Release v0.5.0 · cue-lang/cue

This release focuses on changes to the implementation of comprehensions, the algorithm for detecting cycles in CUE, and the reimplementation of let comprehensions as fields.

Also included are a number of bug fixes and changes to help the KubeVela project upgrade off CUE v0.2.2 to the latest release. v0.5.0 is the first release since v0.4.3 back in April 2022. It has been a long time in the making, and is comprised of 277 commits.

It is worth noting that we do not plan nor wish for such long gaps between releases. For more details on upcoming releases and steps we are taking to increase release cadence as well as our confidence in each release, please see this discussion.

As a reminder: users can register their projects with unity, our regression and performance testing setup. unity is used to ensure that a project's CUE evaluations do not unexpectedly stop working, or regress in terms of performance. unity continues to catch multiple issues with each release. Adding your project to unity not only guarantees that we will not break your tests (if we do, we will work with you to fix your CUE code), but it also helps to improve the quality of each CUE release. We are currently in the process of releasing Unity as a GitHub App on the public Marketplace. Sign up to receive updates; we will be in touch as soon as the GitHub App is ready.

Thank you to @djosephsen, @joaopapereira, @mpvl, @mvdan, @myitcv, @qequ, @rogpeppe, @rytswd, @satotake, @spachava753, and @tmm1 for contributing to this release!

Project-level changes

Various CI-related changes have been made to simplify and streamline the GerritHub-based CI setup across the various CUE repositories. A common base package is vendored into each repository and used as a template for GitHub workflows and other configuration. For those interested in studying the setup, please see the files beneath internal/ci.

This release drops support for go1.16.x , go1.17.x and go1.18.x, is tested against go1.19.x and go1.20.x, and is built using go1.20.2.

Our dependency on github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal is upgraded to v1.9.0 and various testscript-related improvements have been made to CUE's tests.

GoReleaser has been upgrade to v1.16.2 as part of the release workflow. In a related change, CL 546920 moves us to a CUE-based source configuration for GoReleaser. This allows us to define the concept of 'latest', state which indicates whether we should perform the homebrew release and the Docker manifest latest steps. This fixes a long-standing bug whereby homebrew taps and Docker images were created for the latest release, regardless of whether that was a pre-release, or indeed a patch version of a non-current minor version.

As of CL 547507, CUE build artefacts published on GitHub are entirely reproducible, thanks to Go's support for reproducible, verifiable and verified builds.

Encoders

When cue import-ing YAML, the -R recursive flag now only recursively interprets text as YAML if it contains a newline CL 536902.

API

Various APIs have been transitioned to drop use of the deprecated cue.Runtime type, as well as migrating away from cue.Instance via cue.InstanceOrValue. Some use of these deprecated types remains: #1035, #1735, #1806. These will be tidied up in later releases as the API surface matures towards v1.0.0.

The cue package now supports InlineImports for Value.Syntax CL 541561. This leverages new support within the internal exporter to creating self-contained CUE. This change also deprecates Value.ResolveReferences().

Package cue adds Selector.Type to make it easier to pull out selector-specific information from a selector (for example, it makes it possible and cheap to retrieve the unquoted string label from a regular field selector) CL 542738.

Package cue adds Value.BuildInstance(). If a cue.Value exactly represents a package, BuildInstance() returns the build instance corresponding to the value CL 542769.

cue/stats is introduced as a new package for getting CUE operation statistics. The functionality is hoisted from internal/core/adt, but the package should for all practical purposes be seen as a new implementation. The stats have been aggregated as experimental functionality to the tools/flow package.

CL 546763 disallowed deprecated language features in the Go API. These features had long been deprecated in cmd/cue. This means that API operations will now fail on deprecated features whereas before they were handled in compatibility mode. The parser.FromVersion feature can be used to reenable these deprecated features.

Language

This release does not introduce any language changes. CL 537264 made some minor adjustments to the language specification to improve readability.

CL 541457 removes support for re-writing of old-style let declarations. This had already been deprecated for a long time and this change was made to enable support for aliases of embeddings.

