Implement SearchValue/GetValue

v2/backend.go

@@ -55,6 +55,18 @@ type Backend interface {
 	// wasn't found or another error if any occurred. key won't contain the
 	// namespace prefix.
 	Fetch(ctx context.Context, key string) (any, error)
+
+	// Validate validates the given values and returns the index of the "best"
+	// value or an error and -1 if all values are invalid. If the method is used
+	// with a single value, it will return 0 and no error if it is valid or an
+	// error and -1 if it is invalid. For multiple values, it will select the
+	// "best" value based on user-defined logic and return its index in the
+	// original values list. If we receive a request for /ipns/$binary_id, the
+	// key parameter will be set to $binary_id. Decisions about which value is
+	// the "best" from the given list must be stable. So if there are multiple
+	// equally good values, the implementation must always return the same
+	// index - for example, always the first good or last good value.
+	Validate(ctx context.Context, key string, values ...any) (int, error)
 }
 
 // NewBackendIPNS initializes a new backend for the "ipns" namespace that can

v2/backend_provider.go

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package dht
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"path"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -226,13 +226,50 @@ func (p *ProvidersBackend) Fetch(ctx context.Context, key string) (any, error) {
 		out.addProvider(addrInfo, rec.expiry)
 	}
 
-	if len(out.providers) > 0 {
+	if len(out.providers) == 0 {
+		return nil, ds.ErrNotFound
+	} else {
 		p.cache.Add(qKey.String(), *out)
 	}
 
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+// Validate verifies that the given values are of type [peer.AddrInfo]. Then it
+// decides based on the number of attached multi addresses which value is
+// "better" than the other. If there is a tie, Validate will return the index
+// of the earliest occurrence.
+func (p *ProvidersBackend) Validate(ctx context.Context, key string, values ...any) (int, error) {
+	// short circuit if it's just a single value
+	if len(values) == 1 {
+		_, ok := values[0].(peer.AddrInfo)
+		if !ok {
+			return -1, fmt.Errorf("invalid type %T", values[0])
+		}
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	bestIdx := -1
+	for i, value := range values {
+		addrInfo, ok := value.(peer.AddrInfo)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if bestIdx == -1 {
+			bestIdx = i
+		} else if len(values[bestIdx].(peer.AddrInfo).Addrs) < len(addrInfo.Addrs) {
+			bestIdx = i
+		}
+	}
+
+	if bestIdx == -1 {
+		return -1, fmt.Errorf("no value of correct type")
+	}
+
+	return bestIdx, nil
+}
+
 // Close is here to implement the [io.Closer] interface. This will get called
 // when the [DHT] "shuts down"/closes.
 func (p *ProvidersBackend) Close() error {
@@ -431,5 +468,16 @@ func newDatastoreKey(namespace string, binStrs ...string) ds.Key {
 	for i, bin := range binStrs {
 		elems[i+1] = base32.RawStdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(bin))
 	}
-	return ds.NewKey("/" + path.Join(elems...))
+
+	return ds.NewKey("/" + strings.Join(elems, "/"))
+}
+
+// newRoutingKey uses the given namespace and binary string key and constructs
+// a new string of the format: /$namespace/$binStr
+func newRoutingKey(namespace string, binStr string) string {
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 2+len(namespace)+len(binStr))
+	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(buf)
+	buffer.WriteString("/" + namespace + "/")
+	buffer.Write([]byte(binStr))
+	return buffer.String()
 }

v2/backend_provider_test.go

@@ -10,9 +10,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/benbjohnson/clock"
 	ds "github.com/ipfs/go-datastore"
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p"
+	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/peer"
+	"github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/slog"
+
+	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/v2/internal/kadtest"
 )
 
 var devnull = slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil))
@@ -115,3 +119,62 @@ func TestProvidersBackend_GarbageCollection_lifecycle_thread_safe(t *testing.T)
 	assert.Nil(t, b.gcCancel)
 	assert.Nil(t, b.gcDone)
 }
+
+func TestProvidersBackend_Validate(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := kadtest.CtxShort(t)
+
+	b := newBackendProvider(t, nil)
+
+	pid := newPeerID(t)
+	peer1 := peer.AddrInfo{ID: pid, Addrs: make([]multiaddr.Multiaddr, 0)}
+	peer2 := peer.AddrInfo{ID: pid, Addrs: make([]multiaddr.Multiaddr, 1)}
+	peer3 := peer.AddrInfo{ID: pid, Addrs: make([]multiaddr.Multiaddr, 2)}
+
+	t.Run("no values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key")
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, -1, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nil value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", nil)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, -1, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nil values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", nil, nil)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, -1, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("single valid value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", peer1)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("increasing better values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", peer1, peer2, peer3)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("mixed better values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", peer1, peer3, peer2)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("mixed invalid values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", peer1, nil, peer2, nil)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("identically good values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", peer1, peer1)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, idx)
+	})
+}

