Adds initial draft for build systems (#93)

Co-authored-by: Victor Eijkhout <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Hanson <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Patrick Diehl <[email protected]>

sources/modules/compilation-model/buildsystems.md

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+## Module name: Build systems
+
+_Skeleton descriptions are typeset in italic text,_
+_so please don't remove these descriptions when editing the topic._
+
+### Overview
+
+_Provides a short natural language abstract of the module’s contents._
+_Specifies the different levels of teaching._
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Level             Objective
+----------------- ------------------------------------------------------
+Foundational      --- Knowledge about build systems
+
+Main              --- Usage of build system to compile a executable
+
+Advanced          --- Add external libraries as a dependencies  
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Motivation
+
+_Why is this important?_
+_Why do we want to learn/teach this topic?_
+
+* Building complex C++ projects by hand is tricky
+* Build systems can help to resolve dependencies
+* Build systems can help do distribute C++ code and help other to compile the code
+* Build systems can help to find and include libraries as dependencies
+* Build systems faciliate project management 
+* All major C++ projects are distributed with build systems 
+
+### Topic introduction
+
+_Very brief introduction to the topic._
+
+Build systems are used to configure, build, and install complex C++ projects. 
+
+
+### Foundational: Knowledge about build systems
+
+#### Background/Required Knowledge
+
+A student: 
+* Should know how to compile and link C++ programs
+
+
+#### Student outcomes
+
+_A list of things "a student should be able to" after the curriculum._
+_The next word should be an action word and testable in an exam._
+_Max 5 items._
+
+A student should be able to:
+
+1. To explain what a build system is
+2. To explain that a build systems resolves dependencies
+3. To explain that a build system supports compilation for different operating systems and architectures
+
+#### Caveats
+
+_This section mentions subtle points to understand, like anything resulting in
+implementation-defined, unspecified, or undefined behavior._
+
+None
+
+#### Points to cover
+
+_This section lists important details for each point._
+
+* Mention that many build systems are available for C++ 
+* Mention benefits and challenges
+* Build system help to only compile the C++ files with code changes and not the complete project
+
+### Main: Usage of build system to compile a executable
+
+#### Background/Required Knowledge
+
+* All of the above.
+
+#### Student outcomes
+
+A student should be able to:
+
+1. Download a C++ package and build the package
+2. Write a configuration file to compile a C++ executable
+3. Pass compiler options via the build system
+4. Use the build system to generate the executable
+5. Write a configuration file to compile a library and link the library to a C++ executable
+
+#### Caveats
+
+The instructions are restricted to the chosen build system and
+not easily transferable.
+
+
+#### Points to cover
+
+* Include paths to header files to the configuration 
+* Adding compiler flags
+* How to build Release and Debug builds
+* Linking external libraries to the C++ project
+* Support compilation on different operating systems, compilers, and architectures 
+
+
+### Advanced
+
+_These are important topics that are not expected to be covered but provide
+guidance where one can continue to investigate this topic in more depth._
+
+* How to build libraries 
+* How to have external libraries be downloaded during the build process
+* Mention that build systems provide support for unit testing
+