K 99: Ninety Nine K Problems

K translation of Ninety-Nine Prolog Problems

Problem 1

Find the last element of a list.

Example

  last "abcdef"
"f"

Solution

last : *|:           / reverse, take first
last2: {x@-1+#x}     / index at length-1
last3: {:[1=#x;x;_f 1_ x]}
last4: {-1#x}        / take 1 from end

Problem 2

Find the last but one element of a list.

Example

  butlast "abcdef"
"e"

Solution

butlast : {(|x)@1}
butlast2: {x@-2+#x}
butlast3: {:[2=#x;*x;_f 1_ x]}
butlast4: *-2!

Problem 3

Find the K'th element of a list.

Example

  elementat["abcdef";3]
"c"

Solution

elementat : {x@y-1}
elementat2: {*(y-1)(1_)/x}
elementat2: {:[y=1;*x;_f[1_ x;y-1]]}

Problem 4

Find the number of elements of a list.

Example

  length 1 2 3 4
4

Solution

length : #:
length2: {+/*:'1,'x}

Problem 5

Reverse a list.

Example

  reverse "abcdef"
"fedcba"

Solution

reverse : |:
reverse2: {x@(-1+l)-!l:#x}
reverse3: {:[1=#x;x;_f[1_ x],*x]}

Problem 6

Find out whether a list is a palindrome.

Example

  ispalindrome "aacbcaa"
1

Solution

ispalindrome: {x~|x}

Problem 7

Flatten a nested list structure.

Example

  flatten ((1;2 3);(4;(5;(6;7)));8)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Solution

flatten: ,//

Problem 8

Eliminate consecutive duplicates of list elements.

Example

  compress "aaaabccaadeeee"
"abcade"

Solution

compress : {x@&1,~=':x}
range : ?    / built in operator

Problem 9

Pack consecutive duplicates of list elements into sublists.

Example

  pack "aaaabccaadeeee"
("aaaa"
 ,"b"
 "cc"
 "aa"
 ,"d"
 "eeee")

Solution

pack: {(&1,~=':x)_ x}

Problem 10

Run-length encoding of a list.

Example

  encode "aaaabccaadeeee"
((4;"a")
 (1;"b")
 (2;"c")
 (2;"a")
 (1;"d")
 (4;"e"))

Solution

encode : {(#:;*:)@\:/:pack x}
encode2: {(#:'a),'*:'a:pack x}

Problem 11

Modified run-length encoding.

Example

  encodemod "aaaabccaadeeee"
((4;"a")
 ,"b"
 (2;"c")
 (2;"a")
 ,"d"
 (4;"e"))

Solution

encodemod: {{:[1=l:#x;x;l,?x]}'pack x}

Problem 12

Decode a run-length encoded list.

Example

  decodemod ((4;"a");"b";(2;"c");(2;"a");"d";(4;"e"))
"aaaabccaadeeee"

Solution

decodemod: ,/{:[2=#x;(*x)#x@1;x]}'
decodemod2: ,/#/'

Problem 13

Run-length encoding of a list (direct solution).
Don't explicitly create the sublists containing the duplicates, only count them.

Example

  encodedir "aaaabccaadeeee"
((4;"a")
 ,"b"
 (2;"c")
 (2;"a")
 ,"d"
 (4;"e"))

Solution

encodedir: {(-':a,#x),'x@a:&1,~=':x}

Problem 14

Duplicate the elements of a list.

Example

  dupl "abccd"
"aabbccccdd"

Solution

dupl : ,/2#'
dupl2: ,/{x,x}'

Problem 15

Duplicate the elements of a list a given number of times.

Example

  repl["abccd";3]
"aaabbbccccccddd"

Solution

repl: {,/y#'x}

Problem 16

Drop every N'th element from a list.

Example

  dropevery["abcdefghij";3]
"abdeghj"

Solution

dropevery : {x@&~(#x)#((y-1)#0),1}
dropevery2: {x _di-1+y*1+!(#x)%y}

Problem 17

Split a list into two parts; the length of the first part is given.
Do not use any predefined predicates.

Example

  split["abcdefghij";3]
("abc"
 "defghij")

Solution

split : {(y#x;y _ x)}
split2: {(0,y)_ x}
split3: {(x@!y;x@y+!(#x)-y)}

Problem 18

Extract a slice from a list.

Example

  slice["abcdefghij";3;7]
"cdef"

Solution

slice : {(y-1)_(z-1)#x}
slice2: {x@(y-1)+!z-y}

Problem 19

Rotate a list N places to the left.

Example

  rotate["abcdefghij";3]
"defghijabc"

Solution

rotate : {y!x}
rotate2: {,/(y>0)|:/split[x;y]}

Problem 20

Remove the K'th element from a list.

Example

  removeat["abcdef";3]
("c"
 "abdef")

Solution

removeat : {(x@y;x _di y:y-1)}
removeat2: {(x@i;x@&~x=x@i:y-1)}

Problem 21

Insert an element at a given position into a list.

Example

  insert["abcd";2;"alfa"]
("a"
 "alfa"
 "b"
 "c"
 "d")

Solution

insert : {(l#x),(,z),(l:y-1)_ x}
insert2: {(*s),(,z),,/1_ s:split[x;y]}
insert3: {{x,(,z),y}/split[x;y]}
insert4: {:[y=1;(,z),x;(*x),_f[1_ x;y-1;z]]}

Problem 22

Create a list containing all integers within a given range.

