Skip to content

matAtWork/ajv

BranchesTags
 
 

Repository files navigation

ajv - Another JSON Schema Validator

Currently the fastest JSON Schema validator for node.js and browser.

It uses doT templates to generate super-fast validating functions.

Build Status npm version Code Climate Coverage Status

NB: Changes in version 3.0.0.

Features

Currently ajv is the only validator that passes all the tests from JSON Schema Test Suite (according to json-schema-benchmark, apart from the test that requires that 1.0 is not an integer that is impossible to satisfy in JavaScript).

Performance

ajv generates code to turn JSON schemas into javascript functions that are efficient for v8 optimization.

Currently ajv is the fastest validator according to these benchmarks:

Install

npm install ajv

Usage

Try it in the node REPL: https://tonicdev.com/npm/ajv

The fastest validation call:

var Ajv = require('ajv');
var ajv = Ajv(); // options can be passed, e.g. {allErrors: true}
var validate = ajv.compile(schema);
var valid = validate(data);
if (!valid) console.log(validate.errors);

or with less code

// ...
var valid = ajv.validate(schema, data);
if (!valid) console.log(ajv.errors);
// ...

or

// ...
ajv.addSchema(schema, 'mySchema');
var valid = ajv.validate('mySchema', data);
if (!valid) console.log(ajv.errorsText());
// ...

See API and Options for more details.

ajv compiles schemas to functions and caches them in all cases (using schema stringified with json-stable-stringify as a key), so that the next time the same schema is used (not necessarily the same object instance) it won't be compiled again.

The best performance is achieved when using compiled functions returned by compile or getSchema methods (there is no additional function call).

Please note: every time validation function or ajv.validate are called errors property is overwritten. You need to copy errors array reference to another variable if you want to use it later (e.g., in the callback). See Validation errors

Using in browser

You can require ajv directly from the code you browserify - in this case ajv will be a part of your bundle.

If you need to use ajv in several bundles you can create a separate UMD bundle using npm run bundle script (thanks to siddo420).

Then you need to load ajv in the browser:

<script src="ajv.min.js"></script>

This bundle can be used with different module systems or creates global Ajv if no module system is found.

The browser bundle is available on cdnjs.

Ajv was tested with these browsers:

Sauce Test Status

Formats

The following formats are supported for string validation with "format" keyword:

  • date: full-date according to RFC3339.
  • time: time with optional time-zone.
  • date-time: date-time from the same source (time-zone is mandatory). date, time and date-time validate ranges in full mode and only regexp in fast mode (see options).
  • uri: full uri with optional protocol.
  • email: email address.
  • hostname: host name acording to RFC1034.
  • ipv4: IP address v4.
  • ipv6: IP address v6.
  • regex: tests whether a string is a valid regular expression by passing it to RegExp constructor.
  • uuid: Universally Unique IDentifier according to RFC4122.
  • json-pointer: JSON-pointer according to RFC6901.
  • relative-json-pointer: relative JSON-pointer according to this draft.

There are two modes of format validation: fast and full. This mode affects formats date, time, date-time, uri, email, and hostname. See Options for details.

You can add additional formats and replace any of the formats above using addFormat method.

You can find patterns used for format validation and the sources that were used in formats.js.

$data reference

With v5 option you can use values from the validated data as the values for the schema keywords. See v5 proposal for more information about how it works.

$data reference is supported in the keywords: constant, enum, format, maximum/minimum, exclusiveMaximum / exclusiveMinimum, maxLength / minLength, maxItems / minItems, maxProperties / minProperties, formatMaximum / formatMinimum, exclusiveFormatMaximum / exclusiveFormatMinimum, multipleOf, pattern, required, uniqueItems.

The value of "$data" should be a relative JSON-pointer.

Examples.

This schema requires that the value in property smaller is less or equal than the value in the property larger:

var schema = {
  "properties": {
    "smaller": {
      "type": number,
      "maximum": { "$data": "1/larger" }
    },
    "larger": { "type": number }
  }
};

var validData = {
  smaller: 5,
  larger: 7
};

This schema requires that the properties have the same format as their field names:

var schema = {
  "additionalProperties": {
    "type": "string",
    "format": { "$data": "0#" }
  }
};

var validData = {
  'date-time': '1963-06-19T08:30:06.283185Z',
  email: '[email protected]'
}

$data reference is resolved safely - it won't throw even if some property is undefined. If $data resolves to undefined the validation succeeds (with the exclusion of constant keyword). If $data resolves to incorrect type (e.g. not "number" for maximum keyword) the validation fails.

Defining custom keywords

Starting from version 2.0.0 ajv supports custom keyword definitions.