Core evaluator

Per-field comprehensions

One of the major changes introduced in this release is how comprehensions are handled. CL 529524 move the evaluator to a model of per-field comprehensions.

Comprehensions are expanded for, if, and let clauses that yield zero or more structs to be embedded in the enclosing list or struct.

CUE does not allow cyclic dependencies between comprehensions if they result in an ambiguous set of fields. It does allow cascading insertions as in:

a?: int
b?: int
if a != _|_ {
    b: 2
}
if b != _|_ {
    c: 3
    d: 4
}

The way this works is that for fields with a fixed prefix path in a comprehension value, the comprehension is assigned to these respective fields.

More concretely, the above example is rewritten to:

a?: int
b: if a != _|_ { 2 }
c: if b != _|_ { 3 }
d: if b != _|_ { 4 }

where the fields with if clause are only inserted if their condition resolves to true. Note that this is not valid CUE; it may be in the future.

With this rewrite, dependencies in comprehension expressions are handled analogously to other expressions.

Note that a single comprehension may be distributed across multiple fields. The evaluator will ensure, however, that a comprehension is only evaluated once.

Analogous to reference cycles, as of CL 544129 we allow comprehensions to use the struct in which they are defined as source, as long as they do not introduce new fields, which would alter the source on which they iterate.

Reimplementation of cycle detection

The new algorithm is inspired by the cycle detection used by Tomabechi's ¹ and Van Lohuizen's ² graph unification algorithms.

Unlike with traditional graph unification, however, CUE uses references, which, unlike node equivalence, are unidirectional. This means that the technique to track equivalence through dereference, as common in graph unification algorithms like Tomabechi's, does not work unaltered.

The unidirectional nature of references imply that each reference equates an exact copy of the value it points to. This renders the original approach of node-pointer equivalence useless.

The new algorithm, a variant of Tomabechi's and Van Lohuizen's algorithm, looks at references equality on conjuncts, instead of node equality. This simplifies the accounting and allows for far simpler and precise accounting when using references instead of the traditional node equivalence.

More background info on cycles

We have to define when a cycle is detected. CUE implementations MUST report an error upon a structural cycle, and SHOULD report cycles at the shortest possible paths at which they occur, but MAY report these at deeper paths. For instance, the following CUE has a structural cycle:

f: g: f

The shortest path at which the cycle can be reported is f.g, but as all failed configurations are logically equal, it is fine for implementations to report them at f.g.g, for instance.

It is not, however, correct to assume that a reference to a parent is always a cycle. Consider this case:

a: [string]: b: a

Even though reference a refers to a parent node, the cycle needs to be fed by a concrete field in struct a to persist, meaning it cannot result in a cycle as defined in the spec as it is defined here. Note however, that a specialization of this configuration can result in a cycle. Consider

a: [string]: b: a
a: c: _

Here reference a is guaranteed to result in a structural cycle, as field c will match the pattern constraint unconditionally.

In other words, it is not possible to exclude tracking references across pattern constraints from cycle checking.

It is tempting to try to find a complete set of these edge cases with the aim to statically determine cases in which this occurs. But as Carpenter ³ demonstrates, it is possible for cycles to be created as a result of unifying two graphs that are themselves acyclic. The following example is a translation of Carpenters example to CUE:

y: {
	f: h: g
	g: _
}
x: {
	f: _
	g: f
}

Even though the above contains no cycles, the result of x & y is cyclic:

f: h: g
g: f

This means that, in practice, cycle detection has at least partially a dynamic component to it.

The language specification contains a higher-level and more complete overview of structural cycles.

Reimplementation of `let` comprehensions

CL 543362 made a change to internal/core to reimplement let comprehensions as fields. This makes it easier to track context as let comprehensions then follow the same paradigm as fields. It also allows debug information to be shown as to where lets are added in the tree. This change was accompanied by number of others that refined the approach.

Self-contained export

internal/core/export now implements an algorithm for generating self-contained CUE on export, an option that can further be refined by asking the exporter to inline imports. These internal changes manifest in changes to cue def and cuelang.org/go/cue that are described elsewhere.

