-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Bibliography.bib
16092 lines (14373 loc) · 947 KB
/
Bibliography.bib
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
@book{jackson_classical_1999,
added-at = {2009-07-03T16:37:22.000+0200},
address = {New York, {NY}},
author = {Jackson, John David},
biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2baac05176a92886bbe1eae5ee72cf234/cernlibrary},
edition = {3rd ed.},
interhash = {05096e24942ceab2a2e9f0d35a45183a},
intrahash = {baac05176a92886bbe1eae5ee72cf234},
isbn = {9780471309321},
keywords = {Fields Maxwell SummerStudentReadList09 book collisions electromagnetic electrostatic equations magnetostatics particle physics radiation relativity special waves},
lccn = {538.3537.8},
publisher = {Wiley},
timestamp = {2009-07-03T16:37:22.000+0200},
title = {Classical electrodynamics},
url = {http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/490457},
year = 1999
}
@article{PatentEdgeOn,
author = {David, Christian and Stampanoni, Marco},
journal = {EP10167569},
title = {{A method for X-ray phase contrast and dark-field imaging using an arrangement of gratings in planar geometry}},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Chen2011ab,
abstract = {Synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray has great potential for its applications in both diagnosis and treatment of diseases, due to its characteristic properties including coherence, collimation, monochromaticity, and exceptional brightness. Great advances have been made regarding potential medical applications of SR X-ray in recent years, particularly with the development of the third generation of SR light sources. However, multiple studies have also suggested damaging effects of SR X-ray on biological samples ranging from protein crystals to cells and biological tissues. It has become increasingly important to conduct comprehensive studies on two closely related topics regarding SR X-ray in medical applications: The safety issues regarding the medical applications of SR X-ray and the fundamental mechanisms underlying the interactions between SR X-ray and biological tissues. In this article, we attempted to provide an overview of the literatures regarding these two increasingly significant topics. We also proposed our hypothesis that there are significant differences between the biological tissue-damaging mechanisms of SR X-ray and those of normal X-ray, due to the characteristic properties of SR X-ray such as high dose rate. Future studies are warranted to test this hypothesis, which may profoundly improve our understanding regarding the fundamental mechanisms underlying the interactions between light and matter. These studies would also constitute an essential basis for establishing the safety standard for the medical applications of SR X-ray.},
author = {Chen, Heyu and He, Xin and Sheng, Caibin and Ma, Yingxin and Nie, Hui and Xia, Weiliang and Ying, Weihai},
file = {::},
issn = {1944-8171},
journal = {International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology},
month = jan,
number = {4},
pages = {243--8},
title = {{Interactions between synchrotron radiation X-ray and biological tissues - theoretical and clinical significance.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3230257\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {3},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Zhou2008,
abstract = {A significant improvement over conventional attenuation-based X-ray imaging, which lacks contrast in small objects and soft biological tissues, is obtained by introducing phase-contrast imaging. As recently demonstrated, phase-contrast imaging is characterized by its extraordinary image quality, greatly enhanced contrast, and good soft tissue discrimination with very high spatial resolution down to the micron and even the sub-micron region. The rapid development of compact X-ray sources of high brightness, tuneability, and monochromaticity as well as high-resolution X-ray detectors with high quantum efficiency and improved computational methods is stimulating the development of a new generation of X-ray imaging systems for medical applications. The present paper reviews some intrinsic mechanisms, recent technical developments and potential medical applications of two-, three- and four-dimensional phase-contrast X-ray imaging. Challenging issues in current phase-contrast imaging techniques and key clinical applications are discussed and possible developments of future high-contrast and high spatial and temporal resolution medical X-ray imaging systems are outlined.},
author = {Zhou, Shu-Ang and Brahme, Anders},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejmp.2008.05.006},
file = {::},
issn = {1120-1797},
journal = {Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)},
keywords = {Angiography,Animals,Bone and Bones,Bone and Bones: radiation effects,Humans,Interferometry,Neoplasms,Neoplasms: radiography,Radiography,Radiography: instrumentation,Radiography: methods,X-Ray Diffraction},
month = sep,
number = {3},
pages = {129--48},
pmid = {18602852},
title = {{Development of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques and potential medical applications.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18602852},
volume = {24},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Lewis2004,
author = {Lewis, R. A.},
doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/49/16/005},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library//Lewis\_Medical phase contrast x-ray imaging current status and future prospects.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0031-9155},
journal = {Physics in Medicine and Biology},
month = aug,
number = {16},
pages = {3573--3583},
title = {{Medical phase contrast x-ray imaging: current status and future prospects}},
url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0031-9155/49/i=16/a=005?key=crossref.2b6cd199870d98aeaed4d12c1fb4ba4c},
volume = {49},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Chapman2010,
author = {Chapman, HN},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Chapman\_A new phase for X-ray imaging.pdf:pdf},
pages = {409--410},
title = {{A new phase for X-ray imaging}},
volume = {467},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Schleede2012a,
abstract = {In early stages of various pulmonary diseases, such as emphysema and fibrosis, the change in X-ray attenuation is not detectable with absorption-based radiography. To monitor the morphological changes that the alveoli network undergoes in the progression of these diseases, we propose using the dark-field signal, which is related to small-angle scattering in the sample. Combined with the absorption-based image, the dark-field signal enables better discrimination between healthy and emphysematous lung tissue in a mouse model. All measurements have been performed at 36 keV using a monochromatic laser-driven miniature synchrotron X-ray source (Compact Light Source). In this paper we present grating-based dark-field images of emphysematous vs. healthy lung tissue, where the strong dependence of the dark-field signal on mean alveolar size leads to improved diagnosis of emphysema in lung radiographs.},
author = {Schleede, S and Meinel, FG and Bech, M and Herzen, J and Achterbold, K and Potdevin, G and A, Malecki and Adam-Neumair, S and Thieme, SF and Bamberg, F and Nikolaou, K and Bohla, A and Yildirim, A\"{O} and Loewen, R and Gifford, M and Ruth, R and Eickelberg, O and Reiser, M and Pfeiffer, F},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1206684109},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Schleede et al.\_Emphysema diagnosis using X-ray dark-field imaging at a laser-driven compact synchrotron light source.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
month = oct,
number = {44},
pages = {1--6},
pmid = {23074250},
title = {{Emphysema diagnosis using X-ray dark-field imaging at a laser-driven compact synchrotron light source}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23074250 http://www.pnas.org/content/109/44/17880.short},
volume = {109},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Munch2009,