v2/backend_record.go

@@ -131,6 +131,57 @@
 	return rec, nil
 }
 
+func (r *RecordBackend) Validate(ctx context.Context, key string, values ...any) (int, error) {
+	k := newRoutingKey(r.namespace, key)
+
+	// short circuit if it's just a single value
+	if len(values) == 1 {
+		data, ok := values[0].([]byte)
+		if !ok {
+			return -1, fmt.Errorf("value not byte slice")
+		}
+
+		if err := r.validator.Validate(k, data); err != nil {
+			return -1, err
+		}
+
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	// In case there are invalid values in the slice, we still want to return
+	// the index in the original list of values. The Select method below will
+	// return the index of the "best" value in the slice of valid values. This
+	// slice can have a different length and therefore that method will return
+	// an index that doesn't match the values slice that's passed into this
+	// method. origIdx stores the original index
+	origIdx := map[int]int{}
+	validValues := [][]byte{}
+	for i, value := range values {
+		data, ok := value.([]byte)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if err := r.validator.Validate(k, data); err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		origIdx[len(validValues)] = i
+		validValues = append(validValues, data)
+	}
+
+	if len(validValues) == 0 {
+		return -1, fmt.Errorf("no valid values")
+	}
+
+	sel, err := r.validator.Select(k, validValues)
+	if err != nil {
+		return -1, err
+	}
+
+	return origIdx[sel], nil
+}
+
 // shouldReplaceExistingRecord returns true if the given record should replace any
 // existing one in the local datastore. It queries the datastore, unmarshalls
 // the record, validates it, and compares it to the incoming record. If the

v2/backend_record_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+package dht
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	record "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-record"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/v2/internal/kadtest"
+)
+
+// testValidator is a validator that considers all values valid that have a
+// "valid-" prefix. Then the suffix will determine which value is better. For
+// example, "valid-2" is better than "valid-1".
+type testValidator struct{}
+
+var _ record.Validator = (*testValidator)(nil)
+
+func (t testValidator) Validate(key string, value []byte) error {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(string(value), "valid-") {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("invalid value")
+}
+
+func (t testValidator) Select(key string, values [][]byte) (int, error) {
+	idx := -1
+	best := -1
+	for i, val := range values {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(string(val), "valid-") {
+			continue
+		}
+		newBest, err := strconv.Atoi(string(val)[6:])
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if newBest > best {
+			idx = i
+			best = newBest
+		}
+	}
+
+	if idx == -1 {
+		return idx, fmt.Errorf("no valid value")
+	}
+
+	return idx, nil
+}
+
+func TestRecordBackend_Validate(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := kadtest.CtxShort(t)
+
+	b := &RecordBackend{
+		namespace: "test",
+		validator: &testValidator{},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("no values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key")
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, -1, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nil value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", nil)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, -1, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nil values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", nil, nil)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, -1, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("single valid value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", []byte("valid-0"))
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("increasing better values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", []byte("valid-0"), []byte("valid-1"), []byte("valid-2"))
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("mixed better values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", []byte("valid-0"), []byte("valid-2"), []byte("valid-1"))
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("mixed invalid values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", []byte("valid-0"), []byte("invalid"), []byte("valid-2"), []byte("invalid"))
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("only invalid values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", []byte("invalid"), nil)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, -1, idx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("identically good values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		idx, err := b.Validate(ctx, "some-key", []byte("valid-0"), []byte("valid-0"))
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, idx)
+	})
+}

v2/backend_trace.go

@@ -57,6 +57,21 @@ func (t *tracedBackend) Fetch(ctx context.Context, key string) (any, error) {
 	return result, err
 }
 
+func (t *tracedBackend) Validate(ctx context.Context, key string, values ...any) (int, error) {
+	ctx, span := t.tracer.Start(ctx, "Validate", t.traceAttributes(key))
+	defer span.End()
+
+	idx, err := t.backend.Validate(ctx, key, values...)
+	if err != nil {
+		span.RecordError(err)
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+	} else {
+		span.SetAttributes(attribute.Int("idx", idx))
+	}
+
+	return idx, err
+}
+
 // traceAttributes is a helper to build the trace attributes.
 func (t *tracedBackend) traceAttributes(key string) trace.SpanStartEventOption {
 	return trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("namespace", t.namespace), attribute.String("key", key))