[CI] Move testing to Ubuntu 24.04 everywhere #12747

Job	Run time
detect_changes / Decide which tests could be affected by the changes	5s
build / Build + LIT	11m 11s
Decide which Arc tests to run	1s
test-perf	0s
build_e2e_tests / Build e2e tests	6m 32s
test (E2E tests on Intel Arc A-Series Graphics, ["Linux", "arc"], ghcr.io/intel/llvm/ubuntu2404_i... / E2E tests on Intel Arc A-Series Graphics	1m 16s
test (E2E tests with dev igc on Intel Arc A-Series Graphics, ["Linux", "arc"], ghcr.io/intel/llvm... / E2E tests with dev igc on Intel Arc A-Series Graphics	1m 18s
test (NVIDIA/CUDA, ["Linux", "cuda"], ghcr.io/intel/llvm/ubuntu2404_build:latest, -u 1001 --gpus ... / NVIDIA/CUDA	17m 1s
test (AMD/HIP, ["Linux", "amdgpu"], ghcr.io/intel/llvm/ubuntu2404_build:latest, -u 1001 --device=... / AMD/HIP	7m 41s
run_prebuilt_e2e_tests (Intel, ["Linux", "gen12"], ghcr.io/intel/llvm/ubuntu2404_intel_drivers:la... / Intel	6m 54s
	51m 59s

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