Other changes

CL 545897 started tracking stats within the core CUE tests. This book keeping helps to spot likely regressions in performance early by collocating the stats with the CUE that is being evaluated.

Builtins

In the strconv package, strconv.FormatInt and strconv.FormatUint now support arbitary-precision format; see CL 538512.

CL 545898 improved the error messages for pkg builtins, by including the path in error in many cases, and passing a wrapped message for encoding/yaml.

CL 546237 allows incomplete list.MinItems constraints. Before it either returned false or true, ignoring that making a configuration more specific might still satisfy MinItems later on. CL 546238 made a similar change for struct.MinFields.

Tooling layer

Standard input is now parsed correctly in cue cmd-declared command tasks; see CL 541898.

`cmd/cue`

Version control system (VCS) information is included in cue version as of CL 540297. The Go version used to build cmd/cue is included as of CL 549302.

cue def now supports an --inline-imports flag which resolves imports to print a self-contained version of the command input. For example, given the txtar input:

-- cue.mod/module.cue --
module: "example.com/a"

-- in.cue --
package a

import "example.com/a/pkg"
import "list"

v: pkg.v

-- pkg/pkg.cue --
package pkg

v: { x: 3, y: x }

The running cue def --inline-imports in.cue will give:

package a

import "list"

v: {
	x: 3
	y: x
}

CL 546243 fixed a long-standing bug whereby the --ignore errors flag was not observed by cue eval.

