Open re-implementation of the Quansheng UV-K5/K6/5R v2.1.27 firmware

This repository is a fork of the Egzumer firmware, which itself is merge of OneOfEleven custom firmware with fagci spectrum analizer, along with my few changes.
All is a cloned and customized version of DualTachyon's open firmware found here ... a cool achievement !

NOTE: This README has only barely been updated from the original Egzumer version. All links still currently point to the original as it is mostly the same.

Caution

Please note that the use of this firmware is entirely at your own risk. There is no assurance that it will function correctly on your radio(s). In the worst case scenario, it may render your radio(s) inoperable (commonly referred to as "bricking"), necessitating the purchase of a replacement. Therefore, exercise caution and consider the potential consequences before proceeding with the installation or use of this firmware.

Important

For first use, I would highly recommend taking (and saving) a backup of your existing radio configuration through the official CHIRP release, using whatever firmware currently flashed.

1. Once you have that, flash this firmware - See Releases
2. Perform a factory reset (hold PTT + SIDE BUTTON 1 while turning on the radio, after 'RELEASE ALL KEYS' navigate to Menu 68 Reset then select ALL) to clear some EEPROM locations that other firmware configures slightly differently
3. Use CHIRP with Aubs UV-K5 CHIRP Driver to read from radio
4. Copy/paste the channels from the backup in CHIRP to the downloaded configuration
5. Turn ScanLists off/on as required
6. Add channels to ScanLists as required
7. Finally upload back to the radio and you should see the model as UV-K5 Aubs

Main differences

• The two ScanLists have been removed and replaced with 10 ScanLists (0-9)
• Channels no longer show which list they are in on the right side of the display
• When scanning, the ScanLists now show along the top of the screen
• Toggling ScanLists on/off is as simple as pressing the number
• Memory channels can now be excluded (Lockout/Skip) from scanning
• Memory channels can now be temporarily excluded while scanning (press * will lock out the channel until a power cycle)
• Scanning can be set to automatically start when the radio is turned on
• All the changes can be managed through CHIRP
• When factory resetting, it will only create ONE new channel instead of the original 5

Usage

Adding a memory channel to one or more lists

1. Switch to the required Memory Channel
2. Press the Menu button
3. Navigate to item 14 ScnAdd
4. Press the Menu button to edit
5. Press the number buttons, 0..9, to add the channel to the respective list
6. Press the Menu button to exit.

Scanning

1. Switch to a Memory Channel (MR not VFO)
2. (as previous) Press and hold the * key to start scanning
3. The ScanLists will now be shown along the top of the screen
   • If a ScanList is disabled, it will show as an underscore (_)
   • If a ScanList is enabled, it will show as an:
     • Asterisk (*) if it is not the active ScanList
     • Number (0-9) if it is the active ScanList
4. Toggle each ScanList by pressing the corresponding number 1..9 (e.g. while scanning, to turn ScanList 1 on, press 1, to turn ScanList 1 off, press 1 again)

Note

• The LED will flash green once when a ScanList is turned on
• The LED will flash red once when a ScanList is turned off
• (as previous) to cancel scanning, press EXIT
• (as previous) when stopped on an active channel, press Menu to stop scanning and stay on the channel
• (as previous) to change direction, press up / down
• If the radio is tuned to a channel and the active ScanList is turned off, the radio will continue scanning

Lockouts

The scanner can be set to permanently exclude (lockout/skip) channels from all lists

1. Switch to a Memory Channel
2. Press the Menu button
3. Navigate to item 15 ScnLkO
4. Press the Menu button to edit
5. Press Up/Down to toggle the lockout
6. Press the Menu button to save The scanner can be set to temporarily exclude (temp lockout/skip) channels from all lists until the next power cycle
7. Make sure the radio is scanning memory channels
8. Press the * key
9. The LED will flash red twice
10. The radio will continue scanning
11. To reset temporary locked out channels, turn the radio off and back on

Scan on start

1. Press the Menu button
2. Navigate to item 16 ScnSrt
3. Press the Menu button to edit
4. Press Up/Down to toggle Scan on Start
5. Press the Menu button to save
6. Turn the radio off and back on:
   • If Scan On Start is ON, the radio will automatically start scanning
   • If Scan On Start is OFF, the radio will not automatically start scanning