abstract = {A fast, powerful and stable filter based on combined wavelet and Fourier analysis for the elimination of horizontal or vertical stripes in images is presented and compared with other types of destriping filters. Strict separation between artifacts and original features allowing both, suppression of the unwanted structures and high degree of preservation of the original image information is endeavoured. The results are validated by visual assessments, as well as by quantitative estimation of the image energy loss. The capabilities and the performance of the filter are tested on a number of case studies related to applications in tomographic imaging. The case studies include (i) suppression of waterfall artifacts in electron microscopy images based on focussed ion beam nanotomography, (ii) removal of different types of ring artifacts in synchrotron based X-ray microtomography and (iii) suppression of horizontal stripe artifacts from phase projections in grating interferometry.},
author = {M\"{u}nch, B and Trtik, P and Marone, F and Stampanoni, M},
file = {::},
issn = {1094-4087},
journal = {Optics express},
month = may,
number = {10},
pages = {8567--91},
pmid = {19434191},
title = {{Stripe and ring artifact removal with combined wavelet--Fourier filtering.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19434191},
volume = {17},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Grass2000,
abstract = {3D reconstruction from 2D projections obtained along a single circular source trajectory is most commonly done using an algorithm due to Feldkamp, Davis and Kress. In this paper we propose an alternative approach based on a cone-beam to parallel-beam rebinning step, a corresponding rebinning step into a rectangular virtual detector plane and a filtered backprojection. This approach yields an improved image quality reflected by a decreased low-intensity drop which is well known for 3D reconstruction from projection data obtained along circular trajectories. At the same time the computational complexity is lower than in Feldkamp's original approach. Based on this idea, a hybrid 3D cone-beam reconstruction method is formulated that enlarges the reconstruction volume in its dimension along the rotation axis of the cone-beam CT system. This enlargement is achieved by applying different reconstruction conditions for each voxel. An optimal ratio between the reconstructible and irradiated volume of the scanned object is achieved.},
annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( 3D cone-beam CT reconstruction for circular trajectories. - Grass, M; K\"{o}hler, T; Proksa, R )
From Duplicate 1 ( 3D cone-beam CT reconstruction for circular trajectories. - Grass, M; K\"{o}hler, T; Proksa, R )
From Duplicate 2 ( 3D cone-beam CT reconstruction for circular trajectories. - Grass, M; K\"{o}hler, T; Proksa, R )
From Duplicate 2 ( 3D cone-beam CT reconstruction for circular trajectories. - Grass, M; K\"{o}hler, T; Proksa, R )
},
author = {Grass, M and K\"{o}hler, T and Proksa, R},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Grass, K\"{o}hler, Proksa\_3D cone-beam CT reconstruction for circular trajectories.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0031-9155},
journal = {Physics in medicine and biology},
keywords = {Algorithms,Computer-Assisted,Computer-Assisted: instrumentati,Computer-Assisted: instrumentation,Equipment Design,Image Processing,Imaging,Phantoms,Tomography,X-Ray Computed,X-Ray Computed: instrumentation},
month = feb,
number = {2},
pages = {329--347},
pmid = {10701507},
title = {{3D cone-beam CT reconstruction for circular trajectories.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17689223},
volume = {45},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Kottler2010a,
annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Dual energy phase contrast x-ray imaging with Talbot-Lau interferometer - Kottler, C; Revol, V; Kaufmann, R; Urban, C )
From Duplicate 2 ( Dual energy phase contrast x-ray imaging with Talbot-Lau interferometer - Kottler, Christian; Revol, Vincent; Kaufmann, Rolf; Urban, C )
From Duplicate 1 ( Dual energy phase contrast x-ray imaging with Talbot-Lau interferometer - Kottler, C; Revol, V; Kaufmann, R; Urban, C )
},
author = {Kottler, Christian and Revol, Vincent and Kaufmann, Rolf and Urban, C},
doi = {10.1063/1.3512871},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Kottler et al.\_Dual energy phase contrast x-ray imaging with Talbot-Lau interferometer.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00218979},
journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
number = {11},
pages = {114906},
title = {{Dual energy phase contrast x-ray imaging with Talbot-Lau interferometer}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/JAPIAU/v108/i11/p114906/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {108},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Pfeiffer2005,
author = {Pfeiffer, F and Bunk, O and Schulze-Briese, C and Diaz, A and Weitkamp, T and David, C and {Van Der Veen}, J and Vartanyants, I and Robinson, I},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.164801},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Pfeiffer et al.\_Shearing Interferometer for Quantifying the Coherence of Hard X-Ray Beams.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0031-9007},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = {16},
pages = {1--4},
title = {{Shearing Interferometer for Quantifying the Coherence of Hard X-Ray Beams}},
url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.164801},
volume = {94},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Schroer2003,
author = {Schroer, CG and Kuhlmann, M and Hunger, UT and Günzler, TF and Kurapova, O and Feste, S and Frehse, F and Lengeler, B and Drakopoulos, M and Somogyi, A and Simionovici, AS and Snigirev, A and Snigireva, I and Schug, C and Schröder, WH},
doi = {10.1063/1.1556960},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Schroer et al.\_Nanofocusing parabolic refractive x-ray lenses.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00036951},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
number = {9},
pages = {1485},
title = {{Nanofocusing parabolic refractive x-ray lenses}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APPLAB/v82/i9/p1485/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {82},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Brysk1968,
author = {Brysk, H and Zerby, CD},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Brysk, Zerby\_Photoelectric cross sections in the keV range.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Physical Review},
number = {2},
pages = {292--298},
title = {{Photoelectric cross sections in the keV range}},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968PhRv..171..292B},
volume = {171},
year = {1968}
}
@article{Jakubek2007,
author = {Jakubek, J and Granja, C and Dammer, J and Hanus, R and Holy, T and Pospisil, S and Tykva, R and Uher, J and Vykydal, Z},
doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.031},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Jakubek et al.\_Phase contrast enhanced high resolution X-ray imaging and tomography of soft tissue.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01689002},
journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A},
keywords = {computed tomography,ct,digital radiography,phase contrast,photon and x-ray detectors,x-ray imaging},
month = feb,
pages = {69--72},
title = {{Phase contrast enhanced high resolution X-ray imaging and tomography of soft tissue}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168900206018286},
volume = {571},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Ruiz2013,
author = {Ruiz, M and Zanette, I and Chabior, M and Scherer, K and Mohr, J
and Walter, M and Weitkamp, T and Rack, A and Pfeiffer, F},
journal = {Poster, 2nd International Symposium on BioMedical Applications of
X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging, Germany, 24/25th January 2013},
month = jan,
number = {4},
title = {{X-ray grating interferometry at 123 keV}},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Willner2013,