Changelog

[release-branch.v0.5] internal/ci: use go1.19.8 for the release of v0.5.0 by @myitcv in d780488
internal/ci: fix cache eviction by @myitcv in a1d9054
internal/ci: address review feedback from CL 551352 by @myitcv in af01db1
internal/ci: allow trybot workflows to be workflow_dispatch-ed by @myitcv in 22156ef
internal/ci: refactor CI workflows by @myitcv in a4403eb
internal/ci: remove hard-codings in base package by @myitcv in 0eaee71
internal/ci: move evict_caches to base by @myitcv in 584b21e
internal/ci: remove mention of matrix and runner from base by @myitcv in 7c07680
internal/ci: remove trybot from push branches by @myitcv in 9f3af8f
internal/ci: refactor base caching pattern by @myitcv in 390bca5
internal/ci: drop pullThroughProxy step by @myitcv in a14fbf4
[release-branch.v0.5] internal/ci: bring inline with be0601b by @myitcv in f4d04a7
internal/ci: bump pinned version of Go for releases by @mvdan in 374a2cc
internal/core/adt: revert fix for 2209 by @mpvl in c0421b4
internal/core/adt: fix possible infinte loop for API usage by @mpvl in 1ce9120
internal/core/adt: fix regression in comparing to bottom by @mpvl in 87c79ef
internal/core/adt: remove unnecessary check by @mpvl in 28321f6
internal/core/adt: detect closed lists as fatal errors by @mpvl in 5d42c6c
internal/core/adt: sharpen condition for scalar setting by @mpvl in 3ba76ba
internal/ci: fix goreleaser in non-snapshot mode again by @mvdan in 576d0e4
internal/core/adt: fix 2235 by @mpvl in ca411de
internal/core/adt: add tests for 2235 by @mpvl in 89693e1
cmd/cue: include Go in the version command by @mvdan in 9b1f248
internal/ci: fix and test the release workflow on branches by @mvdan in 63749fe
cmd/cue: add evaluator stats support by @mpvl in d573e0c
cmd/cue: add tests for issue 345 by @mpvl in 352a736
internal/core/adt: filter more disjunctions by @mpvl in 5a6bd19
internal/core/adt: add tests for 2209 by @mpvl in 6b45d7e
internal/core/adt: improve mechanism for conjunct insertion by @mpvl in 887f564
internal/core/adt: add tests for conjunct insertion by @mpvl in 81e4cba
internal/core/adt: only set scalar if not already defined by @mpvl in f23e3d5
github: bring the bug report template up to date by @mvdan in b75fdc8
internal/ci: make github CLI shell invocations safer by @mvdan in 94765d6
internal/core: clone let upon use of for var references by @mpvl in 3a79e96
internal/core/debug: change notation for "multi" lets by @mpvl in fd05908
internal/core/adt: don't add errors to "void" arcs by @mpvl in 0b41dbb
cue/testdata/benchmarks: add benchmark for let key by @mpvl in a8d7c59
internal/core/adt: evaluate expressions directly by @mpvl in 8fb13d4
internal/core/eval: node should not finalize itself mid flight by @mpvl in 9d27e0d
cmd/cue: don't panic in vet if a schema has incomplete errors by @mvdan in f6841d1
internal/ci: deploy tip.cuelang.org via repository_dispatch by @myitcv in 632cc62
internal/ci: enable push_to_tip_trybot by @myitcv in fe692c5
internal/ci: apply various CI-related changes from cuelang.org repo by @myitcv in 4eaa946
internal/ci/goreleaser: actually make builds reproducible by @myitcv in 45aa5c0
internal/ci/goreleaser: make builds reproducible by @myitcv in 16edb00
cue/export/extract: fix comments with comprehensions by @mpvl in 959dc46
internal/core/adt: don't evaluate inlined structs prematurely by @mpvl in 45ff282
internal/core/adt: add tests for issue #2163 by @mpvl in a9f4fc3
internal/ci: review follow-up changes to goreleaser_tool.cue by @mvdan in 7ea44a3
internal/ci: switch to CUE based definition for goreleaser by @myitcv in 79a476b
internal/ci: import for current goreleaser configuration by @myitcv in e69c517
internal/ci: upgrade to later GitHub workflow schema by @myitcv in f036b34
internal/ci: upgrade to latest GoReleaser version by @myitcv in 248f2b3
goreleaser: formatting changes in Yaml file by @myitcv in e93b5ed
internal/ci: use newer versions of the docker github actions by @mvdan in f56600d
internal/core/adt: base error mode on requested state by @mpvl in 214e112
internal/core/adt: only set validation result when safe by @mpvl in 88857e0