Review ScanList Members

1. Press the Menu button
2. Navigate to item 17 SLists
3. Press the Menu button to step into the list
4. Press Up/Down to scroll through all channels
5. Press keys 0..9 to switch between each ScanList
6. Press the Exit button to close

Note

• At the bottom, there's a list of all ScanLists the current channel is in
• To get back to ALL, switch the radio off and back on again

CHIRP

All the above can be set through CHIRP and I highly recommend you use it, as it makes it a lot easier.
I have forked and modifidied Egzumer's CHIRP driver for the UV-K5 to manage the ScanLists, LockOut, and StartOnScan.
Aubs UV-K5 CHIRP Driver

ChangeLog

Version Number	Changes	Date
v00.01	Initial Release	2024-03-16T22:27:38Z
v00.02	Added a TempLockout while scanning, pressing * will lock out the channel until a powercycle, red flash twice and carry on scanning the next channel Moved flashing of LED into the FlashLED function	2024-03-17T02:02:52Z
v00.03	Tidied up the menu by replacing ScanList0..ScanList9 with SLists, switch between each using numbers on the keypad Moved SLists to Menu item 17 A few bits of refractoring to reduce compiled code size	2024-03-20T22:41:24Z
v00.04	Fixed ScanList with no channels Fixed scanning where the last channel in the ScanList is locked out	2024-03-24T22:33:22Z
v00.05	If the radio is tuned to a channel and the active ScanList is turned off, the radio will continue scanning	2024-03-27T22:11:47Z
v00.06	Enabled Keylock function when scanning Moved Keylock padlock over to sit after the ScanLists	2024-04-08T21:32:29Z
v00.07	Fixed bug where deleted channel memory is still being considered in the ScanList range causing it to stick on that ScanList. Raised by @121tech in AubsUK#22	TBC

Photos

Scanning ScanLists 2,3,4,5,6,7, List 2 active



Scanning ScanLists 2,3,4,5,6,7, List 4 active

Menu 14 >> Show ScanLists this channel is a member of



Menu 14 >> Editing the ScanLists this channel is a member of (added 7)



Menu 14 >> Saved the ScanLists this channel is a member of



Menu 15 >> Is this channel locked out of scanning



Menu 16 >> Is Scan on Start enabled or disabled

Menus 17 >> List all channels or for each ScanList



Menus 17 >> Default to list all channels (ScanLists the channel is in at the bottom)

Menus 17 >> Press 1 >> Members of ScanList 1 >> Press Up for next

Menus 17 >> Press 4 >> Members of ScanList 4

Menus 17 >> Press 7 >> Members of ScanList 7

CHIRP Download Menu



CHIRP Memories showing LockOut and ScanLists



CHIRP ScanList Settings

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Tip

There is a work done by others on forks of this repository. I encourage you to take a look at those too. SEE HERE

Warning

Use this firmware at your own risk (entirely). There is absolutely no guarantee that it will work in any way shape or form on your radio(s), it may even brick your radio(s), in which case, you'd need to buy another radio. Anyway, have fun.

Table of Contents

• Main Features
• Manual
• Radio Performance
• User Customization
• Compiler
• Building
• Credits
• Other sources of information
• License
• Example changes/updates

Main features:

• many of OneOfEleven mods:
  • AM fix, huge improvement in reception quality
  • long press buttons functions replicating F+ action
  • fast scanning
  • channel name editing in the menu
  • channel name + frequency display option
  • shortcut for scan-list assignment (long press 5 NOAA)
  • scan-list toggle (long press * Scan while scanning)
  • configurable button function selectable from menu
  • battery percentage/voltage on status bar, selectable from menu
  • longer backlight times
  • mic bar
  • RSSI s-meter
  • more frequency steps
  • squelch more sensitive
• fagci spectrum analyzer (F+5 to turn on)
• some other mods introduced by me:
  • SSB demodulation (adopted from fagci)
  • backlight dimming
  • battery voltage calibration from menu
  • better battery percentage calculation, selectable for 1600mAh or 2200mAh
  • more configurable button functions
  • long press MENU as another configurable button
  • better DCS/CTCSS scanning in the menu (* SCAN while in RX DCS/CTCSS menu item)
  • Piotr022 style s-meter
  • restore initial freq/channel when scanning stopped with EXIT, remember last found transmission with MENU button
  • reordered and renamed menu entries
  • LCD interference crash fix
  • many others...

