Pin cryptography to latest version 42.0.7

[pyup-bot]

This PR pins cryptography to the latest release 42.0.7.

Changelog

42.0.7

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Restored Windows 7 compatibility for our pre-built wheels. Note that we do
not test on Windows 7 and wheels for our next release will not support it.
Microsoft no longer provides support for Windows 7 and users are encouraged
to upgrade.

.. _v42-0-6:

42.0.6

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed compilation when using LibreSSL 3.9.1.

.. _v42-0-5:

42.0.5

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Limit the number of name constraint checks that will be performed in
:mod:`X.509 path validation <cryptography.x509.verification>` to protect
against denial of service attacks.
* Upgrade ``pyo3`` version, which fixes building on PowerPC.

.. _v42-0-4:

42.0.4

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed a null-pointer-dereference and segfault that could occur when creating
a PKCS12 bundle. Credit to **Alexander-Programming** for reporting the
issue. **CVE-2024-26130**
* Fixed ASN.1 encoding for PKCS7/SMIME signed messages. The fields ``SMIMECapabilities``
and ``SignatureAlgorithmIdentifier`` should now be correctly encoded according to the
definitions in :rfc:`2633` :rfc:`3370`.

.. _v42-0-3:

42.0.3

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed an initialization issue that caused key loading failures for some
users.

.. _v42-0-2:

42.0.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.2.1.
* Fixed an issue that prevented the use of Python buffer protocol objects in
``sign`` and ``verify`` methods on asymmetric keys.
* Fixed an issue with incorrect keyword-argument naming with ``EllipticCurvePrivateKey``
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey.exchange`,
``X25519PrivateKey``
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x25519.X25519PrivateKey.exchange`,
``X448PrivateKey``
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x448.X448PrivateKey.exchange`,
and ``DHPrivateKey``
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.DHPrivateKey.exchange`.

.. _v42-0-1:

42.0.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed an issue with incorrect keyword-argument naming with ``EllipticCurvePrivateKey``
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey.sign`.
* Resolved compatibility issue with loading certain RSA public keys in
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_pem_public_key`.

.. _v42-0-0:

42.0.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for LibreSSL < 3.7.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Loading a PKCS7 with no content field using
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.load_pem_pkcs7_certificates`
or
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.load_der_pkcs7_certificates`
will now raise a ``ValueError`` rather than return an empty list.
* Parsing SSH certificates no longer permits malformed critical options with
values, as documented in the 41.0.2 release notes.
* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.2.0.
* Updated the minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) to 1.63.0, from 1.56.0.
* We now publish both ``py37`` and ``py39`` ``abi3`` wheels. This should
resolve some errors relating to initializing a module multiple times per
process.
* Support :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS` for
X.509 certificate signing requests and certificate revocation lists with the
keyword-only argument ``rsa_padding`` on the ``sign`` methods for
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequestBuilder` and
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationListBuilder`.
* Added support for obtaining X.509 certificate signing request signature
algorithm parameters (including PSS) via
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest.signature_algorithm_parameters`.
* Added support for obtaining X.509 certificate revocation list signature
algorithm parameters (including PSS) via
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.signature_algorithm_parameters`.
* Added ``mgf`` property to
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS`.
* Added ``algorithm`` and ``mgf`` properties to
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.OAEP`.
* Added the following properties that return timezone-aware ``datetime`` objects:
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.not_valid_before_utc`,
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.not_valid_after_utc`,
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificate.revocation_date_utc`,
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.next_update_utc`,
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.last_update_utc`.
These are timezone-aware variants of existing properties that return naïve
``datetime`` objects.
* Deprecated the following properties that return naïve ``datetime`` objects:
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.not_valid_before`,
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.not_valid_after`,
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificate.revocation_date`,
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.next_update`,
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.last_update`
in favor of the new timezone-aware variants mentioned above.
* Added support for
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.ChaCha20`
on LibreSSL.
* Added support for RSA PSS signatures in PKCS7 with
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.PKCS7SignatureBuilder.add_signer`.
* In the next release (43.0.0) of cryptography, loading an X.509 certificate
with a negative serial number will raise an exception. This has been
deprecated since 36.0.0.
* Added support for
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESGCMSIV` when using
OpenSSL 3.2.0+.
* Added the :mod:`X.509 path validation <cryptography.x509.verification>` APIs
for :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate` chains. These APIs should be
considered unstable and not subject to our stability guarantees until
documented as such in a future release.
* Added support for
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.SM4`
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.GCM`
when using OpenSSL 3.0 or greater.

.. _v41-0-7:

41.0.7

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed compilation when using LibreSSL 3.8.2.

.. _v41-0-6:

41.0.6

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed a null-pointer-dereference and segfault that could occur when loading
certificates from a PKCS7 bundle.  Credit to **pkuzco** for reporting the
issue. **CVE-2023-49083**

.. _v41-0-5:

41.0.5

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4.
* Added a function to support an upcoming ``pyOpenSSL`` release.

.. _v41-0-4:

41.0.4

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3.

.. _v41-0-3:

41.0.3

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed performance regression loading DH public keys.
* Fixed a memory leak when using
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.ChaCha20Poly1305`.
* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.2.

.. _v41-0-2:

41.0.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed bugs in creating and parsing SSH certificates where critical options
with values were handled incorrectly. Certificates are now created correctly
and parsing accepts correct values as well as the previously generated
invalid forms with a warning. In the next release, support for parsing these
invalid forms will be removed.

.. _v41-0-1:

41.0.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Temporarily allow invalid ECDSA signature algorithm parameters in X.509
certificates, which are generated by older versions of Java.
* Allow null bytes in pass phrases when serializing private keys.

