[CI] Move testing to Ubuntu 24.04 everywhere #3749

Job	Run time
Linux (Self build + no-assertions) / Build + LIT	13m 36s
Linux (Self build + no-assertions) / Build + LIT	7m 17s
build-win / Build + LIT	13m 39s
build-win / Build + LIT	34m 8s
macOS / Build	11m 38s
macOS / Build	11m 38s
e2e-lin	1s
e2e-win	1s
e2e-lin (AMD/HIP, ["Linux", "amdgpu"], ghcr.io/intel/llvm/ubuntu2404_build:latest, -u 1001 --devi... / AMD/HIP	16m 19s
e2e-lin (E2E tests on Intel Ponte Vecchio GPU, ["Linux", "pvc"], {"LIT_FILTER_OUT":"ESIMD/unified... / E2E tests on Intel Ponte Vecchio GPU	4m 49s
e2e-lin (Intel Arc A-Series Graphics with Level Zero, ["Linux", "arc"], --param matrix-xmx8=True ... / Intel Arc A-Series Graphics with Level Zero	12m 27s
e2e-lin (E2E tests with dev igc on Intel Ponte Vecchio GPU, ["Linux", "pvc"], {"LIT_FILTER_OUT":"... / E2E tests with dev igc on Intel Ponte Vecchio GPU	5m 39s
e2e-lin (Perf tests on Intel Arc A-Series Graphics system, ["Linux", "arc"], {"LIT_FILTER":"Perfo... / Perf tests on Intel Arc A-Series Graphics system	1m 34s
e2e-lin (Perf tests on Intel GEN12 Graphics system, ["Linux", "gen12"], {"LIT_FILTER":"Performanc... / Perf tests on Intel GEN12 Graphics system	2m 12s
e2e-lin (Intel GEN12 Graphics with Level Zero, ["Linux", "gen12"], --param gpu-intel-gen12=True, ... / Intel GEN12 Graphics with Level Zero	32m 54s
e2e-win / Intel GEN12 Graphics with Level Zero	27m 37s
	3h 15m 29s

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