internal/core/adt: pass desired state to more functions by @mpvl in 55cdb74
internal/core/adt: pass more state around by @mpvl in 3dfeb41
internal/core/adt: pass state to validation by @mpvl in 0954c6f
internal/core/adt: pass state to evaluate by @mpvl in 7d50228
internal/core/adt: avoid duplicate insertion of conjuncts by @mpvl in d341814
internal/core/adt: tighten uniqueness of conjuncts by @mpvl in a68c6ce
cue/parser: disallow deprecated language features in API by @mpvl in 67ace83
internal/core/adt: remove nested comprehension special casing by @mpvl in 3c0b2ec
README: fix the stale GitHub Actions badge by @mvdan in 4fee020
internal/core/adt: disambiguate let cache by @mpvl in 43fc681
internal/core/adt: update stats to fix build breakage by @mpvl in a800e6f
internal/core/adt: merge Conjunct and Partial processing by @mpvl in 121894c
internal/core/adt: remove assertion by @mpvl in 129c343
internal/core/adt: add test cases for issue 2119 by @mpvl in 2499719
internal/core/adt: add tests related to Issue #2113 by @mpvl in 525648d
internal/core/adt: evaluate let fields earlier in comprehensions by @mpvl in e5fb5af
internal/core/adt: detect cycles in patterns by @mpvl in c048135
cue: update Value.Source doc comment by @rogpeppe in 45ce7a3
tools/flow: add debug support via CUE_DEBUG_TOOLS_FLOW by @myitcv in d85f950
internal/core/adt: fix comprehension cycle regression by @mpvl in 32bfffd
internal/core/adt: add tests to address regressions by @mpvl in 82bf036
internal/core/adt: split some tests into files by @mpvl in 69ee994
infra: upgrade goreleaser by @myitcv in 7bdeb14
doc: simple whitespace change to track down GerritHub replication issue by @myitcv in 1bb7fed
cmd/cue: fix --ignore errors flag by @mpvl in ab14c86
pkg/list: make error of MaxItems consistent with MinItems by @mpvl in c5fbbab
pkg/struct: fix MinFields analogously to MinItems by @mpvl in 849371d
all: remove mistakenly added file by @mpvl in 68445d8
internal/core/adt: fix panic using builtin validators by @mpvl in 9bbc14b
internal/core/adt: don't bump state by @mpvl in b18d00f
internal/core/adt: prevent early error assignment by @mpvl in 27b6e87
internal/core/adt: relax cycle tracking by @mpvl in 9c761dd
pkg/internal: allow incomplete list.MinItems by @mpvl in 354f4e6
internal/core/adt: add tests for #2052 by @mpvl in 6162b95
internal/core/adt: fix redundant errors in calls by @mpvl in 959605e
drop support for Go 1.17.x ahead of the v0.5 release by @mvdan in 0292e7f
internal/core/adt: improved reporting disjunction errors by @mpvl in a8d68ad
internal/core/adt: avoid uninformative cyclic error by @mpvl in 1d8d8ff
internal/core/adt: remove over-aggressive deduplication by @mpvl in 74b4288
internal/core/adt: fix error checking bug by @mpvl in 28088ac
internal/core/adt: add cycle detection for alt evaluation path by @mpvl in 4eb2280
internal/core/adt: errors in let expressions are okay by @mpvl in 30b2007
pkg: improve error messages by @mpvl in fa36be4
internal/core/adt: add stats by @mpvl in e2a0ef6
internal/core/dep: handle recursive lets by @mpvl in 1d8663e
internal/core/adt: fix comprehension bug by @mpvl in 87347d2
internal/core/adt: remove redundant state change by @mpvl in 24576a0
cue/ast: fix StructLit.End by @rogpeppe in b23ece3
internal/third_party/yaml: fix float parsing by @rogpeppe in a4941ed
internal/third_party/yaml: slim down API by @rogpeppe in 794d078
doc/ref/spec.md: binary literals support _ separators as well by @spachava753 in 712d8c6
internal/core/adt: recursively pre-expand comprehensions by @mpvl in 102b034
internal/core/adt: represent comprehension clauses as list by @mpvl in b3bcc7a
internal/core/dep: remove useless code by @mpvl in 309b965
internal/core/adt: fix cycle detection bug for lets by @mpvl in f2b9479
internal/core/adt: allow self-referential comprehensions by @mpvl in f1daf4b
internal/core/adt: update state constants and docs by @mpvl in e4f4900
internal/core/adt: add conjuncts to dynamic list as well by @mpvl in 637a325
internal/core/adt: report cycle error in comprehension source by @mpvl in 6668dc8
internal/core/adt: rename test by @mpvl in f30a8e7
