• opts.colormap: colormap (string; default = 'Viridis')
• opts.legend : table containing legend names
• opts.layoutopts : dict of any additional options that the graph backend accepts for a layout. For example layoutopts = {'plotly': {'legend': {'x':0, 'y':0}}}.

vis.heatmap

This function draws a heatmap. It takes as input an NxM tensor X that specifies the value at each location in the heatmap.

The following opts are supported:

• opts.colormap : colormap (string; default = 'Viridis')
• opts.xmin : clip minimum value (number; default = X:min())
• opts.xmax : clip maximum value (number; default = X:max())
• opts.columnnames: table containing x-axis labels
• opts.rownames : table containing y-axis labels
• opts.layoutopts : dict of any additional options that the graph backend accepts for a layout. For example layoutopts = {'plotly': {'legend': {'x':0, 'y':0}}}.

vis.bar

This function draws a regular, stacked, or grouped bar plot. It takes as input an N or NxM tensor X that specifies the height of each of the bars. If X contains M columns, the values corresponding to each row are either stacked or grouped (depending on how opts.stacked is set). In addition to X, an (optional) N tensor Y can be specified that contains the corresponding x-axis values.

The following plot-specific opts are currently supported:

• opts.rownames: table containing x-axis labels
• opts.stacked : stack multiple columns in X
• opts.legend : table containing legend labels
• opts.layoutopts : dict of any additional options that the graph backend accepts for a layout. For example layoutopts = {'plotly': {'legend': {'x':0, 'y':0}}}.

vis.histogram

This function draws a histogram of the specified data. It takes as input an N tensor X that specifies the data of which to construct the histogram.

The following plot-specific opts are currently supported:

• opts.numbins: number of bins (number; default = 30)
• opts.layoutopts : dict of any additional options that the graph backend accepts for a layout. For example layoutopts = {'plotly': {'legend': {'x':0, 'y':0}}}.

vis.boxplot

This function draws boxplots of the specified data. It takes as input an N or an NxM tensor X that specifies the N data values of which to construct the M boxplots.

The following plot-specific opts are currently supported:

• opts.legend: labels for each of the columns in X
• opts.layoutopts : dict of any additional options that the graph backend accepts for a layout. For example layoutopts = {'plotly': {'legend': {'x':0, 'y':0}}}.

vis.surf

This function draws a surface plot. It takes as input an NxM tensor X that specifies the value at each location in the surface plot.

The following opts are supported:

• opts.colormap: colormap (string; default = 'Viridis')
• opts.xmin : clip minimum value (number; default = X:min())
• opts.xmax : clip maximum value (number; default = X:max())
• opts.layoutopts : dict of any additional options that the graph backend accepts for a layout. For example layoutopts = {'plotly': {'legend': {'x':0, 'y':0}}}.

vis.contour

This function draws a contour plot. It takes as input an NxM tensor X that specifies the value at each location in the contour plot.

The following opts are supported:

• opts.colormap: colormap (string; default = 'Viridis')
• opts.xmin : clip minimum value (number; default = X:min())
• opts.xmax : clip maximum value (number; default = X:max())
• opts.layoutopts : dict of any additional options that the graph backend accepts for a layout. For example layoutopts = {'plotly': {'legend': {'x':0, 'y':0}}}.

vis.quiver

This function draws a quiver plot in which the direction and length of the arrows is determined by the NxM tensors X and Y. Two optional NxM tensors gridX and gridY can be provided that specify the offsets of the arrows; by default, the arrows will be done on a regular grid.

The following opts are supported:

• opts.normalize: length of longest arrows (number)
• opts.arrowheads: show arrow heads (boolean; default = true)
• opts.layoutopts : dict of any additional options that the graph backend accepts for a layout. For example layoutopts = {'plotly': {'legend': {'x':0, 'y':0}}}.

vis.mesh

This function draws a mesh plot from a set of vertices defined in an Nx2 or Nx3 matrix X, and polygons defined in an optional Mx2 or Mx3 matrix Y.

The following opts are supported:

• opts.color: color (string)
• opts.opacity: opacity of polygons (number between 0 and 1)
• opts.layoutopts : dict of any additional options that the graph backend accepts for a layout. For example layoutopts = {'plotly': {'legend': {'x':0, 'y':0}}}.

Customizing plots

The plotting functions take an optional opts table as input that can be used to change (generic or plot-specific) properties of the plots. All input arguments are specified in a single table; the input arguments are matches based on the keys they have in the input table.

The following opts are generic in the sense that they are the same for all visualizations (except plot.image, plot.text, plot.video, and plot.audio):

• opts.title : figure title
• opts.width : figure width
• opts.height : figure height
• opts.showlegend : show legend (true or false)
• opts.xtype : type of x-axis ('linear' or 'log')
• opts.xlabel : label of x-axis
• opts.xtick : show ticks on x-axis (boolean)
• opts.xtickmin : first tick on x-axis (number)
• opts.xtickmax : last tick on x-axis (number)
• opts.xtickvals : locations of ticks on x-axis (table of numbers)
• opts.xticklabels : ticks labels on x-axis (table of strings)
• opts.xtickstep : distances between ticks on x-axis (number)
• opts.xtickfont : font for x-axis labels (dict of font information)
• opts.ytype : type of y-axis ('linear' or 'log')
• opts.ylabel : label of y-axis
• opts.ytick : show ticks on y-axis (boolean)
• opts.ytickmin : first tick on y-axis (number)
• opts.ytickmax : last tick on y-axis (number)
• opts.ytickvals : locations of ticks on y-axis (table of numbers)
• opts.yticklabels : ticks labels on y-axis (table of strings)
• opts.ytickstep : distances between ticks on y-axis (number)
• opts.ytickfont : font for y-axis labels (dict of font information)
• opts.marginleft : left margin (in pixels)
• opts.marginright : right margin (in pixels)
• opts.margintop : top margin (in pixels)
• opts.marginbottom: bottom margin (in pixels)

The other options are visualization-specific, and are described in the documentation of the functions.

Others

vis.close

This function closes a specific window. It takes input window id win and environment id eid. Use win as None to close all windows in an environment.

vis.win_exists

This function returns a bool indicating whether or not a window win exists on the server already. Returns None if something went wrong.

Optional arguments:

• env: Environment to search for the window in. Default is None.

vis.get_window_data

This function returns the window data for the given window. Returns data for all windows in an env if win is None.

Arguments:

• env: Environment to search for the window in.
• win: Window to return data for. Set to None to retrieve all the windows in an environment.

vis.check_connection

This function returns a bool indicating whether or not the server is connected.

To Do

• Command line tool for easy systematic plotting from live logs.
• Filtering through windows with regex by title (or meta field)
• Compiling react by python server at runtime

Contributing

See guidelines for contributing here.

Acknowledgments

Visdom was inspired by tools like display and relies on Plotly as a plotting front-end.