.. _v41-0-0:

41.0.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for OpenSSL less than 1.1.1d has been
removed.  Users on older version of OpenSSL will need to upgrade.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for Python 3.6 has been removed.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for LibreSSL < 3.6.
* Updated the minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) to 1.56.0, from 1.48.0.
* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.1.
* Added support for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.OCSPAcceptableResponses`
OCSP extension.
* Added support for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.MSCertificateTemplate`
proprietary Microsoft certificate extension.
* Implemented support for equality checks on all asymmetric public key types.
* Added support for ``aes256-gcmopenssh.com`` encrypted keys in
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_private_key`.
* Added support for obtaining X.509 certificate signature algorithm parameters
(including PSS) via
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.signature_algorithm_parameters`.
* Support signing :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS`
X.509 certificates via the new keyword-only argument ``rsa_padding`` on
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder.sign`.
* Added support for
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.ChaCha20Poly1305`
on BoringSSL.

.. _v40-0-2:

40.0.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed compilation when using LibreSSL 3.7.2.
* Added some functions to support an upcoming ``pyOpenSSL`` release.

.. _v40-0-1:

40.0.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed a bug where certain operations would fail if an object happened to be
in the top-half of the memory-space. This only impacted 32-bit systems.

.. _v40-0-0:

40.0.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** As announced in the 39.0.0 changelog, the way
``cryptography`` links OpenSSL has changed. This only impacts users who
build ``cryptography`` from source (i.e., not from a ``wheel``), and
specify their own version of OpenSSL. For those users, the ``CFLAGS``,
``LDFLAGS``, ``INCLUDE``, ``LIB``, and ``CRYPTOGRAPHY_SUPPRESS_LINK_FLAGS``
environment variables are no longer valid. Instead, users need to configure
their builds `as documented here`_.
* Support for Python 3.6 is deprecated and will be removed in the next
release.
* Deprecated the current minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) of 1.48.0.
In the next release we will raise MSRV to 1.56.0. Users with the latest
``pip`` will typically get a wheel and not need Rust installed, but check
:doc:`/installation` for documentation on installing a newer ``rustc`` if
required.
* Deprecated support for OpenSSL less than 1.1.1d. The next release of
``cryptography`` will drop support for older versions.
* Deprecated support for DSA keys in
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_public_key`
and
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_private_key`.
* Deprecated support for OpenSSH serialization in
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey`
and
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey`.
* The minimum supported version of PyPy3 is now 7.3.10.
* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.0.
* Added support for parsing SSH certificates in addition to public keys with
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_public_identity`.
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_public_key`
continues to support only public keys.
* Added support for generating SSH certificates with
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.SSHCertificateBuilder`.
* Added :meth:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.verify_directly_issued_by` to
:class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate`.
* Added a check to :class:`~cryptography.x509.NameConstraints` to ensure that
:class:`~cryptography.x509.DNSName` constraints do not contain any ``*``
wildcards.
* Removed many unused CFFI OpenSSL bindings. This will not impact you unless
you are using ``cryptography`` to directly invoke OpenSSL's C API. Note that
these have never been considered a stable, supported, public API by
``cryptography``, this note is included as a courtesy.
* The X.509 builder classes now raise ``UnsupportedAlgorithm`` instead of
``ValueError`` if an unsupported hash algorithm is passed.
* Added public union type aliases for type hinting:

* Asymmetric types:
 :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types.PublicKeyTypes`,
 :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types.PrivateKeyTypes`,
 :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types.CertificatePublicKeyTypes`,
 :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types.CertificateIssuerPublicKeyTypes`,
 :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types.CertificateIssuerPrivateKeyTypes`.
* SSH keys:
 :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.SSHPublicKeyTypes`,
 :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.SSHPrivateKeyTypes`,
 :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.SSHCertPublicKeyTypes`,
 :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.SSHCertPrivateKeyTypes`.
* PKCS12:
 :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12.PKCS12PrivateKeyTypes`
* PKCS7:
 :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.PKCS7HashTypes`,
 :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.PKCS7PrivateKeyTypes`.
* Two-factor:
 :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.twofactor.hotp.HOTPHashTypes`

* Deprecated previously undocumented but not private type aliases in the
``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types`` module in favor of new
ones above.


.. _v39-0-2:

39.0.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed a bug where the content type header was not properly encoded for
PKCS7 signatures when using the ``Text`` option and ``SMIME`` encoding.


.. _v39-0-1:

39.0.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **SECURITY ISSUE** - Fixed a bug where ``Cipher.update_into`` accepted Python
buffer protocol objects, but allowed immutable buffers. **CVE-2023-23931**
* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.8.

.. _v39-0-0:

39.0.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for OpenSSL 1.1.0 has been removed.
Users on older version of OpenSSL will need to upgrade.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for LibreSSL < 3.5. The new
minimum LibreSSL version is 3.5.0. Going forward our policy is to support
versions of LibreSSL that are available in versions of OpenBSD that are
still receiving security support.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Removed the ``encode_point`` and
``from_encoded_point`` methods on
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicNumbers`,
which had been deprecated for several years.
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.public_bytes`
and
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.from_encoded_point`
should be used instead.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for using MD5 or SHA1 in
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder`, other X.509 builders, and
PKCS7 has been removed.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for macOS 10.10 and 10.11, macOS
users must upgrade to 10.12 or newer.
* **ANNOUNCEMENT:** The next version of ``cryptography`` (40.0) will change
the way we link OpenSSL. This will only impact users who build
``cryptography`` from source (i.e., not from a ``wheel``), and specify their
own version of OpenSSL. For those users, the ``CFLAGS``, ``LDFLAGS``,
``INCLUDE``, ``LIB``, and ``CRYPTOGRAPHY_SUPPRESS_LINK_FLAGS`` environment
variables will no longer be respected. Instead, users will need to
configure their builds `as documented here`_.
* Added support for
:ref:`disabling the legacy provider in OpenSSL 3.0.x<legacy-provider>`.
* Added support for disabling RSA key validation checks when loading RSA
keys via
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_pem_private_key`,
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_der_private_key`,
and
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateNumbers.private_key`.
This speeds up key loading but is :term:`unsafe` if you are loading potentially
attacker supplied keys.
* Significantly improved performance for
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.ChaCha20Poly1305`
when repeatedly calling ``encrypt`` or ``decrypt`` with the same key.
* Added support for creating OCSP requests with precomputed hashes using
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.ocsp.OCSPRequestBuilder.add_certificate_by_hash`.
* Added support for loading multiple PEM-encoded X.509 certificates from
a single input via :func:`~cryptography.x509.load_pem_x509_certificates`.