Example

  range[3;7]
3 4 5 6 7
  range[9;3]
9 8 7 6 5 4 3

Solution

range: {x+:[0>y-x;-1;1]*!1+_abs y-x}
range: {:[x>y;|y+!x-y-1;x+!y-x-1]}

Problem 23

Extract a given number of randomly selected elements from a list.

Example

  rndselect["abcdefgh";3]
"bfe"

Solution

  rndselect:{x@y _draw -#x}

Problem 24

Lotto: Draw N different random numbers from the set 1..M.

Example

  lotto[6;49]
12 34 15 31 29 22

Solution

lotto : {(-x)?y}
lotto2: {x _draw -y}

Problem 25

Generate a random permutation of the elements of a list.

Example

  rndperm["abcdef"]
"efbadc"

Solution

rndperm:{x@l _draw -l:#x}

Problem 26

Generate the combinations of K distinct objects chosen from the N elements of a list.

Example

  combin["abcdef";3]
("abc"
 "abd"
 "abe"
 "abf"
 ...
 "def")

Solution

combin: {x@<x:x@{&:'y(?,/(1!)\'1,')/,&x-y}[#x;y]}

Problem 27 (Incomplete)

Group the elements of a set into disjoint subsets.

Example

  list:("aldo";"beat";"carla";"david";"evi";"flip";"gary";"hugo";"ida")
  group[list;3]
(("evi"
  "flip"
  "ida")
 ("evi"
  "flip"
  "gary")
 ...)

Solution

group: {combin[x;]'y}

Problem 28

a)

Sorting a list of lists according to length of sublists.

Example

  lsort[("abc";"de";"fgh";"de";"ijkl";"mn";"o")]
("o"
 "de"
 "de"
 "mn"
 "abc"
 "fgh"
 "ijkl")

Solution

lsort: {x@<#:'x}

b)

Sorting a list of lists according to length frequency of sublists.

Example

  lfsort[("abc";"de";"fgh";"de";"ijkl";"mn";"o")]
("ijkl"
 "o"
 "abc"
 "fgh"
 "de"
 "de"
 "mn")

Solution

lfsort: {x@,/f@<f:=#:'x}

Problem 29 (2.01)

Determine whether a given integer number is prime.

Example

  isprime ' 0 1 2 4 5
0 0 1 0 1

Solution

isprime: {2~#&~x!'!1+x}

Problem 30 (2.02)

Determine the prime factors of a given positive integer.

Example

  primefactors 315
3 3 5 7

Solution

primefactors: {{y%x}':({x>1}{x%*{1_ &~(x!)'!1+x}x}\x)}

Problem 31 (2.03)

Construct a list containing the prime factors and their multiplicity.

Example

  multiplicity 315
(2 3
 1 5
 1 7)

Solution

multiplicity: {encode primefactors x}

Problem 32 (2.04)

Given a range of integers by its lower and upper limit, construct a list of all prime numbers in that range.

Example

  primes[2;25]
2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23

Solution

primes: {x+&isprime'x+!1+y-x}

Problem 33 (2.05)

Goldbach's conjecture says that every positive even number greater than 2 is the sum of two prime numbers. Example: 28 = 5 + 23. It is one of the most famous facts in number theory that has not been proved to be correct in the general case. Find the two prime numbers that sum up to a given even integer.

Example

  goldbach 28
5 23

Solution

ppairs:   {,/t,/:\:t:primes[2;x]}
goldbach: {*t@&{x=+/y}[x]'t:ppairs[x]}

Problem 34 (2.06)

Given a range of integers by its lower and upper limit, print a list of all even numbers and their Goldbach composition.

Example

  goldbachc[9;20]
(10 3 7
 12 5 7
 14 3 11
 16 3 13
 18 5 13
 20 3 17)

Solution

evens:     {2*((x+1)%2)+!(1+y-x)%2}
goldbachc: {{x,goldbach x}'evens[x;y]}

Problem 35 (2.07)

Determine the greatest common divisor of two positive integer numbers.

Example

  gcd[36;63]
9

Solution

gcd: {:[y;_f[y;x!y];x]}

Problem 36 (2.08)

Determine whether two positive integer numbers are coprime. Two numbers are coprime if their greatest common divisor equals 1.

Example

  coprime[35;64]
1
  coprime[35;63]
0

Solution

coprime: {1=gcd[x;y]}

Problem 37 (2.09)

Calculate Euler's totient function phi(m). Euler's so-called totient function phi(m) is defined as the number of positive integers r (1 <= r < m) that are coprime to m.

Example

  phi 10
4

Solution

phi: {+/coprime[x]'!x}

Problem 38 (2.10)

Calculate Euler's totient function phi(m)(2). If the list of the prime factors of a number m is known in the form of problem 2.03 then the function phi(m) can be efficiently calculated as follows: Let [[m1,p1],[m2,p2],[m3,p3],...] be the list of prime factors (and their multiplicities) of a given number m. Then phi(m) can be calculated with the following formula:

phi(m) = (p1 - 1) * p1^(m1 - 1) * (p2 - 1) * p2^(m2 - 1) * (p3 - 1) * p3^(m3 - 1) * ...

Example

  phi2 10
4

Solution

phi2: {*/{(y-1)*y^x-1}.'multiplicity x};

Problem 39 (2.11)

Compare the two methods of calculating Euler's totient function.

Example

  \t phi 10090
806
  \t phi2 10090
7