Manual

Up to date manual is available in the Wiki section

Radio performance

Please note that the Quansheng UV-Kx radios are not professional quality transceivers, their performance is strictly limited. The RX front end has no track-tuned band pass filtering at all, and so are wide band/wide open to any and all signals over a large frequency range.

Using the radio in high intensity RF environments will most likely make reception anything but easy (AM mode will suffer far more than FM ever will), the receiver simply doesn't have a great dynamic range, which results in distorted AM audio with stronger RX'ed signals. There is nothing more anyone can do in firmware/software to improve that, once the RX gain adjustment I do (AM fix) reaches the hardwares limit, your AM RX audio will be all but non-existent (just like Quansheng's firmware). On the other hand, FM RX audio will/should be fine.

But, they are nice toys for the price, fun to play with.

User customization

You can customize the firmware by enabling/disabling various compile options, this allows us to remove certain firmware features in order to make room in the flash for others. You'll find the options at the top of "Makefile" ('0' = disable, '1' = enable) ..

Build option	Description
🧰 STOCK QUANSHENG FEATURES
ENABLE_UART	without this you can't configure radio via PC !
ENABLE_AIRCOPY	easier to just enter frequency with butts
ENABLE_FMRADIO	WBFM VHF broadcast band receiver
ENABLE_NOAA	everything NOAA (only of any use in the USA)
ENABLE_VOICE	want to hear voices ?
ENABLE_VOX
ENABLE_ALARM	TX alarms
ENABLE_TX1750	side key 1750Hz TX tone (older style repeater access)
ENABLE_PWRON_PASSWORD	power-on password stuff
ENABLE_DTMF_CALLING	DTMF calling fuctionality, sending calls, receiving calls, group calls, contacts list etc.
ENABLE_FLASHLIGHT	enable top flashlight LED (on, blink, SOS)
🧰 CUSTOM MODS
ENABLE_BIG_FREQ	big font frequencies (like original QS firmware)
ENABLE_SMALL_BOLD	bold channel name/no. (when name + freq channel display mode)
ENABLE_CUSTOM_MENU_LAYOUT	changes how the menu looks like
ENABLE_KEEP_MEM_NAME	maintain channel name when (re)saving memory channel
ENABLE_WIDE_RX	full 18MHz to 1300MHz RX (though front-end/PA not designed for full range)
ENABLE_TX_WHEN_AM	allow TX (always FM) when RX is set to AM
ENABLE_F_CAL_MENU	enable the radios hidden frequency calibration menu
ENABLE_CTCSS_TAIL_PHASE_SHIFT	standard CTCSS tail phase shift rather than QS's own 55Hz tone method
ENABLE_BOOT_BEEPS	gives user audio feedback on volume knob position at boot-up
ENABLE_SHOW_CHARGE_LEVEL	show the charge level when the radio is on charge
ENABLE_REVERSE_BAT_SYMBOL	mirror the battery symbol on the status bar (+ pole on the right)
ENABLE_NO_CODE_SCAN_TIMEOUT	disable 32-sec CTCSS/DCS scan timeout (press exit butt instead of time-out to end scan)
ENABLE_AM_FIX	dynamically adjust the front end gains when in AM mode to help prevent AM demodulator saturation, ignore the on-screen RSSI level (for now)
ENABLE_AM_FIX_SHOW_DATA	show debug data for the AM fix
ENABLE_SQUELCH_MORE_SENSITIVE	make squelch levels a little bit more sensitive - I plan to let user adjust the values themselves
ENABLE_FASTER_CHANNEL_SCAN	increases the channel scan speed, but the squelch is also made more twitchy
ENABLE_RSSI_BAR	enable a dBm/Sn RSSI bar graph level in place of the little antenna symbols
ENABLE_AUDIO_BAR	experimental, display an audio bar level when TX'ing
ENABLE_COPY_CHAN_TO_VFO	copy current channel settings into frequency mode. Long press 1 BAND when in channel mode
ENABLE_SPECTRUM	fagci spectrum analyzer, activated with F + 5 NOAA
ENABLE_REDUCE_LOW_MID_TX_POWER	makes medium and low power settings even lower
ENABLE_BYP_RAW_DEMODULATORS	additional BYP (bypass?) and RAW demodulation options, proved not to be very useful, but it is there if you want to experiment
ENABLE_BLMIN_TMP_OFF	additional function for configurable buttons that toggles BLMin on and off wihout saving it to the EEPROM
ENABLE_SCAN_RANGES	scan range mode for frequency scanning, see wiki for instructions (radio operation -> frequency scanning)
🧰 DEBUGGING
ENABLE_AM_FIX_SHOW_DATA	displays settings used by AM-fix when AM transmission is received
ENABLE_AGC_SHOW_DATA	displays AGC settings
ENABLE_UART_RW_BK_REGS	adds 2 extra commands that allow to read and write BK4819 registers
🧰 COMPILER/LINKER OPTIONS
ENABLE_CLANG	**experimental, builds with clang instead of gcc (LTO will be disabled if you enable this)
ENABLE_SWD	only needed if using CPU's SWD port (debugging/programming)
ENABLE_OVERLAY	cpu FLASH stuff, not needed
ENABLE_LTO	reduces size of compiled firmware but might break EEPROM reads (OVERLAY will be disabled if you enable this)