The advantages of using custom keywords are:

  • allow creating validation scenarios that cannot be expressed using JSON-Schema
  • simplify your schemas
  • help bringing a bigger part of the validation logic to your schemas
  • make your schemas more expressive, less verbose and closer to your application domain.

The concerns you have to be aware of when extending JSON-schema standard with custom keywords are the portability and understanding of your schemas. You will have to support these custom keywords on other platforms and to properly document these keywords so that everybody can understand them in your schemas.

You can define custom keywords with addKeyword method. Keywords are defined on the ajv instance level - new instances will not have previously defined keywords.

Ajv allows defining keywords with:

  • validation function
  • compilation function
  • macro function
  • inline compilation function that should return code (as string) that will be inlined in the currently compiled schema.

Example. range and exclusiveRange keywords using compiled schema:

ajv.addKeyword('range', { type: 'number', compile: function (sch, parentSchema) {
  var min = sch[0];
  var max = sch[1];

  return parentSchema.exclusiveRange === true
          ? function (data) { return data > min && data < max; }
          : function (data) { return data >= min && data <= max; }
} });

var schema = { "range": [2, 4], "exclusiveRange": true };
var validate = ajv.compile(schema);
console.log(validate(2.01)); // true
console.log(validate(3.99)); // true
console.log(validate(2)); // false
console.log(validate(4)); // false

See Defining custom keywords for details.

Asynchronous compilation

During asynchronous compilation remote references are loaded using supplied function. See compileAsync method and loadSchema option.

Example:

var ajv = Ajv({ loadSchema: loadSchema });

ajv.compileAsync(schema, function (err, validate) {
	if (err) return;
	var valid = validate(data);
});

function loadSchema(uri, callback) {
	request.json(uri, function(err, res, body) {
		if (err || res.statusCode >= 400)
			callback(err || new Error('Loading error: ' + res.statusCode));
		else
			callback(null, body);
	});
}

Please note: Option missingRefs should NOT be set to "ignore" or "fail" for asynchronous compilation to work.

Filtering data

With option removeAdditional (added by andyscott) you can filter data during the validation.

This option modifies original data.

Example:

var ajv = Ajv({ removeAdditional: true });
var schema = {
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "properties": {
    "foo": { "type": "number" },
    "bar": {
      "additionalProperties": { "type": "number" },
      "properties": {
        "baz": { "type": "string" }
      }
    }
  }
}

var data = {
  "foo": 0,
  "additional1": 1, // will be removed; `additionalProperties` == false
  "bar": {
    "baz": "abc",
    "additional2": 2 // will NOT be removed; `additionalProperties` != false
  },
}

var validate = ajv.compile(schema);

console.log(validate(data)); // true
console.log(data); // { "foo": 0, "bar": { "baz": "abc", "additional2": 2 }

If removeAdditional option in the example above were "all" then both additional1 and additional2 properties would have been removed.

If the option were "failing" then property additional1 would have been removed regardless of its value and property additional2 would have been removed only if its value were failing the schema in the inner additionalProperties (so in the example above it would have stayed because it passes the schema, but any non-number would have been removed).

Assigning defaults

With option useDefaults Ajv will assign values from default keyword in the schemas of properties and items (when it is the array of schemas) to the missing properties and items.

This option modifies original data.

Example 1 (default in properties):

var ajv = Ajv({ useDefaults: true });
var schema = {
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "foo": { "type": "number" },
    "bar": { "type": "string", "default": "baz" }
  },
  "required": [ "foo", "bar" ]
};

var data = { "foo": 1 };

var validate = ajv.compile(schema);

console.log(validate(data)); // true
console.log(data); // { "foo": 1, "bar": "baz" }

Example 2 (default in items):

var schema = {
  "type": "array",
  "items": [
    { "type": "number" },
    { "type": "string", "default": "foo" }
  ]
}

var data = [ 1 ];

var validate = ajv.compile(schema);

console.log(validate(data)); // true
console.log(data); // [ 1, "foo" ]

default keywords in other cases are ignored:

  • not in properties or items subschemas
  • in schemas inside anyOf, oneOf and not (see #42)
  • in if subschema of v5 switch keyword
  • in schemas generated by custom macro keywords

Coercing data types

When you are validating user inputs all your data properties are usually strings. The option coerceTypes allows you to have your data types coerced to the types specified in your schema type keywords, both to pass the validation and to use the correctly typed data afterwards.

This option modifies original data.

Please note, that if you pass a scalar value to the validating function its type will be coerced and it will pass the validation, but the value of the variable you pass won't be updated because scalars are passed by value.