internal/core/adt: add IsDefined to filter out void arcs by @mpvl in 2ae37df
internal/core/adt: fix closedness regression by @mpvl in ed4f885
internal/core/dep: fix comprehension environment binding by @mpvl in 6824f7d
deps: bump golang.org/x/text dependency by @joaopapereira in dd1169c
.gitignore: add .DS_Store by @mpvl in 79d80ef
internal/core/adt: fix broken let lookup in embedded scalars by @mpvl in cad3f23
internal/core/adt: optimize cycle detection for disjunctions by @mpvl in 830b138
internal/ci: test and release on Go 1.19.x by @mvdan in fe50dff
internal/core/adt: remove problematic Ref deletion by @mpvl in 7518952
cue/testdata/benchmarks: add stats by @mpvl in 3bcf4a4
encoding/gocode: encode hex consistently like Go 1.19+ by @mvdan in f5c3e4e
doc/tutorial/kubernetes: mark both tests as long by @mvdan in 06aaef6
internal/core/adt: add test for issue 1837 by @mpvl in 839e33b
internal/core/adt: make some errors semi-permanent by @mpvl in 4a3a494
internal/core/adt: reduce size of ErrorCode by @mpvl in 53dfffa
internal/core/export: fix crash in dynamic fields by @mpvl in ad253ed
all: apply and follow Go 1.19's gofmt by @mvdan in 519d326
internal/core: implement let as fields by @mpvl in 36bd656
pkg: reuse pkg/gen to generate package godocs by @mvdan in df148ee
internal/core/adt: eliminate disjuncts for incomplete errors by @mpvl in c556a19
doc/tutorial/kubernetes: only run as a long test by @mvdan in 6551ea5
internal/core/adt: fix test by @mpvl in d3959eb
internal/core/adt: add tests for let by @mpvl in 7c7056c
internal/core/compile: prepare for let change by @mpvl in 739713c
internal/core/...: fix various attributes printing issues by @mpvl in 82933ad
internal/core/adt: remove StructInfo for unused structs by @mpvl in c89ab8b
internal/core/compile: add missing import in test by @mpvl in be9cc0d
internal/cuetxtar: add method for getting a single instance by @rogpeppe in e5f21db
internal/filetypes: not a file extension if the file starts with a dot by @rogpeppe in db0897b
internal/core/adt: defensive use of CloseInfo by @mpvl in 9e9786e
internal/filetypes: fix TestParseFile tests by @rogpeppe in 3290797
internal/cuetxtar: improve docs by @rogpeppe in d2250b9
encoding/gocode: be resilient to Go string literal changes by @rogpeppe in 1cfb57c
doc/tutorial/basics: make test scripts run again by @mvdan in 6cb877e
encoding/openapi: update API by @rogpeppe in 74566cf
cue/stats: new package for getting operation statistics by @mpvl in 535d188
errors: make Errors and Print respect wrapped errors by @rogpeppe in 4007775
internal/core/path: package for Selector to Feature conversion by @mpvl in 4c9d0ac
cue: tweaks to selector API by @mpvl in cd27b12
cue: add Value.BuildInstance method by @rogpeppe in a552c1f
encoding/yaml: be clearer about the role of the src argument by @rogpeppe in 351a9fb
internal/core/adt: fix cycles in evaluation by @mpvl in ac11215
internal/core/adt: tighten structural cycle detection by @mpvl in f8e363e
internal/core/adt: tighten structural cycle detection by @mpvl in 68152ec
internal/core/adt: fix spurious cycle for inline recursion by @mpvl in c997044
internal/core/adt: fix issue with references cycles by @mpvl in cd4bf2b
internal/core/adt: some fixes to structural cycle detection by @mpvl in 8133f55
internal/core/compile: fix aliases to dynamic fields by @mpvl in 353833c
cue: add Selector.Type API by @rogpeppe in 8e8f1cf
cue/load: deterministically sort CUE files when loading by @mvdan in 295786e
internal/core/adt: count conjuncts by @mpvl in 1a12916
internal/core/adt: finalize arcs that are almost done by @mpvl in 8ee1127
internal/core/adt: remove redundant line by @mpvl in 37ee967
internal/core/adt: clean up some span logic and add a comment by @mpvl in ce30e67
internal/core/adt: move Label for better bin packing by @mpvl in e398e10
internal/core/adt: clean up some closedness code by @mpvl in 9e15ca1
internal/core/adt: fix spurious child error by @mpvl in 830847b
all: start using testscript.Params.RequireExplicitExec by @mvdan in 37a2a07
internal/core/adt: pick defaults for label evaluation by @mpvl in 83d37e7