abstract = {Potential applications of grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging are investigated in various fields due to its compatibility with laboratory X-ray sources. So far the method was mainly restricted to X-ray energies below 40 keV, which is too low to examine dense or thick objects, but a routine operation at higher energies is on the brink of realisation. In this study, imaging results obtained at 82 keV are presented. These comprise a test object consisting of well-defined materials for a quantitative analysis and a tooth to translate the findings to a biomedical sample. Measured linear attenuation coefficients ? and electron densities ?e are in good agreement with theoretical values. Improved contrast-to-noise ratios were found in phase contrast compared to attenuation contrast. The combination of both contrast modalities further enables to simultaneously assess information on density and composition of materials with effective atomic numbers Z? > 8. In our biomedical example, we demonstrate the possibility to detect differences in mass density and calcium concentration within teeth.},
author = {Willner, M and Bech, M and Herzen, J and Zanette, I and Hahn, D and Kenntner, J and Mohr, J and Rack, A and Weitkamp, T and Pfeiffer, F},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Willner et al.\_Quantitative X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography at 82 keV.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1094-4087},
journal = {Optics express},
month = feb,
number = {4},
pages = {4155--4166},
pmid = {23481949},
title = {{Quantitative X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography at 82 keV}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23481949},
volume = {21},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Fessler2004,
author = {Fessler, Jeffrey A},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Fessler\_Statistical Methods for Image Reconstruction Methods.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Statistical Methods for Image Reconstruction Methods}},
year = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{Marone2010,
author = {Marone, F and M\"{u}nch, B and Stampanoni, M},
booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE},
doi = {10.1117/12.859703},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library//Marone, M\"{u}nch, Stampanoni\_Fast reconstruction algorithm dealing with tomography artifacts.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {artifacts,fourier methods,local tomography,real-time,reconstruction algorithms,ring,synchrotron radiation,tomographic microscopy},
pages = {780410},
title = {{Fast reconstruction algorithm dealing with tomography artifacts}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PSISDG/7804/780410/1},
volume = {7804},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Thuering2012,
author = {Th\"{u}ring, T and Modregger, P and H\"{a}mmerle, S and Weiss, S and N\"{u}esch, J and Stampanoni, M},
doi = {10.1063/1.4742307},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library//Th\"{u}ring et al.\_Sensitivity in X-ray grating interferometry on compact systems.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735410725},
journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
number = {1},
pages = {293--298},
title = {{Sensitivity in X-ray grating interferometry on compact systems}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APCPCS/v1466/i1/p293/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {1466},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Koutalonis2009,
author = {Koutalonis, M and Delis, H and Spyrou, G and Costaridou, L and Tzanakos, G and Panayiotakis, G},
doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/4/05/P05013},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Koutalonis et al.\_Monte Carlo simulation studies of spatial resolution in magnification mammography using the edge method.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1748-0221},
journal = {Journal of Instrumentation},
month = may,
number = {05},
pages = {P05013--P05013},
title = {{Monte Carlo simulation studies of spatial resolution in magnification mammography using the edge method}},
url = {http://stacks.iop.org/1748-0221/4/i=05/a=P05013?key=crossref.6ed144d57e3c846681ec94f93bb33858},
volume = {4},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Grunzweig2008,
abstract = {We have developed a neutron phase contrast imaging method based on a grating interferometer setup. The principal constituents are two absorption gratings made of gadolinium and a phase modulating grating made of silicon. The design parameters of the setup, such as periodicity, structure heights of the gratings, and the distances between the gratings, are calculated. The fabrication of each grating is described in detail. The produced diffraction gratings were finally characterized within the setup, by locally evaluating the produced contrast (visibility) in each detector pixel, resulting in a visibility map over the whole grating size. An averaged value of 23\% is achieved.},
author = {Gr\"{u}nzweig, C and Pfeiffer, F and Bunk, O and Donath, T and K\"{u}hne, G and Frei, G and Dierolf, M and David, C},
doi = {10.1063/1.2930866},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Gr\"{u}nzweig et al.\_Design, fabrication, and characterization of diffraction gratings for neutron phase contrast imaging.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {The Review of scientific instruments},
month = may,
number = {5},
pages = {053703},
pmid = {18513071},
title = {{Design, fabrication, and characterization of diffraction gratings for neutron phase contrast imaging.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18513071},
volume = {79},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Xiao2005,
author = {Xiao, X and Shen, Q},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.72.033103},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Xiao, Shen\_Wave propagation and phase retrieval in Fresnel diffraction by a distorted-object approach.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1098-0121},
journal = {Physical Review B},
month = jul,
number = {3},
pages = {033103},
title = {{Wave propagation and phase retrieval in Fresnel diffraction by a distorted-object approach}},
url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.033103},
volume = {72},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Lundstrom2012a,
abstract = {X-ray in-line phase contrast has recently been combined with CO(2) angiography for high-resolution small-animal vascular imaging at low radiation dose. In this paper we further investigate the potential and limitations of this method and demonstrate observation of vessels down to 8 $\mu$m in diameter, considerably smaller than the 60 $\mu$m previously reported. Our in-line phase-contrast imaging system is based on a liquid-metal-jet-anode x-ray source and utilizes free-space propagation to convert phase shifts, caused by refractive index variations, into intensity differences. Enhanced refractive index variations are obtained through injection of CO(2) gas into the vascular system to replace the blood. We show rat-kidney images with blood vessels down to 27 $\mu$m in diameter and mouse-ear images with vessels down to 8 $\mu$m. The minimum size of observable blood vessels is found to be limited by the penetration of gas into the vascular system and the signal-to-noise ratio, i.e. the allowed dose. The diameters of vessels being gas-filled depend on the gas pressure and follow a simple model based on surface tension. A theoretical signal-to-noise comparison shows that this method requires 1000 times less radiation dose than conventional iodine-based absorption contrast for observing sub-50 $\mu$m vessels.},
author = {Lundstr\"{o}m, U and Larsson, DH and Burvall, A and Scott, L and Westermark, UK and Wilhelm, M and {Arsenian Henriksson}, M and Hertz, HM},
doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/57/22/7431},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Lundstr\"{o}m et al.\_X-ray phase-contrast CO2 angiography for sub-10 $\mu$m vessel imaging.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1361-6560},
journal = {Physics in medicine and biology},
month = nov,
number = {22},
pages = {7431--7441},
pmid = {23093393},
title = {{X-ray phase-contrast CO2 angiography for sub-10 $\mu$m vessel imaging}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23093393},