Example:

var ajv = Ajv({ coerceTypes: true });
var schema = {
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "foo": { "type": "number" },
    "bar": { "type": "boolean" }
  },
  "required": [ "foo", "bar" ]
};

var data = { "foo": "1", "bar": "false" };

var validate = ajv.compile(schema);

console.log(validate(data)); // true
console.log(data); // { "foo": 1, "bar": false }

The coercion rules, as you can see from the example, are different from JavaScript both to validate user input as expected and to have the coercion reversible (to correctly validate cases where different types are defined in subschemas of "anyOf" and other compound keywords).

See Coercion rules for details.

API

Ajv(Object options) -> Object

Create ajv instance.

All the instance methods below are bound to the instance, so they can be used without the instance.

.compile(Object schema) -> Function<Object data>

Generate validating function and cache the compiled schema for future use.

Validating function returns boolean and has properties errors with the errors from the last validation (null if there were no errors) and schema with the reference to the original schema.

Unless the option validateSchema is false, the schema will be validated against meta-schema and if schema is invalid the error will be thrown. See options.

.compileAsync(Object schema, Function callback)

Asyncronous version of compile method that loads missing remote schemas using asynchronous function in options.loadSchema. Callback will always be called with 2 parameters: error (or null) and validating function. Error will be not null in the following cases:

  • missing schema can't be loaded (loadSchema calls callback with error).
  • the schema containing missing reference is loaded, but the reference cannot be resolved.
  • schema (or some referenced schema) is invalid.

The function compiles schema and loads the first missing schema multiple times, until all missing schemas are loaded.

See example in Asynchronous compilation.

.validate(Object schema|String key|String ref, data) -> Boolean

Validate data using passed schema (it will be compiled and cached).

Instead of the schema you can use the key that was previously passed to addSchema, the schema id if it was present in the schema or any previously resolved reference.

Validation errors will be available in the errors property of ajv instance (null if there were no errors).

Please note: every time this method is called the errors are overwritten so you need to copy them to another variable if you want to use them later.

.addSchema(Array<Object>|Object schema [, String key])

Add schema(s) to validator instance. From version 1.0.0 this method does not compile schemas (but it still validates them). Because of that change, dependencies can be added in any order and circular dependencies are supported. It also prevents unnecessary compilation of schemas that are containers for other schemas but not used as a whole.

Array of schemas can be passed (schemas should have ids), the second parameter will be ignored.

Key can be passed that can be used to reference the schema and will be used as the schema id if there is no id inside the schema. If the key is not passed, the schema id will be used as the key.

Once the schema is added, it (and all the references inside it) can be referenced in other schemas and used to validate data.

Although addSchema does not compile schemas, explicit compilation is not required - the schema will be compiled when it is used first time.

By default the schema is validated against meta-schema before it is added, and if the schema does not pass validation the exception is thrown. This behaviour is controlled by validateSchema option.

.addMetaSchema(Object schema [, String key])

Adds meta schema that can be used to validate other schemas. That function should be used instead of addSchema because there may be instance options that would compile a meta schema incorrectly (at the moment it is removeAdditional option).

There is no need to explicitly add draft 4 meta schema (http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema and http://json-schema.org/schema) - it is added by default, unless option meta is set to false. You only need to use it if you have a changed meta-schema that you want to use to validate your schemas. See validateSchema.

With option v5: true meta-schema that includes v5 keywords also added.

.validateSchema(Object schema) -> Boolean

Validates schema. This method should be used to validate schemas rather than validate due to the inconsistency of uri format in JSON-Schema standart.

By default this method is called automatically when the schema is added, so you rarely need to use it directly.

If schema doesn't have $schema property it is validated against draft 4 meta-schema (option meta should not be false) or against v5 meta-schema if option v5 is true.

If schema has $schema property then the schema with this id (that should be previously added) is used to validate passed schema.

Errors will be available at ajv.errors.

.getSchema(String key) -> Function<Object data>

Retrieve compiled schema previously added with addSchema by the key passed to addSchema or by its full reference (id). Returned validating function has schema property with the reference to the original schema.

.removeSchema(Object schema|String key|String ref)

Remove added/cached schema. Even if schema is referenced by other schemas it can be safely removed as dependent schemas have local references.

Schema can be removed using key passed to addSchema, it's full reference (id) or using actual schema object that will be stable-stringified to remove schema from cache.

.addFormat(String name, String|RegExp|Function|Object format)

Add custom format to validate strings. It can also be used to replace pre-defined formats for ajv instance.

Strings are converted to RegExp.

Function should return validation result as true or false.

If object is passed it should have properties validate and compare. validate can be a string, RegExp or a function as described above. compare is a comparison function that accepts two strings and compares them according to the format meaning. This function is used with keywords formatMaximum/formatMinimum (from v5 proposals - v5 option should be used). It should return 1 if the first value is bigger than the second value, -1 if it is smaller and 0 if it is equal.

Custom formats can be also added via formats option.

.addKeyword(String keyword, Object definition)

Add custom validation keyword to ajv instance.