.. _v38-0-4:

38.0.4

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed compilation when using LibreSSL 3.6.0.
* Fixed error when using ``py2app`` to build an application with a
``cryptography`` dependency.

.. _v38-0-3:

38.0.3

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.7,
which resolves *CVE-2022-3602* and *CVE-2022-3786*.

.. _v38-0-2:

38.0.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. attention::

 This release was subsequently yanked from PyPI due to a regression in OpenSSL.

* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.6.


.. _v38-0-1:

38.0.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed parsing TLVs in ASN.1 with length greater than 65535 bytes (typically
seen in large CRLs).

.. _v38-0-0:

38.0.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Final deprecation of OpenSSL 1.1.0. The next release of ``cryptography``
will drop support.
* We no longer ship ``manylinux2010`` wheels. Users should upgrade to the
latest ``pip`` to ensure this doesn't cause issues downloading wheels on
their platform. We now ship ``manylinux_2_28`` wheels for users on new
enough platforms.
* Updated the minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) to 1.48.0, from 1.41.0.
Users with the latest ``pip`` will typically get a wheel and not need Rust
installed, but check :doc:`/installation` for documentation on installing a
newer ``rustc`` if required.
* :meth:`~cryptography.fernet.Fernet.decrypt` and related methods now accept
both ``str`` and ``bytes`` tokens.
* Parsing ``CertificateSigningRequest`` restores the behavior of enforcing
that the ``Extension`` ``critical`` field must be correctly encoded DER. See
`the issue <https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/6368>`_ for complete
details.
* Added two new OpenSSL functions to the bindings to support an upcoming
``pyOpenSSL`` release.
* When parsing :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList` and
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest` values, it is now
enforced that the ``version`` value in the input must be valid according to
the rules of :rfc:`2986` and :rfc:`5280`.
* Using MD5 or SHA1 in :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder` and
other X.509 builders is deprecated and support will be removed in the next
version.
* Added additional APIs to
:class:`~cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency.SignedCertificateTimestamp`, including
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency.SignedCertificateTimestamp.signature_hash_algorithm`,
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency.SignedCertificateTimestamp.signature_algorithm`,
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency.SignedCertificateTimestamp.signature`, and
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency.SignedCertificateTimestamp.extension_bytes`.
* Added :attr:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.tbs_precertificate_bytes`, allowing
users to access the to-be-signed pre-certificate data needed for signed
certificate timestamp verification.
* :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.kbkdf.KBKDFHMAC` and
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.kbkdf.KBKDFCMAC` now support
:attr:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.kbkdf.CounterLocation.MiddleFixed`
counter location.
* Fixed :rfc:`4514` name parsing to reverse the order of the RDNs according
to the section 2.1 of the RFC, affecting method
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.Name.from_rfc4514_string`.
* It is now possible to customize some aspects of encryption when serializing
private keys, using
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.PrivateFormat.encryption_builder`.
* Removed several legacy symbols from our OpenSSL bindings. Users of pyOpenSSL
versions older than 22.0 will need to upgrade.
* Added
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.AES128` and
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.AES256` classes.
These classes do not replace
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.AES` (which
allows all AES key lengths), but are intended for applications where
developers want to be explicit about key length.

.. _v37-0-4:

37.0.4

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.5.

.. _v37-0-3:

37.0.3

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. attention::

 This release was subsequently yanked from PyPI due to a regression in OpenSSL.

* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.4.

.. _v37-0-2:

37.0.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.3.
* Added a constant needed for an upcoming pyOpenSSL release.

.. _v37-0-1:

37.0.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed an issue where parsing an encrypted private key with the public
loader functions would hang waiting for console input on OpenSSL 3.0.x rather
than raising an error.
* Restored some legacy symbols for older ``pyOpenSSL`` users. These will be
removed again in the future, so ``pyOpenSSL`` users should still upgrade
to the latest version of that package when they upgrade ``cryptography``.

.. _v37-0-0:

37.0.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.2.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for LibreSSL 2.9.x and 3.0.x.
The new minimum LibreSSL version is 3.1+.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Removed ``signer`` and ``verifier`` methods
from the public key and private key classes. These methods were originally
deprecated in version 2.0, but had an extended deprecation timeline due
to usage. Any remaining users should transition to ``sign`` and ``verify``.
* Deprecated OpenSSL 1.1.0 support. OpenSSL 1.1.0 is no longer supported by
the OpenSSL project. The next release of ``cryptography`` will be the last
to support compiling with OpenSSL 1.1.0.
* Deprecated Python 3.6 support. Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the
Python core team. Support for Python 3.6 will be removed in a future
``cryptography`` release.
* Deprecated the current minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) of 1.41.0.
In the next release we will raise MSRV to 1.48.0. Users with the latest
``pip`` will typically get a wheel and not need Rust installed, but check
:doc:`/installation` for documentation on installing a newer ``rustc`` if
required.
* Deprecated
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.CAST5`,
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.SEED`,
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.IDEA`, and
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.Blowfish` because
they are legacy algorithms with extremely low usage. These will be removed
in a future version of ``cryptography``.
* Added limited support for distinguished names containing a bit string.
* We now ship ``universal2`` wheels on macOS, which contain both ``arm64``
and ``x86_64`` architectures. Users on macOS should upgrade to the latest
``pip`` to ensure they can use this wheel, although we will continue to
ship ``x86_64`` specific wheels for now to ease the transition.
* This will be the final release for which we ship ``manylinux2010`` wheels.
Going forward the minimum supported ``manylinux`` ABI for our wheels will
be ``manylinux2014``. The vast majority of users will continue to receive
``manylinux`` wheels provided they have an up to date ``pip``. For PyPy
wheels this release already requires ``manylinux2014`` for compatibility
with binaries distributed by upstream.
* Added support for multiple
:class:`~cryptography.x509.ocsp.OCSPSingleResponse` in a
:class:`~cryptography.x509.ocsp.OCSPResponse`.
* Restored support for signing certificates and other structures in
:doc:`/x509/index` with SHA3 hash algorithms.
* :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.TripleDES` is
disabled in FIPS mode.
* Added support for serialization of PKCS12 CA friendly names/aliases in
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12.serialize_key_and_certificates`
* Added support for 12-15 byte (96 to 120 bit) nonces to
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESOCB3`. This class
previously supported only 12 byte (96 bit).
* Added support for
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESSIV` when using
OpenSSL 3.0.0+.
* Added support for serializing PKCS7 structures from a list of
certificates with
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.serialize_certificates`.
* Added support for parsing :rfc:`4514` strings with
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.Name.from_rfc4514_string`.
* Added :attr:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS.AUTO` to
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS`. This can
be used to verify a signature where the salt length is not already known.
* Added :attr:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS.DIGEST_LENGTH`
to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS`. This
constant will set the salt length to the same length as the ``PSS`` hash
algorithm.
* Added support for loading RSA-PSS key types with
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_pem_private_key`
and
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_der_private_key`.
This functionality is limited to OpenSSL 1.1.1e+ and loads the key as a
normal RSA private key, discarding the PSS constraint information.

.. _v36-0-2:

36.0.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1n.

.. _v36-0-1:

36.0.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1m.

.. _v36-0-0:

36.0.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **FINAL DEPRECATION** Support for ``verifier`` and ``signer`` on our
asymmetric key classes was deprecated in version 2.0. These functions had an
extended deprecation due to usage, however the next version of
``cryptography`` will drop support. Users should migrate to ``sign`` and
``verify``.
* The entire :doc:`/x509/index` layer is now written in Rust. This allows
alternate asymmetric key implementations that can support cloud key
management services or hardware security modules provided they implement
the necessary interface (for example:
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey`).
* :ref:`Deprecated the backend argument<faq-missing-backend>` for all
functions.
* Added support for
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESOCB3`.
* Added support for iterating over arbitrary request
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest.attributes`.
* Deprecated the ``get_attribute_for_oid`` method on
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest` in favor of
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.Attributes.get_attribute_for_oid` on the new
:class:`~cryptography.x509.Attributes` object.
* Fixed handling of PEM files to allow loading when certificate and key are
in the same file.
* Fixed parsing of :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificatePolicies` extensions
containing legacy ``BMPString`` values in their ``explicitText``.
* Allow parsing of negative serial numbers in certificates. Negative serial
numbers are prohibited by :rfc:`5280` so a deprecation warning will be
raised whenever they are encountered. A future version of ``cryptography``
will drop support for parsing them.
* Added support for parsing PKCS12 files with friendly names for all
certificates with
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12.load_pkcs12`,
which will return an object of type
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12.PKCS12KeyAndCertificates`.
* :meth:`~cryptography.x509.Name.rfc4514_string` and related methods now have
an optional ``attr_name_overrides`` parameter to supply custom OID to name
mappings, which can be used to match vendor-specific extensions.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Reverted the nonstandard formatting of
email address fields as ``E`` in
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.Name.rfc4514_string` methods from version 35.0.

The previous behavior can be restored with:
``name.rfc4514_string({NameOID.EMAIL_ADDRESS: "E"})``
* Allow
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x25519.X25519PublicKey`
and
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x448.X448PublicKey` to
be used as public keys when parsing certificates or creating them with
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder`. These key types must be
signed with a different signing algorithm as ``X25519`` and ``X448`` do
not support signing.
* Extension values can now be serialized to a DER byte string by calling
:func:`~cryptography.x509.ExtensionType.public_bytes`.
* Added experimental support for compiling against BoringSSL. As BoringSSL
does not commit to a stable API, ``cryptography`` tests against the
latest commit only. Please note that several features are not available
when building against BoringSSL.
* Parsing ``CertificateSigningRequest`` from DER and PEM now, for a limited
time period, allows the ``Extension`` ``critical`` field to be incorrectly
encoded. See `the issue <https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/6368>`_
for complete details. This will be reverted in a future ``cryptography``
release.
* When :class:`~cryptography.x509.OCSPNonce` are parsed and generated their
value is now correctly wrapped in an ASN.1 ``OCTET STRING``. This conforms
to :rfc:`6960` but conflicts with the original behavior specified in
:rfc:`2560`. For a temporary period for backwards compatibility, we will
also parse values that are encoded as specified in :rfc:`2560` but this
behavior will be removed in a future release.