volume = {57},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Engelhardt2008,
abstract = {The influence of different physical parameters, such as the source size and the energy spectrum, on the functional capability of a grating interferometer applied for phase-contrast imaging is discussed using numerical simulations based on Fresnel diffraction theory. The presented simulation results explain why the interferometer could be well combined with polychromatic laboratory x-ray sources in recent experiments. Furthermore, it is shown that the distance between the two gratings of the interferometer is not in general limited by the width of the photon energy spectrum. This implies that interferometers that give a further improved image quality for phase measurements can be designed, because the primary measurement signal for phase measurements can be increased by enlargement of this distance. Finally, the mathematical background and practical instructions for the quantitative evaluation of measurement data acquired with a polychromatic x-ray source are given.},
author = {Engelhardt, M and Kottler, C and Bunk, O and David, C and Schroer, CG and Baumann, J and Schuster, M and Pfeiffer, F},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.02072.x},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Engelhardt et al.\_The fractional Talbot effect in differential x-ray phase-contrast imaging for extended and polychromatic x-ray sources.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1365-2818},
journal = {Journal of microscopy},
keywords = {grating interferometry,phase retrieval,talbot effect,x-ray},
month = oct,
number = {1},
pages = {145--57},
pmid = {19017212},
title = {{The fractional Talbot effect in differential x-ray phase-contrast imaging for extended and polychromatic x-ray sources.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19017212},
volume = {232},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Arnison2004,
abstract = {We propose an extension to Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy that enables isotropic linear phase imaging. The method combines phase shifting, two directions of shear and Fourier-space integration using a modified spiral phase transform. We simulated the method using a phantom object with spatially varying amplitude and phase. Simulated results show good agreement between the final phase image and the object phase, and demonstrate resistance to imaging noise.},
annote = { From Duplicate 2 ( Linear phase imaging using differential interference contrast microscopy. - Arnison, MR; Larkin, KG; Sheppard, CJR; Smith, NI; Cogswell, CJ )
},
author = {Arnison, MR R and Larkin, KG G and Sheppard, CJR J R and Smith, NI I and Cogswell, CJ J},
doi = {10.1111/j.0022-2720.2004.01293.x},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Arnison et al.\_Linear phase imaging using differential interference contrast microscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022-2720},
journal = {Journal of microscopy},
keywords = {Computer-Assisted,Fourier Analysis,Image Processing,Microscopy,Models,Phase-Contrast,Phase-Contrast: methods,Theoretical},
month = apr,
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {7--12},
pmid = {15049862},
title = {{Linear phase imaging using differential interference contrast microscopy.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15049862},
volume = {214},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Zhu2012,
author = {Zhu, Peiping and Wu, Ziyu},
doi = {10.1063/1.4742282},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Zhu, Wu\_Is it feasible a grating based image of a human body.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735410725},
number = {1},
pages = {137--143},
title = {{Is it feasible a grating based image of a human body?}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APCPCS/v1466/i1/p137/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {137},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Rutishauser2011a,
author = {Rutishauser, S and Zanette, I and Donath, T and Sahlholm and Linnros, J and David, C},
doi = {10.1063/1.3583464},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Rutishauser et al.\_Structured scintillator for hard x-ray grating interferometry.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00036951},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
number = {17},
pages = {171107},
title = {{Structured scintillator for hard x-ray grating interferometry}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APPLAB/v98/i17/p171107/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {98},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Xi2013,
author = {Xi, Y and Zhao, J},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Xi, Zhao\_Inner-focusing reconstruction method for grating-based phase-contrast CT.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1094-4087},
journal = {Optics express},
month = mar,
number = {5},
pages = {6224--6232},
pmid = {23482191},
title = {{Inner-focusing reconstruction method for grating-based phase-contrast CT.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23482191},
volume = {21},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Bevins2012,
author = {Bevins, NB and Zambelli, JN},
doi = {10.1063/1.4742287},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Bevins, Zambelli\_Comparison of phase contrast signal extraction techniques.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735410725},
journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
number = {1},
pages = {169--174},
title = {{Comparison of phase contrast signal extraction techniques}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APCPCS/v1466/i1/p169/s1\&Agg=doi http://pdfserv.aip.org/APCPCS/vol\_1466/iss\_1/169\_1.pdf},
volume = {169},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Entezari2012,
abstract = {B-splines are attractive basis functions for the continuous-domain representation of biomedical images and volumes. In this paper, we prove that the extended family of box splines are closed under the Radon transform and derive explicit formulae for their transforms. Our results are general; they cover all known brands of compactly-supported box splines (tensor-product B-splines, separable or not) in any number of dimensions. The proposed box spline approach extends to non-Cartesian lattices used for discretizing the image space. In particular, we prove that the 2-D Radon transform of an N-direction box spline is generally a (nonuniform) polynomial spline of degree N-1. The proposed framework allows for a proper discretization of a variety of tomographic reconstruction problems in a box spline basis. It is of relevance for imaging modalities such as X-ray computed tomography and cryo-electron microscopy. We provide experimental results that demonstrate the practical advantages of the box spline formulation for improving the quality and efficiency of tomographic reconstruction algorithms.},
author = {Entezari, A and Nilchian, M and Unser, M},
doi = {10.1109/TMI.2012.2191417},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Entezari, Nilchian, Unser\_A box spline calculus for the discretization of computed tomography reconstruction problems.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1558-254X},
journal = {IEEE transactions on medical imaging},
month = aug,
number = {8},
pages = {1532--1541},
pmid = {22453611},
title = {{A box spline calculus for the discretization of computed tomography reconstruction problems.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22453611},
volume = {31},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Olbinado2012,
author = {Olbinado, Margie P. and Harasse, S. and Yashiro, W and Momose, Atsushi},
doi = {10.1063/1.4742303},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Olbinado et al.\_X-ray Talbot-Lau interferometer for high-speed phase imaging and tomography using white synchrotron radiation.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735410725},
pages = {266--271},
title = {{X-ray Talbot-Lau interferometer for high-speed phase imaging and tomography using white synchrotron radiation}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APCPCS/v1466/i1/p266/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {266},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Momose2006a,
annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Phase Tomography by X-ray Talbot Interferometry for Biological Imaging - Momose, A; Yashiro, W; Takeda, Y; Suzuki, Y; Hattori, T )
From Duplicate 2 ( Phase Tomography by X-ray Talbot Interferometry for Biological Imaging - Momose, A; Yashiro, W; Takeda, Y; Suzuki, Y; Hattori, T )
From Duplicate 2 ( Phase Tomography by X-ray Talbot Interferometry for Biological Imaging - Momose, A; Yashiro, W; Takeda, Y; Suzuki, Y; Hattori, T )
},
author = {Momose, A and Yashiro, W and Takeda, Y and Suzuki, Y and Hattori, T},
doi = {10.1143/JJAP.45.5254},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Momose et al.\_Phase Tomography by X-ray Talbot Interferometry for Biological Imaging.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0021-4922},
journal = {Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
keywords = {cone beam,grating,interferometry,phase contrast,talbot effect,tomography},
month = jun,
number = {No. 6A},
pages = {5254--5262},
title = {{Phase Tomography by X-ray Talbot Interferometry for Biological Imaging}},
url = {http://jjap.jsap.jp/link?JJAP/45/5254/ http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/45/5254/},
volume = {45},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Hubbell1999,
abstract = {The probability of a photon (x-ray, gamma-ray, bremsstrahlung, etc) of a given energy E undergoing absorption or scattering when traversing a layer of material Z can be expressed quantitatively in terms of a linear attenuation coefficient mu (cm(-1)). Since mu is dependent on the material's density, rho (g cm(-3)), which can be variable, the quantity usually tabulated is the mass attenuation coefficient mu/rho (cm2 g(-1)) in which the dependence on the density has been removed. Mu/rho, in turn, can be obtained as the sum of the different types of possible interactions of photons with atoms of the material. For photon energies below 1 MeV the major interaction processes to be considered are incoherent (Compton) scattering, coherent (Rayleigh) scattering and atomic photoeffect absorption. Above 1 MeV one must also include nuclear-field pair production and atomic-field (triplet) production, and above 5 MeV one in principle should include photonuclear absorption, although the latter is neglected in data tabulations up to the present time. This review includes a selective history of measurements and theory relating to mu/rho from the turn of the century up to the present time, and is intended to provide a basis for further calculations and critical tabulations of photon cross section data, particularly as required by users in radiation medicine and biology. The mass energy-absorption coefficient mu(en)/rho is also briefly discussed.},
author = {Hubbell, J H},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Hubbell\_Review of photon interaction cross section data in the medical and biological context.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0031-9155},
journal = {Physics in medicine and biology},
keywords = {Gamma Rays,Humans,Nuclear Medicine,Photons,Radiobiology,X-Rays},
month = jan,
number = {1},
pages = {R1--22},
pmid = {10071870},
title = {{Review of photon interaction cross section data in the medical and biological context.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10071870},
volume = {44},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Stampanoni2011,
abstract = {OBJECTIVES:: Phase-contrast and scattering-based x-ray imaging are known to provide additional and complementary information to conventional, absorption-based methods, and therefore have the potential to play a crucial role in medical diagnostics. We report on the first mammographic investigation of 5 native, that is, freshly dissected, breasts carried out with a grating interferometer and a conventional x-ray tube source. Four patients in this study had histopathologically proven invasive breast cancer. One male patient, without the presence of any malignant formations within the resected breast, was included as a control specimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: We used a Talbot-Lau grating setup installed on a conventional, low-brilliance x-ray source; the interferometer operated at the fifth Talbot distance, at a tube voltage of 40 kVp with mean energy of 28 keV, and at a current of 25 mA. The device simultaneously recorded absorption, differential phase and small-angle scattering signals from the native breast tissue. These quantities were then combined into novel color- and high-frequency-enhanced radiographic images. Presurgical images (conventional mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging) supported the findings and clinical relevance was verified. RESULTS:: Our approach yields complementary and otherwise inaccessible information on the electron density distribution and the small-angle scattering power of the sample at the microscopic scale. This information can be used to potentially answer clinically relevant, yet unresolved questions such as unequivocally discerning between malignant and premalignant changes and postoperative scars and distinguishing cancer-invaded regions within healthy tissue. CONCLUSIONS:: We present the first ex vivo images of fresh, native breast tissue obtained from mastectomy specimens using grating interferometry. This technique yields improved diagnostic capabilities when compared with conventional mammography, especially when discerning the type of malignant conversions and their breadth within normal breast tissue. These promising results advance us toward the ultimate goal, using grating interferometry in vivo on humans in a clinical setting.},
author = {Stampanoni, M and Wang, ZT and Th\"{u}ring, T and David, C and Roessl, E and Trippel, M and Kubik-Huch, R and Singer, G and Hohl, M and Hauser, N},
doi = {10.1097/RLI.0b013e31822a585f},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Stampanoni et al.\_The First Analysis and Clinical Evaluation of Native Breast Tissue Using Differential Phase-Contrast Mammography.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1536-0210},
journal = {Investigative radiology},
keywords = {000,breast,differential phase-contrast imaging,grating interferometry,imaging,imaging are known to,invest radiol 2011,mammography,objectives,phase-contrast and scattering-based x-ray,xx},
month = jul,
number = {12},
pages = {801--806},
pmid = {21788904},
title = {{The First Analysis and Clinical Evaluation of Native Breast Tissue Using Differential Phase-Contrast Mammography}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21788904 http://journals.lww.com/investigativeradiology/Fulltext/2011/12000/The\_First\_Analysis\_and\_Clinical\_Evaluation\_of.8.aspx?WT.mc\_id=HPxADx20100319xMP},
volume = {46},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Onodera2012,
author = {Onodera, Hiroshi and Hoshino, M and Takashima, Kenta and Uesugi, Kentaro and Yagi, Naoto},
doi = {10.1063/1.4742278},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Onodera et al.\_Visualization of neurons in the brain with phase-contrast CT.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735410725},
number = {1},
pages = {113--117},
title = {{Visualization of neurons in the brain with phase-contrast CT}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APCPCS/v1466/i1/p113/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {113},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Pogany1997,
annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source - Pogany, A; Gao, D; Wilkins, SW )
From Duplicate 1 ( Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source - Pogany, A; Gao, D; Wilkins, SW )
From Duplicate 2 ( Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source - Pogany, A; Gao, D; Wilkins, SW )
From Duplicate 1 ( Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source - Pogany, A; Gao, D; Wilkins, SW )
From Duplicate 2 ( Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source - Pogany, A; Gao, D; Wilkins, SW )
From Duplicate 2 ( Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source - Pogany, A; Gao, D; Wilkins, SW )
},
author = {Pogany, A and Gao, D and Wilkins, SW},