cmd/cue/cmd: testscript moved its gopath location by @mvdan in 4a73630
internal/core/adt: SpawnRef loop optimization by @rogpeppe in 7292034
all: use txtar filename extensions consistently by @mvdan in c1689bb
mod: drop x/xerrors from the module graph by @mvdan in 0460b47
mod: drop apd v1 from the module graph by @mvdan in d663a8c
all: apply Go 1.19's gofmt by @mvdan in 3f3f181
internal/core/adt: fix spurious cycle by @mpvl in e187f9f
internal/core/adt: reimplementation of cycle algorithm by @mpvl in 6b3fd65
internal/core/adt: hoist cycle logic by @mpvl in eab8c8e
internal/core/adt: pass Conjunct instead of Environment to Resolve by @mpvl in 428d395
internal/core/adt: don't spawn duplicate locations by @mpvl in 3bedf8e
internal/core/adt: fix env linking for comprehensions by @mpvl in b00f5d6
cmd/cue: remove all stdin buffering by @mvdan in b4d1b16
all: use the .test TLD for module paths in tests by @mvdan in 5a08d2f
CI: only pull master commits through a proxy on Linux by @mvdan in 395df20
CI: try "pull through proxy" go get up to five times by @mvdan in 4f15036
all: fix migration to x/tools/txtar by @myitcv in 0a46a16
cmd/cue/cmd: add --inline-imports flag by @mpvl in 974a09b
cue: support InlineImports for Syntax by @mpvl in ae56267
internal/core/export: don't inline for errors by @mpvl in e87bc25
internal/core/export: enhancements for import inlining by @mpvl in 62fedc3
internal/core/export: implement self-contained algo for export by @mpvl in c71f674
all: fix common pattern of calling cuextxtar.Load by @myitcv in bdaadc9
pkg/tool/cli: rework Stdin and make Ask read an entire line by @mvdan in 4432aa6
all: swap rogpeppe/go-internal/txtar for x/tools/txtar by @mvdan in 9f3d9d2
internal/ci: use consistent name for CUELANGORGTIPREBUILDHOOK by @myitcv in a9f8bd2
cmd/cue/cmd: remove bits of unused code by @mvdan in 4d7edeb
internal/diff: two different errors are equal by @mpvl in 6e95220
interal/diff: skip hidden fields by default by @mpvl in 5151417
.gitignore: ignore some binaries by @mpvl in 2d10d0f
internal/core/export: cleanup of initialization and finalize by @mpvl in 8a7ebf9
internal/core/export: simplify dynamic labels by @mpvl in 8edd739
internal/core/export: refactor uniqueFeature by @mpvl in 9777511
internal/core/export: fix bug exporting dynamic references by @mpvl in 360ef5f
internal/core/adt: clarify examples for references by @mpvl in 5cb52c8
internal/core/export: hoist FieldReference logic by @mpvl in 82a2513
internal/core/export: pass Environment by @mpvl in 254d0de
internal/core/export: move tests to subdir by @mpvl in 08c0689
tools/fix: remove rewriting support for old-style let by @mpvl in 9a66c51
internal/core/export: hoist reference logic by @mpvl in 580edf4
cue/format: fix StructLit trailing comma bug by @satotake in d16c799
internal/ci/github: skip non-race tests when running race tests by @myitcv in 4113ec3
internal/ci: refactor CI workflows by @myitcv in 236a565
internal/ci: split github workflows into separate files by @myitcv in 9d366cd
internal/ci: write netrc file for triggering trybots by @myitcv in 62ccbc0
internal/ci: move to using gerritstatusupdater by @myitcv in f28ad41
internal/ci: rename test and repository_dispatch workflows by @myitcv in d4526fe
cuego: fix example in docs by @rogpeppe in 2fea90a
internal/ci: move workflow declarations to their own package by @myitcv in 2795dcc
cue/load: actually apply the latest doc wording per the reviews by @mvdan in f32ea8e
cue/load: remove old reference to a "query tool" by @mvdan in 03ed417
internal/ci: stop using txtar tests for GitHub actions workflows by @myitcv in 1876276
cmd/cue: support buildinfo in version sub-command by @djosephsen in b8703c8
doc/spec: minor adjustments after a careful read by @mvdan in cf3ba23
pkg/gen: remove unreachable code by @rogpeppe in 2f05fc9
pkg/gen: generate (almost) all pkg.go files in one call by @rogpeppe in 23dc354
all: use go-cmp.Diff more consistently by @mvdan in b30eb99
cmd/cue: use cue in test scripts rather than exec cue by @mvdan in 621f437
internal/core/adt: remove stutter in error by @mpvl in 41ceff3
internal/core/adt: keep arc on comprehension error by @mpvl in 309f8e7