.. _v35-0-0:

35.0.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Changed the :ref:`version scheme <api-stability:versioning>`. This will
result in us incrementing the major version more frequently, but does not
change our existing backwards compatibility policy.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** The :doc:`/x509/index` PEM parsers now require
that the PEM string passed have PEM delimiters of the correct type. For
example, parsing a private key PEM concatenated with a certificate PEM will
no longer be accepted by the PEM certificate parser.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** The X.509 certificate parser no longer allows
negative serial numbers. :rfc:`5280` has always prohibited these.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Additional forms of invalid ASN.1 found during
:doc:`/x509/index` parsing will raise an error on initial parse rather than
when the malformed field is accessed.
* Rust is now required for building ``cryptography``, the
``CRYPTOGRAPHY_DONT_BUILD_RUST`` environment variable is no longer
respected.
* Parsers for :doc:`/x509/index` no longer use OpenSSL and have been
rewritten in Rust. This should be backwards compatible (modulo the items
listed above) and improve both security and performance.
* Added support for OpenSSL 3.0.0 as a compilation target.
* Added support for
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SM3` and
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.SM4`,
when using OpenSSL 1.1.1. These algorithms are provided for compatibility
in regions where they may be required, and are not generally recommended.
* We now ship ``manylinux_2_24`` and ``musllinux_1_1`` wheels, in addition to
our ``manylinux2010`` and ``manylinux2014`` wheels. Users on distributions
like Alpine Linux should ensure they upgrade to the latest ``pip`` to
correctly receive wheels.
* Added ``rfc4514_attribute_name`` attribute to :attr:`x509.NameAttribute
<cryptography.x509.NameAttribute.rfc4514_attribute_name>`.
* Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.kbkdf.KBKDFCMAC`.

.. _v3-4-8:

3.4.8

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.1l.

.. _v3-4-7:

3.4.7

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.1k.

.. _v3-4-6:

3.4.6

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.1j.

.. _v3-4-5:

3.4.5

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Various improvements to type hints.
* Lower the minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) to >=1.41.0. This change
improves compatibility with system-provided Rust on several Linux
distributions.
* ``cryptography`` will be switching to a new versioning scheme with its next
feature release. More information is available in our
:doc:`/api-stability` documentation.

.. _v3-4-4:

3.4.4

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Added a ``py.typed`` file so that ``mypy`` will know to use our type
annotations.
* Fixed an import cycle that could be triggered by certain import sequences.

.. _v3-4-3:

3.4.3

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Specify our supported Rust version (>=1.45.0) in our ``setup.py`` so users
on older versions will get a clear error message.

.. _v3-4-2:

3.4.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Improvements to make the rust transition a bit easier. This includes some
better error messages and small dependency fixes. If you experience
installation problems **Be sure to update pip** first, then check the
:doc:`FAQ </faq>`.

.. _v3-4-1:

3.4.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed a circular import issue.
* Added additional debug output to assist users seeing installation errors
due to outdated ``pip`` or missing ``rustc``.

.. _v3-4:

3.4

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for Python 2 has been removed.
* We now ship ``manylinux2014`` wheels and no longer ship ``manylinux1``
wheels. Users should upgrade to the latest ``pip`` to ensure this doesn't
cause issues downloading wheels on their platform.
* ``cryptography`` now incorporates Rust code. Users building ``cryptography``
themselves will need to have the Rust toolchain installed. Users who use an
officially produced wheel will not need to make any changes. The minimum
supported Rust version is 1.45.0.
* ``cryptography`` now has :pep:`484` type hints on nearly all of of its public
APIs. Users can begin using them to type check their code with ``mypy``.

.. _v3-3-2:

3.3.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **SECURITY ISSUE:** Fixed a bug where certain sequences of ``update()`` calls
when symmetrically encrypting very large payloads (>2GB) could result in an
integer overflow, leading to buffer overflows. *CVE-2020-36242* **Update:**
This fix is a workaround for *CVE-2021-23840* in OpenSSL, fixed in OpenSSL
1.1.1j.

.. _v3-3-1:

3.3.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Re-added a legacy symbol causing problems for older ``pyOpenSSL`` users.

.. _v3-3:

3.3

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for Python 3.5 has been removed due to
low usage and maintenance burden.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** The
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.GCM` and
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESGCM` now require
64-bit to 1024-bit (8 byte to 128 byte) initialization vectors. This change
is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that will no longer support
sizes outside this window.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** When deserializing asymmetric keys we now
raise ``ValueError`` rather than ``UnsupportedAlgorithm`` when an
unsupported cipher is used. This change is to conform with an upcoming
OpenSSL release that will no longer distinguish between error types.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** We no longer allow loading of finite field
Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to
conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller
sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used
in any application outside of testing.
* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.1i.
* Python 2 support is deprecated in ``cryptography``. This is the last release
that will support Python 2.
* Added the
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey.recover_data_from_signature`
function to
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey`
for recovering the signed data from an RSA signature.

.. _v3-2-1:

3.2.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Disable blinding on RSA public keys to address an error with some versions
of OpenSSL.

.. _v3-2:

3.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **SECURITY ISSUE:** Attempted to make RSA PKCS1v1.5 decryption more constant
time, to protect against Bleichenbacher vulnerabilities. Due to limitations
imposed by our API, we cannot completely mitigate this vulnerability and a
future release will contain a new API which is designed to be resilient to
these for contexts where it is required. Credit to **Hubert Kario** for
reporting the issue. *CVE-2020-25659*
* Support for OpenSSL 1.0.2 has been removed. Users on older version of OpenSSL
will need to upgrade.
* Added basic support for PKCS7 signing (including SMIME) via
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.PKCS7SignatureBuilder`.

.. _v3-1-1:

3.1.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.1h.

.. _v3-1:

3.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Removed support for ``idna`` based
:term:`U-label` parsing in various X.509 classes. This support was originally
deprecated in version 2.1 and moved to an extra in 2.5.
* Deprecated OpenSSL 1.0.2 support. OpenSSL 1.0.2 is no longer supported by
the OpenSSL project. The next version of ``cryptography`` will drop support
for it.
* Deprecated support for Python 3.5. This version sees very little use and will
be removed in the next release.
* ``backend`` arguments to functions are no longer required and the
default backend will automatically be selected if no ``backend`` is provided.
* Added initial support for parsing certificates from PKCS7 files with
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.load_pem_pkcs7_certificates`
and
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.load_der_pkcs7_certificates`
.
* Calling ``update`` or ``update_into`` on
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.CipherContext` with ``data``
longer than 2\ :sup:`31` bytes no longer raises an ``OverflowError``. This
also resolves the same issue in :doc:`/fernet`.