doi = {10.1063/1.1148194},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Pogany, Gao, Wilkins\_Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source.pdf:pdf;:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Pogany, Gao, Wilkins\_Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {00346748},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
number = {7},
pages = {2774},
title = {{Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/RSINAK/v68/i7/p2774/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {68},
year = {1997}
}
@inproceedings{Brokish2007,
author = {Brokish, J and Bresler, Y},
booktitle = {Nuclear Science Symposium},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Brokish, Bresler\_Ultra-fast hierarchical backprojection for micro-ct reconstruction.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1424409233},
pages = {4460--4463},
title = {{Ultra-fast hierarchical backprojection for micro-ct reconstruction}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs\_all.jsp?arnumber=4437101},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Schroer2005,
author = {Schroer, CG and Lengeler, B},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.054802},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Schroer, Lengeler\_Focusing Hard X Rays to Nanometer Dimensions by Adiabatically Focusing Lenses.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0031-9007},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
month = feb,
number = {5},
pages = {1--4},
title = {{Focusing Hard X Rays to Nanometer Dimensions by Adiabatically Focusing Lenses}},
url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.054802},
volume = {94},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Liu2003,
author = {Liu, Vinson and Lariviere, Nicholas R. and Wang, Ge},
doi = {10.1118/1.1609058},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Liu, Lariviere, Wang\_X-ray micro-CT with a displaced detector array Application to helical cone-beam reconstruction.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00942405},
journal = {Medical Physics},
keywords = {a popular way to,adjust the field of,applica-,by,cone-beam,displaced detector array,displacing a detector array,do so is to,field of view,given various sizes of,helical,it is desirable to,micro-ct,objects in x-ray micro-ct,spiral scanning,tions,view of a scanner},
number = {10},
pages = {2758--2761},
title = {{X-ray micro-CT with a displaced detector array: Application to helical cone-beam reconstruction}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/MPHYA6/v30/i10/p2758/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {30},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Thibault2008,
abstract = {Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) and scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) are two popular microscopy techniques that have evolved quite independently. CDI promises to reach resolutions below 10 nanometers, but the reconstruction procedures put stringent requirements on data quality and sample preparation. In contrast, STXM features straightforward data analysis, but its resolution is limited by the spot size on the specimen. We demonstrate a ptychographic imaging method that bridges the gap between CDI and STXM by measuring complete diffraction patterns at each point of a STXM scan. The high penetration power of x-rays in combination with the high spatial resolution will allow investigation of a wide range of complex mesoscopic life and material science specimens, such as embedded semiconductor devices or cellular networks.},
annote = { From Duplicate 2 ( High-resolution scanning x-ray diffraction microscopy - Thibault, P; Dierolf, M; Menzel, A; Bunk, O; David, C; Pfeiffer, F )
},
author = {Thibault, Pierre and Dierolf, Martin and Menzel, Andreas and Bunk, Oliver and David, Christian and Pfeiffer, F},
doi = {10.1126/science.1158573},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Thibault et al.\_High-resolution scanning x-ray diffraction microscopy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science},
keywords = {Algorithms,Computer-Assisted,Fourier Analysis,Image Processing,Microscopy,Microscopy: instrumentation,Microscopy: methods,Nanostructures,Nanostructures: ultrastructure,Scattering,Small Angle,X-Ray Diffraction},
month = jul,
number = {5887},
pages = {379--382},
pmid = {18635796},
title = {{High-resolution scanning x-ray diffraction microscopy}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635796},
volume = {321},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Willett2009,
author = {Willett, RM and Raginsky, M},
doi = {10.1109/ISIT.2009.5205258},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Willett, Raginsky\_Performance bounds on compressed sensing with Poisson noise.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-1-4244-4312-3},
journal = {2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory},
month = jun,
number = {2},
pages = {174--178},
publisher = {Ieee},
title = {{Performance bounds on compressed sensing with Poisson noise}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5205258},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Wen2008,
abstract = {Coherent X-ray scattering is related to the electron density distribution by a Fourier transform, and therefore a window into the microscopic structures of biological samples. Current techniques of scattering rely on small-angle measurements from highly collimated X-ray beams produced from synchrotron light sources. Imaging of the distribution of scattering provides a new contrast mechanism which is different from absorption radiography, but is a lengthy process of raster or line scans of the beam over the object. Here, we describe an imaging technique in the spatial frequency domain capable of acquiring both the scattering and absorption distributions in a single exposure. We present first results obtained with conventional X-ray equipment. This method interposes a grid between the X-ray source and the imaged object, so that the grid-modulated image contains a primary image and a grid harmonic image. The ratio between the harmonic and primary images is shown to be a pure scattering image. It is the auto-correlation of the electron density distribution at a specific distance. We tested a number of samples at 60-200 nm autocorrelation distance, and found the scattering images to be distinct from the absorption images and reveal new features. This technique is simple to implement, and should help broaden the imaging applications of X-ray scattering.},
author = {Wen, H and Bennett, EE and Hegedus, MM and Carroll, SC},
doi = {10.1109/TMI.2007.912393},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Wen et al.\_Spatial harmonic imaging of X-ray scattering--initial results.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1558-0062},
journal = {IEEE transactions on medical imaging},
keywords = {Algorithms,Computer-Assisted,Computer-Assisted: methods,Imaging,Pilot Projects,Radiation,Radiographic Image Enhancement,Radiographic Image Enhancement: methods,Radiographic Image Interpretation,Radiography,Radiography: methods,Reproducibility of Results,Scattering,Sensitivity and Specificity,Three-Dimensional,Three-Dimensional: methods,X-Ray Diffraction,X-Ray Diffraction: methods,X-Rays},
month = aug,
number = {8},
pages = {997--1002},
pmid = {18672418},
title = {{Spatial harmonic imaging of X-ray scattering--initial results.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2882966\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {27},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Engelhardt2007a,
author = {Engelhardt, M and Baumann, J and Schuster, M and Kottler, C and Pfeiffer, F and Bunk, O and David, C},
doi = {10.1063/1.2743928},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Engelhardt et al.\_High-resolution differential phase contrast imaging using a magnifying projection geometry with a microfocus x-ray source.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00036951},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
number = {22},
pages = {224101},
title = {{High-resolution differential phase contrast imaging using a magnifying projection geometry with a microfocus x-ray source}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/90/224101/1},