internal/core/adt: use per-field comprehensions by @mpvl in 748a685
cmd/cue/cmd: remove usage of cue.Runtime by @mpvl in 0b0f1d3
tools/flow: get rid of deprecated cue.Runtime by @mpvl in 3ac85dc
internal/core/adt: move closedness check by @mpvl in abd2ba3
internal/core/adt: prepare for comprehension change by @mpvl in 38b5fe2
internal/core/adt: remove redundant indirection by @mpvl in 5201fde
internal/core/adt: add convenience logging method by @mpvl in ee36170
internal/encoding: always validate when exporting by @qequ in 5b8860a
cue/pkg/strconv: support arbitary-precision format by @satotake in 9bda220
pkg/internal: make it clearer that const is exclusive to func by @rogpeppe in e77a879
cue/format: escape tabs when printing comments, literals, and attributes by @mvdan in dac4917
all: replace filepath.Walk with WalkDir by @mvdan in 79b324d
cmd/cue: initialize toTop and toString without go/packages by @mvdan in 0f66c58
doc/contribute.md: simplify code backticks by @rytswd in 193e320
internal/ci: avoid merge commits when testing GitHub PRs by @mvdan in 6de1c17
internal/encoding/yaml: update dependencies by @myitcv in ef1b8aa
encoding/protobuf: update dependencies by @mvdan in 31be9e3
Revert "all: avoid using too many packages.Need bits" by @mvdan in 87408d7
all: avoid using too many packages.Need bits by @mvdan in aa9b1bd
all: fix a few more staticcheck nits by @mvdan in 92b9a06
cmd/cue: remove the need for embedpkg by @mvdan in 89c6cdc
all: make use of t.TempDir and t.Setenv by @mvdan in 6634a00
pkg/strconv: Revert "pkg/strconv: allow string argument for format" by @rogpeppe in 1ed6195
pkg/strconv: allow string argument for format by @rogpeppe in 053c4ac
internal/core: comment improvements by @rogpeppe in 34782fe
cue/literal: allow escaped newlines in multiline strings by @rogpeppe in 618e530
all: drop support for Go 1.16.x by @mvdan in bd9ae53
all: make vet happy by @mvdan in a58ac53
doc/ref: mention that newlines can be escaped in multiline strings by @rogpeppe in 13918dd
all: check the filepath.Walk error parameter by @mvdan in 2caf6e0
bump x/tools and x/net dependencies by @mvdan in 79a3fa7
all: fix a few minor typos spotted by gospel by @mvdan in 7881588
cue/scanner: allow leading double-quote in #-quoted string by @rogpeppe in db398ad
internal/ci: remove gorelease check step by @mvdan in c942d0a
internal/ci: enforce Signed-off-by temporarily by @mvdan in 7dd325d
all: remove redundant interface type assertions by @mvdan in 74d55b7
pkg/list/sort: fix syntax in docs by @tmm1 in 00c5ddf
internal/ci: bump GitHub Actions OS versions by @mvdan in db3e6ac
cmd/cue: remove duplicate files from get_go_types.txt by @mvdan in eb0a4ff
internal/cuetest: drive long tests via an env var by @mvdan in 33b18be
cmd/cue: import -R: don't treat text with no newlines as YAML by @rogpeppe in f207b0b
cmd/cue: better test for import --recursive by @rogpeppe in 7f3c0a2

https://aclanthology.org/C92-2068
Hideto Tomabechi. 1992. Quasi-Destructive Graph Unification with
Structure-Sharing. In COLING 1992 Volume 2: The 14th International
Conference on Computational Linguistics. ↩
https://aclanthology.org/P00-1045/
Marcel P. van Lohuizen. 2000. "Memory-Efficient and Thread-Safe
Quasi-Destructive Graph Unification". In Proceedings of the 38th Annual
Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 352–359,
Hong Kong. Association for Computational Linguistics. ↩
Bob Carpenter, "The logic of typed feature structures."
Cambridge University Press, ISBN:0-521-41932-8 ↩

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v0.5.0

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Reimplementation of cycle detection

More background info on cycles

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v0.5.0

Project-level changes

Encoders

API

Language

Core evaluator

Per-field comprehensions

Reimplementation of cycle detection

More background info on cycles

Reimplementation of let comprehensions

Self-contained export

Other changes

Builtins

Tooling layer

cmd/cue

Changelog

Contributors

Reimplementation of `let` comprehensions

`cmd/cue`