.. _v3-0:

3.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Removed support for passing an
:class:`~cryptography.x509.Extension` instance to
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier.from_issuer_subject_key_identifier`,
as per our deprecation policy.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for LibreSSL 2.7.x, 2.8.x, and 2.9.0 has
been removed (2.9.1+ is still supported).
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for macOS 10.9, macOS users must
upgrade to 10.10 or newer.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** RSA
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.generate_private_key`
no longer accepts ``public_exponent`` values except 65537 and 3 (the latter
for legacy purposes).
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** X.509 certificate parsing now enforces that the
``version`` field contains a valid value, rather than deferring this check
until :attr:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.version` is accessed.
* Deprecated support for Python 2. At the time there is no time table for
actually dropping support, however we strongly encourage all users to upgrade
their Python, as Python 2 no longer receives support from the Python core
team.

If you have trouble suppressing this warning in tests view the :ref:`FAQ
entry addressing this issue <faq-howto-handle-deprecation-warning>`.

* Added support for ``OpenSSH`` serialization format for
``ec``, ``ed25519``, ``rsa`` and ``dsa`` private keys:
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_private_key`
for loading and
:attr:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.PrivateFormat.OpenSSH`
for writing.
* Added support for ``OpenSSH`` certificates to
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_public_key`.
* Added :meth:`~cryptography.fernet.Fernet.encrypt_at_time` and
:meth:`~cryptography.fernet.Fernet.decrypt_at_time` to
:class:`~cryptography.fernet.Fernet`.
* Added support for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.SubjectInformationAccess`
X.509 extension.
* Added support for parsing
:class:`~cryptography.x509.SignedCertificateTimestamps` in OCSP responses.
* Added support for parsing attributes in certificate signing requests via
``CertificateSigningRequest.get_attribute_for_oid``.
* Added support for encoding attributes in certificate signing requests via
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequestBuilder.add_attribute`.
* On OpenSSL 1.1.1d and higher ``cryptography`` now uses OpenSSL's
built-in CSPRNG instead of its own OS random engine because these versions of
OpenSSL properly reseed on fork.
* Added initial support for creating PKCS12 files with
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12.serialize_key_and_certificates`.

.. _v2-9-2:

2.9.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated the macOS wheel to fix an issue where it would not run on macOS
versions older than 10.15.

.. _v2-9-1:

2.9.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.1g.

.. _v2-9:

2.9

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for Python 3.4 has been removed due to
low usage and maintenance burden.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for OpenSSL 1.0.1 has been removed.
Users on older version of OpenSSL will need to upgrade.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for LibreSSL 2.6.x has been removed.
* Removed support for calling
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x25519.X25519PublicKey.public_bytes`
with no arguments, as per our deprecation policy. You must now pass
``encoding`` and ``format``.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Reversed the order in which
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.Name.rfc4514_string` returns the RDNs
as required by :rfc:`4514`.
* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.1f.
* Added support for parsing
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.ocsp.OCSPResponse.single_extensions` in an OCSP
response.
* :class:`~cryptography.x509.NameAttribute` values can now be empty strings.

.. _v2-8:

2.8

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.1d.
* Added support for Python 3.8.
* Added class methods
:meth:`Poly1305.generate_tag
<cryptography.hazmat.primitives.poly1305.Poly1305.generate_tag>`
and
:meth:`Poly1305.verify_tag
<cryptography.hazmat.primitives.poly1305.Poly1305.verify_tag>`
for Poly1305 sign and verify operations.
* Deprecated support for OpenSSL 1.0.1. Support will be removed in
``cryptography`` 2.9.
* We now ship ``manylinux2010`` wheels in addition to our ``manylinux1``
wheels.
* Added support for ``ed25519`` and ``ed448`` keys in the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder`,
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequestBuilder`,
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationListBuilder` and
:class:`~cryptography.x509.ocsp.OCSPResponseBuilder`.
* ``cryptography`` no longer depends on ``asn1crypto``.
* :class:`~cryptography.x509.FreshestCRL` is now allowed as a
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList` extension.

.. _v2-7:

2.7

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** We no longer distribute 32-bit ``manylinux1``
wheels. Continuing to produce them was a maintenance burden.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Removed the
``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.mac.MACContext`` interface. The ``CMAC`` and
``HMAC`` APIs have not changed, but they are no longer registered as
``MACContext`` instances.
* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.1c.
* Removed support for running our tests with ``setup.py test``. Users
interested in running our tests can continue to follow the directions in our
:doc:`development documentation</development/getting-started>`.
* Add support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.poly1305.Poly1305`
when using OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer.
* Support serialization with ``Encoding.OpenSSH`` and ``PublicFormat.OpenSSH``
in
:meth:`Ed25519PublicKey.public_bytes
<cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey.public_bytes>`
.
* Correctly allow passing a ``SubjectKeyIdentifier`` to
:meth:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier.from_issuer_subject_key_identifier`
and deprecate passing an ``Extension`` object. The documentation always
required ``SubjectKeyIdentifier`` but the implementation previously
required an ``Extension``.

.. _v2-6-1:

2.6.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Resolved an error in our build infrastructure that broke our Python3 wheels
for macOS and Linux.

.. _v2-6:

2.6

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Removed
``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.utils.encode_rfc6979_signature``
and
``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.utils.decode_rfc6979_signature``,
which had been deprecated for nearly 4 years. Use
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.utils.encode_dss_signature`
and
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.utils.decode_dss_signature`
instead.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE**: Removed ``cryptography.x509.Certificate.serial``,
which had been deprecated for nearly 3 years. Use
:attr:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.serial_number` instead.
* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.1b.
* Added support for :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ed448` when using
OpenSSL 1.1.1b or newer.
* Added support for :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ed25519` when using
OpenSSL 1.1.1b or newer.
* :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_public_key` can
now load ``ed25519`` public keys.
* Add support for easily mapping an object identifier to its elliptic curve
class via
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.get_curve_for_oid`.
* Add support for OpenSSL when compiled with the ``no-engine``
(``OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE``) flag.