volume = {90},
year = {2007}
}
@incollection{Muller1997,
author = {M\"{u}ller, R and R\"{u}egsegger, P},
booktitle = {Studies in health technology and informatics},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/M\"{u}ller, R\"{u}egsegger\_Micro-tomographic imaging for the nondestructive evaluation of trabecular bone architecture.pdf:pdf},
pages = {61--79},
title = {{Micro-tomographic imaging for the nondestructive evaluation of trabecular bone architecture}},
url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=roHyMLGr5lYC\&oi=fnd\&pg=PA61\&dq=Micro-Tomographic+Imaging+for+the+Nondestructive+evaluation+of+Trabecular+Bone+Architecture\&ots=HTbfArbf14\&sig=DsdLbrfAL60Dj9dqFAWQpgjXlgo},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Kiyohara2012,
author = {Kiyohara, Junko and Makifuchi, Chiho and Kido, Kazuhiro and Nagatsuka, Sumiya and Tanaka, Junji and Nagashima, Masabumi and Endo, Tokiko and Ichihara, Shu and Yashiro, W and Momose, Atsushi},
doi = {10.1063/1.4742275},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Kiyohara et al.\_Development of the Talbot-Lau interferometry system available for clinical use.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735410725},
pages = {97--102},
title = {{Development of the Talbot-Lau interferometry system available for clinical use}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APCPCS/v1466/i1/p97/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {97},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Engelhardt2007b,
abstract = {A refractive x-ray lens was characterized using a magnifying cone beam setup for differential phase contrast imaging in combination with a microfocus x-ray tube. Thereby, the differential and the total phase shift of x rays transmitted through the lens were determined. Lens aberrations have been characterized based on these refractive properties.},
author = {Engelhardt, M and Baumann, J and Schuster, M and Kottler, C and Pfeiffer, F and Bunk, O and David, C},
doi = {10.1063/1.2786273},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Engelhardt et al.\_Inspection of refractive X-ray lenses using high-resolution differential phase contrast imaging with a microfocus X-ray source.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0034-6748},
journal = {The Review of scientific instruments},
month = sep,
number = {9},
pages = {093707},
pmid = {17902955},
title = {{Inspection of refractive X-ray lenses using high-resolution differential phase contrast imaging with a microfocus X-ray source.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17902955},
volume = {78},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Qi2008,
author = {Qi, Z and Chen, GH},
doi = {10.1155/2008/835172},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Qi, Chen\_Direct Fan-Beam Reconstruction Algorithm via Filtered Backprojection for Differential Phase-Contrast Computed Tomography.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1687-7632},
journal = {X-Ray Optics and Instrumentation},
pages = {1--8},
title = {{Direct Fan-Beam Reconstruction Algorithm via Filtered Backprojection for Differential Phase-Contrast Computed Tomography}},
url = {http://www.hindawi.com/archive/2008/835172/},
volume = {2008},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Olivo2007,
author = {Olivo, A and Speller, R},
doi = {10.1063/1.2772193},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Olivo, Speller\_A coded-aperture technique allowing x-ray phase contrast imaging with conventional sources.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00036951},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
number = {7},
pages = {074106},
title = {{A coded-aperture technique allowing x-ray phase contrast imaging with conventional sources}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APPLAB/v91/i7/p074106/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {91},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Zanette2011,
author = {Zanette, I and Bech, M and Pfeiffer, F and Weitkamp, T},
doi = {10.1063/1.3559849},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Zanette et al.\_Interlaced phase stepping in phase-contrast x-ray tomography.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00036951},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
number = {9},
pages = {094101},
title = {{Interlaced phase stepping in phase-contrast x-ray tomography}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APPLAB/v98/i9/p094101/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {98},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Larsson2011,
abstract = {We present a high-brightness 24-keV electron-impact microfocus x-ray source based on continuous operation of a heated liquid-indium/gallium-jet anode. The 30-70 W electron beam is magnetically focused onto the jet, producing a circular 7-13 $\mu$m full width half maximum x-ray spot. The measured spectral brightness at the 24.2 keV In K($\alpha$) line is 3 × 10(9) photons∕(s × mm(2) × mrad(2) × 0.1\% BW) at 30 W electron-beam power. The high photon energy compared to existing liquid-metal-jet sources increases the penetration depth and allows imaging of thicker samples. The applicability of the source in the biomedical field is demonstrated by high-resolution imaging of a mammography phantom and a phase-contrast angiography phantom.},
author = {Larsson, DH and Takman, PAC and Lundstr\"{o}m, U and Burvall, A and Hertz, HM},
doi = {10.1063/1.3664870},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Larsson et al.\_A 24 keV liquid-metal-jet x-ray source for biomedical applications.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1089-7623},
journal = {The Review of scientific instruments},
keywords = {Angiography,Diagnostic Imaging,Diagnostic Imaging: methods,Gallium,Gallium: chemistry,Hot Temperature,Imaging,Indium,Indium: chemistry,Mammography,Phantoms,X-Rays},
month = dec,
number = {12},
pages = {123701},
pmid = {22225218},
title = {{A 24 keV liquid-metal-jet x-ray source for biomedical applications.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22225218},
volume = {82},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Guoqing,
author = {Guoqing, Y and Jianhua, D and Jingqin, M},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Guoqing, Jianhua, Jingqin\_A New Algorithm of Phase Unwrapping.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Citeseer},
keywords = {insar,least-squares,phase unwrapping,region-growing},
publisher = {Citeseer},
title = {{A New Algorithm of Phase Unwrapping}},
url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.88.8014\&rep=rep1\&type=pdf}
}
@inproceedings{Knaup2008,
author = {Knaup, M and Steckmann, S and Kachelriess, M},
booktitle = {IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Knaup, Steckmann, Kachelriess\_GPU-Based Parallel-Beam and Cone-Beam Forward- and Backprojection using CUDA.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781424427154},
pages = {5153--5157},
title = {{GPU-Based Parallel-Beam and Cone-Beam Forward- and Backprojection using CUDA}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs\_all.jsp?arnumber=4774396},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Yamada2012,
author = {Yamada, T and Yamada, H and Maeo, S and Sugie, Y and Yashiro, W and Hasegawa, D and Yamada, M and Momose, A},
doi = {10.1063/1.4742305},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Yamada et al.\_Advanced features of X-ray imaging by MIRRORCLE-CV4.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735410725},
number = {1},
pages = {278--287},
title = {{Advanced features of X-ray imaging by MIRRORCLE-CV4}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APCPCS/v1466/i1/p278/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {278},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Nelson1991,
author = {Nelson, G and ReWy, D},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Nelson, ReWy\_Gamma-Ray Interactions with Matter.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Passive Nondestructive Analysis of Nuclear Materials},
pages = {27--42},
title = {{Gamma-Ray Interactions with Matter}},
url = {http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/lib-www/la-pubs/00326397.pdf},