Compiler

arm-none-eabi GCC version 10.3.1 is recommended, which is the current version on Ubuntu 22.04.03 LTS. Other versions may generate a flash file that is too big. You can get an appropriate version from: https://developer.arm.com/downloads/-/gnu-rm

clang may be used but isn't fully supported. Resulting binaries may also be bigger. You can get it from: https://releases.llvm.org/download.html

Building

Github Codespace build method

This is the least demanding option as you don't have to install enything on your computer. All you need is Github account.

1. Go to https://github.com/egzumer/uv-k5-firmware-custom
2. Click green Code button
3. Change tab from Local to Codespace
4. Click green Create codespace on main button

5. Open Makefile
6. Edit build options, save Makefile changes
7. Run ./compile-with-docker.sh in terminal window
8. Open folder compiled-firmware
9. Right click firmware.packed.bin
10. Click Download, now you should have a firmware on your computer that you can proceed to flash on your radio. You can use online flasher

Docker build method

If you have docker installed you can use compile-with-docker.bat (Windows) or compile-with-docker.sh (Linux/Mac), the output files are created in compiled-firmware folder. This method gives significantly smaller binaries, I've seen differences up to 1kb, so it can fit more functionalities this way. The challenge can be (or not) installing docker itself.

Windows environment build method

1. Open windows command line and run:

   winget install -e -h git.git Python.Python.3.8 GnuWin32.Make
   winget install -e -h Arm.GnuArmEmbeddedToolchain -v "10 2021.10"
   

2. Close command line, open a new one and run:

   pip install --user --upgrade pip
   pip install crcmod
   mkdir c:\projects & cd /D c:/projects
   git clone https://github.com/egzumer/uv-k5-firmware-custom.git
   

3. From now on you can build the firmware by going to c:\projects\uv-k5-firmware-custom and running win_make.bat or by running a command line:

   cd /D c:\projects\uv-k5-firmware-custom
   win_make.bat
   

4. To reset the repository and pull new changes run (!!! it will delete all your changes !!!):

   cd /D c:\projects\uv-k5-firmware-custom
   git reset --hard & git clean -fd & git pull
   

I've left some notes in the win_make.bat file to maybe help with stuff.

Credits

Many thanks to various people on Telegram for putting up with me during this effort and helping:

• OneOfEleven
• DualTachyon
• Mikhail
• Andrej
• Manuel
• @wagner
• @Lohtse Shar
• @Matoz
• @Davide
• @Ismo OH2FTG
• OneOfEleven
• @d1ced95
• and others I forget

Other sources of information

ludwich66 - Quansheng UV-K5 Wiki
amnemonic - tools and sources of information

License

Copyright 2023 Dual Tachyon https://github.com/DualTachyon

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.

Example changes/updates

Video showing the AM fix working ..

AM_fix.mp4