.. _v2-5:

2.5

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** :term:`U-label` strings were deprecated in
version 2.1, but this version removes the default ``idna`` dependency as
well. If you still need this deprecated path please install cryptography
with the ``idna`` extra: ``pip install cryptography[idna]``.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** The minimum supported PyPy version is now 5.4.
* Numerous classes and functions have been updated to allow :term:`bytes-like`
types for keying material and passwords, including symmetric algorithms, AEAD
ciphers, KDFs, loading asymmetric keys, and one time password classes.
* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.1a.
* Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHA512_224`
and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHA512_256` when using
OpenSSL 1.1.1.
* Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHA3_224`,
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHA3_256`,
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHA3_384`, and
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHA3_512` when using OpenSSL
1.1.1.
* Added support for :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x448` when using
OpenSSL 1.1.1.
* Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHAKE128`
and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHAKE256` when using
OpenSSL 1.1.1.
* Added initial support for parsing PKCS12 files with
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12.load_key_and_certificates`.
* Added support for :class:`~cryptography.x509.IssuingDistributionPoint`.
* Added ``rfc4514_string()`` method to
:meth:`x509.Name <cryptography.x509.Name.rfc4514_string>`,
:meth:`x509.RelativeDistinguishedName
<cryptography.x509.RelativeDistinguishedName.rfc4514_string>`, and
:meth:`x509.NameAttribute <cryptography.x509.NameAttribute.rfc4514_string>`
to format the name or component an :rfc:`4514` Distinguished Name string.
* Added
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.from_encoded_point`,
which immediately checks if the point is on the curve and supports compressed
points. Deprecated the previous method
``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.from_encoded_point``.
* Added :attr:`~cryptography.x509.ocsp.OCSPResponse.signature_hash_algorithm`
to ``OCSPResponse``.
* Updated :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x25519` support to allow
additional serialization methods. Calling
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x25519.X25519PublicKey.public_bytes`
with no arguments has been deprecated.
* Added support for encoding compressed and uncompressed points via
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.public_bytes`. Deprecated the previous method
``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.encode_point``.


.. _v2-4-2:

2.4.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.0j.

.. _v2-4-1:

2.4.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed a build breakage in our ``manylinux1`` wheels.

.. _v2-4:

2.4

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for LibreSSL 2.4.x.
* Deprecated OpenSSL 1.0.1 support. OpenSSL 1.0.1 is no longer supported by
the OpenSSL project. At this time there is no time table for dropping
support, however we strongly encourage all users to upgrade or install
``cryptography`` from a wheel.
* Added initial :doc:`OCSP </x509/ocsp>` support.
* Added support for :class:`~cryptography.x509.PrecertPoison`.

.. _v2-3-1:

2.3.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.0i.

.. _v2-3:

2.3

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **SECURITY ISSUE:**
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.AEADDecryptionContext.finalize_with_tag`
allowed tag truncation by default which can allow tag forgery in some cases.
The method now enforces the ``min_tag_length`` provided to the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.GCM` constructor.
*CVE-2018-10903*
* Added support for Python 3.7.
* Added :meth:`~cryptography.fernet.Fernet.extract_timestamp` to get the
authenticated timestamp of a :doc:`Fernet </fernet>` token.
* Support for Python 2.7.x without ``hmac.compare_digest`` has been deprecated.
We will require Python 2.7.7 or higher (or 2.7.6 on Ubuntu) in the next
``cryptography`` release.
* Fixed multiple issues preventing ``cryptography`` from compiling against
LibreSSL 2.7.x.
* Added
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.get_revoked_certificate_by_serial_number`
for quick serial number searches in CRLs.
* The :class:`~cryptography.x509.RelativeDistinguishedName` class now
preserves the order of attributes. Duplicate attributes now raise an error
instead of silently discarding duplicates.
* :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.aes_key_unwrap` and
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.aes_key_unwrap_with_padding`
now raise :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.InvalidUnwrap` if
the wrapped key is an invalid length, instead of ``ValueError``.

.. _v2-2-2:

2.2.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.0h.

.. _v2-2-1:

2.2.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Reverted a change to ``GeneralNames`` which prohibited having zero elements,
due to breakages.
* Fixed a bug in
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.aes_key_unwrap_with_padding`
that caused it to raise ``InvalidUnwrap`` when key length modulo 8 was
zero.


.. _v2-2:

2.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for Python 2.6 has been dropped.
* Resolved a bug in ``HKDF`` that incorrectly constrained output size.
* Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.BrainpoolP256R1`,
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.BrainpoolP384R1`, and
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.BrainpoolP512R1` to
support inter-operating with systems like German smart meters.
* Added token rotation support to :doc:`Fernet </fernet>` with
:meth:`~cryptography.fernet.MultiFernet.rotate`.
* Fixed a memory leak in
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.derive_private_key`.
* Added support for AES key wrapping with padding via
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.aes_key_wrap_with_padding`
and
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.aes_key_unwrap_with_padding`
.
* Allow loading DSA keys with 224 bit ``q``.

.. _v2-1-4:

2.1.4

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Added ``X509_up_ref`` for an upcoming ``pyOpenSSL`` release.

.. _v2-1-3:

2.1.3

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with
OpenSSL 1.1.0g.

.. _v2-1-2:

2.1.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Corrected a bug with the ``manylinux1`` wheels where OpenSSL's stack was
marked executable.

.. _v2-1-1:

2.1.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed support for install with the system ``pip`` on Ubuntu 16.04.