year = {1991}
}
@article{Sakaue2012,
author = {Sakaue, Kazuyuki and Aoki, Tatsuro and Washio, Masakazu and Araki, Sakae and Fukuda, Masafumi and Terunuma, Nobuhiro and Urakawa, Junji},
doi = {10.1063/1.4742304},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Sakaue et al.\_First refraction contrast imaging via Laser-Compton Scattering X-ray at KEK.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735410725},
pages = {272--277},
title = {{First refraction contrast imaging via Laser-Compton Scattering X-ray at KEK}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APCPCS/v1466/i1/p272/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {272},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Mimura2009,
author = {Mimura, H and Handa, So and Kimura, T and Yumoto, H and Yamakawa, D and Yokoyama, H and Matsuyama, S and Inagaki, K and Yamamura, K and Sano, Y and Tamasaku, K and Nishino, Y and Yabashi, M and Ishikawa, T and Yamauchi, K},
doi = {10.1038/nphys1457},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Mimura et al.\_Breaking the 10 nm barrier in hard-X-ray focusing.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1745-2473},
journal = {Nature Physics},
month = nov,
number = {2},
pages = {122--125},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Breaking the 10 nm barrier in hard-X-ray focusing}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nphys1457},
volume = {6},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Lewis2004,
author = {Lewis, R. A.},
doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/49/16/005},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library//Lewis\_Medical phase contrast x-ray imaging current status and future prospects.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0031-9155},
journal = {Physics in Medicine and Biology},
month = aug,
number = {16},
pages = {3573--3583},
title = {{Medical phase contrast x-ray imaging: current status and future prospects}},
url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0031-9155/49/i=16/a=005?key=crossref.2b6cd199870d98aeaed4d12c1fb4ba4c},
volume = {49},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Koehler2012b,
author = {Koehler, Thomas and Martens, Gerhard and van Stevendaal, Udo and Roessl, Ewald},
doi = {10.1063/1.4742293},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Koehler et al.\_Non-scatter contributions to the dark-field signal in differential phase contrast imaging.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735410725},
pages = {205--210},
title = {{Non-scatter contributions to the dark-field signal in differential phase contrast imaging}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APCPCS/v1466/i1/p205/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {205},
year = {2012}
}
@book{Boyd2004,
author = {Boyd, S and Vandenberghe, L},
booktitle = {IEEE transactions on medical imaging},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Boyd, Vandenberghe\_Convex optimization.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0521833787},
issn = {1558-0062},
month = sep,
pmid = {20876008},
publisher = {Cambridge Univ Pr},
title = {{Convex optimization}},
url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=mYm0bLd3fcoC\&oi=fnd\&pg=PR11\&dq=Convex+Optimization\&ots=tbbSvJPCP-\&sig=5O0OTA8431vp8\_Va-\_320ICnXMg},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Nango2012,
author = {Nango, Nobuhito and Kubota, Shogo and Yashiro, W and Momose, Atsushi and Takada, Yasunari and Matsuo, Koichi},
doi = {10.1063/1.4742292},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Nango et al.\_Constructing a multi-scan synchrotron X-ray microscope to study the function of osteocyte canaliculi in mouse bone.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735410725},
pages = {199--204},
title = {{Constructing a multi-scan synchrotron X-ray microscope to study the function of osteocyte canaliculi in mouse bone}},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/APCPCS/v1466/i1/p199/s1\&Agg=doi},
volume = {199},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Beer1852,
author = {Beer, A},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Beer\_Bestimmung der Absorption des rothen Lichts in farbigen Fl\"{u}ssigkeiten.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Annalen der Physik und Chemie},
pages = {78--88},
title = {{Bestimmung der Absorption des rothen Lichts in farbigen Fl\"{u}ssigkeiten}},
url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&btnG=Search\&q=intitle:Bestimmung+der+Absorption+des+rothen+Lichts+in+farbigen+Fl\"{u}ssigkeiten\#0},
volume = {86},
year = {1852}
}
@article{Steinbach2000,
author = {Steinbach, LS and Resnick, D},
journal = {Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology},
number = {6},
pages = {209--229},
title = {{Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease: imaging perspectives}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0363018800900148},
volume = {29},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Fouque-Aubert2012,
abstract = {Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by an early inflammatory related periarticular osteopenia. A new high resolution direct digital X-ray device has been recently developed to provide bone texture analysis which is designed to assess changes in trabecular bone architecture. For the first time, we have evaluated trabecular bone texture impairment in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to healthy controls.},
author = {Fouque-Aubert, A and Boutroy, S and Marotte, H and Vilayphiou, N and Lespessailles, E and Benhamou, CL and Miossec, P and Chapurlat, R},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.09.012},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Fouque-Aubert et al.\_Assessment of hand trabecular bone texture with high resolution direct digital radiograph in rheumatoid arthritis a case control study.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1778-7254},
journal = {Joint, bone, spine},
keywords = {Adult,Arthritis,Bone Diseases,Case-Control Studies,Cross-Sectional Studies,Female,Humans,Male,Metabolic,Metabolic: etiology,Metabolic: radiography,Metacarpal Bones,Metacarpal Bones: radiography,Middle Aged,Reproducibility of Results,Rheumatoid,Rheumatoid: complications,Rheumatoid: radiography,Tomography,X-Ray Computed,Young Adult},
month = jul,
number = {4},
pages = {379--383},
pmid = {22088933},
title = {{Assessment of hand trabecular bone texture with high resolution direct digital radiograph in rheumatoid arthritis: a case control study}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22088933},
volume = {79},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Pfeiffer2007b,
author = {Pfeiffer, F and Kottler, C and Bunk, O and David, C},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.108105},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Pfeiffer et al.\_Hard X-Ray Phase Tomography with Low-Brilliance Sources.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0031-9007},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
month = mar,
number = {10},
pages = {108105},
title = {{Hard X-Ray Phase Tomography with Low-Brilliance Sources}},
url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.108105},
volume = {98},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Bravin2003,
author = {Bravin, a. and Fiedler, S. and Coan, P. and Labiche, J.-C. and Ponchut, C. and Peterzol, a. and Thomlinson, W.},
doi = {10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01675-9},
file = {:afs/psi.ch/user/t/thuering/work/article\_library/Bravin et al.\_Comparison between a position sensitive germanium detector and a taper optics CCD “FRELON” camera for diffraction enhanced imaging.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01689002},
journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
keywords = {diffraction enhanced imaging,digital mammography,position sensitive,synchrotron radiation,taper optics ccd},
month = sep,
number = {1-2},
pages = {35--40},
title = {{Comparison between a position sensitive germanium detector and a taper optics CCD “FRELON” camera for diffraction enhanced imaging}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168900203016759},