.. _v2-1:

2.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **FINAL DEPRECATION** Python 2.6 support is deprecated, and will be removed
in the next release of ``cryptography``.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** ``Whirlpool``, ``RIPEMD160``, and
``UnsupportedExtension`` have been removed in accordance with our
:doc:`/api-stability` policy.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:**
:attr:`DNSName.value <cryptography.x509.DNSName.value>`,
:attr:`RFC822Name.value <cryptography.x509.RFC822Name.value>`, and
:attr:`UniformResourceIdentifier.value
<cryptography.x509.UniformResourceIdentifier.value>`
will now return an :term:`A-label` string when parsing a certificate
containing an internationalized domain name (IDN) or if the caller passed
a :term:`U-label` to the constructor. See below for additional deprecations
related to this change.
* Installing ``cryptography`` now requires ``pip`` 6 or newer.
* Deprecated passing :term:`U-label` strings to the
:class:`~cryptography.x509.DNSName`,
:class:`~cryptography.x509.UniformResourceIdentifier`, and
:class:`~cryptography.x509.RFC822Name` constructors. Instead, users should
pass values as :term:`A-label` strings with ``idna`` encoding if necessary.
This change will not affect anyone who is not processing internationalized
domains.
* Added support for
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.ChaCha20`. In
most cases users should choose
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.ChaCha20Poly1305`
rather than using this unauthenticated form.
* Added :meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.is_signature_valid`
to :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList`.
* Support :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.BLAKE2b` and
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.BLAKE2s` with
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hmac.HMAC`.
* Added support for
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.XTS` mode for
AES.
* Added support for using labels with
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.OAEP` when using
OpenSSL 1.0.2 or greater.
* Improved compatibility with NSS when issuing certificates from an issuer
that has a subject with non-``UTF8String`` string types.
* Add support for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.DeltaCRLIndicator` extension.
* Add support for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.TLSFeature`
extension. This is commonly used for enabling ``OCSP Must-Staple`` in
certificates.
* Add support for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.FreshestCRL` extension.

.. _v2-0-3:

2.0.3

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed an issue with weak linking symbols when compiling on macOS
versions older than 10.12.


.. _v2-0-2:

2.0.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Marked all symbols as hidden in the ``manylinux1`` wheel to avoid a
bug with symbol resolution in certain scenarios.


.. _v2-0-1:

2.0.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed a compilation bug affecting OpenBSD.
* Altered the ``manylinux1`` wheels to statically link OpenSSL instead of
dynamically linking and bundling the shared object. This should resolve
crashes seen when using ``uwsgi`` or other binaries that link against
OpenSSL independently.
* Fixed the stack level for the ``signer`` and ``verifier`` warnings.


.. _v2-0:

2.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for Python 3.3 has been dropped.
* We now ship ``manylinux1`` wheels linked against OpenSSL 1.1.0f. These wheels
will be automatically used with most Linux distributions if you are running
the latest pip.
* Deprecated the use of ``signer`` on
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateKey`,
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey`,
and
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey`
in favor of ``sign``.
* Deprecated the use of ``verifier`` on
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey`,
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey`,
and
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey`
in favor of ``verify``.
* Added support for parsing
:class:`~cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency.SignedCertificateTimestamp`
objects from X.509 certificate extensions.
* Added support for
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.ChaCha20Poly1305`.
* Added support for
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESCCM`.
* Added
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESGCM`, a "one shot"
API for AES GCM encryption.
* Added support for :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x25519`.
* Added support for serializing and deserializing Diffie-Hellman parameters
with
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_pem_parameters`,
:func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_der_parameters`,
and
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.DHParameters.parameter_bytes`
.
* The ``extensions`` attribute on :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate`,
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest`,
:class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList`, and
:class:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificate` now caches the computed
``Extensions`` object. There should be no performance change, just a
performance improvement for programs accessing the ``extensions`` attribute
multiple times.


.. _v1-9:

1.9

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Elliptic Curve signature verification no longer
returns ``True`` on success. This brings it in line with the interface's
documentation, and our intent. The correct way to use
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.verify`
has always been to check whether or not
:class:`~cryptography.exceptions.InvalidSignature` was raised.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for macOS 10.7 and 10.8.
* **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** The minimum supported PyPy version is now 5.3.
* Python 3.3 support has been deprecated, and will be removed in the next
``cryptography`` release.
* Add support for providing ``tag`` during
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.GCM` finalization via
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.AEADDecryptionContext.finalize_with_tag`.
* Fixed an issue preventing ``cryptography`` from compiling against
LibreSSL 2.5.x.
* Added
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.key_size`
and
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey.key_size`
as convenience methods for determining the bit size of a secret scalar for
the curve.
* Accessing an unrecognized extension marked critical on an X.509 object will
no longer raise an ``UnsupportedExtension`` exception, instead an
:class:`~cryptography.x509.UnrecognizedExtension` object will be returned.
This behavior was based on a poor reading of the RFC, unknown critical
extensions only need to be rejected on certificate verification.
* The CommonCrypto backend has been removed.
* MultiBackend has been removed.
* ``Whirlpool`` and ``RIPEMD160`` have been deprecated.


.. _v1-8-2:

1.8.2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed a compilation bug affecting OpenSSL 1.1.0f.
* Updated Windows and macOS wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.1.0f.


.. _v1-8-1:

1.8.1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Fixed macOS wheels to properly link against 1.1.0 rather than 1.0.2.


.. _v1-8:

1.8

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Added support for Python 3.6.
* Windows and macOS wheels now link against OpenSSL 1.1.0.
* macOS wheels are no longer universal. This change significantly shrinks the
size of the wheels. Users on macOS 32-bit Python (if there are any) should
migrate to 64-bit or build their own packages.
* Changed ASN.1 dependency from ``pyasn1`` to ``asn1crypto`` resulting in a
general performance increase when encoding/decoding ASN.1 structures. Also,
the ``pyasn1_modules`` test dependency is no longer required.
* Added support for
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.CipherContext.update_into` on
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.CipherContext`.
* Added
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.DHPrivateKey.private_bytes`
to
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.DHPrivateKey`.
* Added
:meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.DHPublicKey.public_bytes`
to
:class:`~cryptograph