Keyword should be a valid JavaScript identifier.

Keyword should be different from all standard JSON schema keywords and different from previously defined keywords. There is no way to redefine keywords or to remove keyword definition from the instance.

Keyword definition is an object with the following properties:

  • type: optional string or array of strings with data type(s) that the keyword applies to. If not present, the keyword will apply to all types.
  • validate: validating function
  • compile: compiling function
  • macro: macro function
  • inline: compiling function that returns code (as string)

validate, compile, macro and inline are mutually exclusive, only one should be used at a time.

Please note: If the keyword is validating data type that is different from the type(s) in its definition, the validation function will not be called (and expanded macro will not be used), so there is no need to check for data type inside validation function or inside schema returned by macro function (unless you want to enforce a specific type and for some reason do not want to use a separate type keyword for that). In the same way as standard keywords work, if the keyword does not apply to the data type being validated, the validation of this keyword will succeed.

See Defining custom keywords for more details.

.errorsText([Array<Object> errors [, Object options]]) -> String

Returns the text with all errors in a String.

Options can have properties separator (string used to separate errors, ", " by default) and dataVar (the variable name that dataPaths are prefixed with, "data" by default).

Options

Defaults:

{
  allErrors:        false,
  removeAdditional: false,
  useDefaults:      false,
  coerceTypes:      false,
  verbose:          false,
  format:           'fast',
  formats:          {},
  schemas:          {},
  meta:             true,
  validateSchema:   true,
  addUsedSchema:    true,
  inlineRefs:       true,
  loopRequired:     Infinity,
  multipleOfPrecision: false,
  missingRefs:      true,
  loadSchema:       undefined, // function(uri, cb) { /* ... */ cb(err, schema); },
  uniqueItems:      true,
  unicode:          true,
  beautify:         false,
  cache:            new Cache,
  errorDataPath:    'object',
  jsonPointers:     false,
  messages:         true,
  v5:               false
}
  • allErrors: check all rules collecting all errors. Default is to return after the first error.
  • removeAdditional: remove additional properties - see example in Filtering data. This option is not used if schema is added with addMetaSchema method. Option values:
    • false (default) - not to remove additional properties
    • "all" - all additional properties are removed, regardless of additionalProperties keyword in schema (and no validation is made for them).
    • true - only additional properties with additionalProperties keyword equal to false are removed.
    • "failing" - additional properties that fail schema validation will be removed (where additionalProperties keyword is false or schema).
  • useDefaults: replace missing properties and items with the values from corresponding defaults keywords. Default behaviour is to ignore default keywords. This option is not used if schema is added with addMetaSchema method. See example in Assigning defaults.
  • coerceTypes: change data type of data to match type keyword. See the example in Coercing data types and coercion rules.
  • verbose: include the reference to the part of the schema (schema and parentSchema) and validated data in errors (false by default).
  • format: formats validation mode ('fast' by default). Pass 'full' for more correct and slow validation or false not to validate formats at all. E.g., 25:00:00 and 2015/14/33 will be invalid time and date in 'full' mode but it will be valid in 'fast' mode.
  • formats: an object with custom formats. Keys and values will be passed to addFormat method.
  • schemas: an array or object of schemas that will be added to the instance. If the order is important, pass array. In this case schemas must have IDs in them. Otherwise the object can be passed - addSchema(value, key) will be called for each schema in this object.
  • meta: add meta-schema so it can be used by other schemas (true by default).
  • validateSchema: validate added/compiled schemas against meta-schema (true by default). $schema property in the schema can either be http://json-schema.org/schema or http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema or absent (draft-4 meta-schema will be used) or can be a reference to the schema previously added with addMetaSchema method. Option values:
    • true (default) - if the validation fails, throw the exception.
    • "log" - if the validation fails, log error.
    • false - skip schema validation.
  • addUsedSchema: by default methods compile and validate add schemas to the instance if they have id property that doesn't start with "#". If id is present and it is not unique the exception will be thrown. Set this option to false to skip adding schemas to the instance and the id uniqueness check when these methods are used. This option does not affect addSchema method.
  • inlineRefs: Affects compilation of referenced schemas. Option values:
    • true (default) - the referenced schemas that don't have refs in them are inlined, regardless of their size - that substantially improves performance at the cost of the bigger size of compiled schema functions.
    • false - to not inline referenced schemas (they will be compiled as separate functions).
    • integer number - to limit the maximum number of keywords of the schema that will be inlined.
  • loopRequired: by default required keyword is compiled into a single expression (or a sequence of statements in allErrors mode). In case of a very large number of properties in this keyword it may result in a very big validation function. Pass integer to set the number of properties above which required keyword will be validated in a loop - smaller validation function size but also worse performance.
  • multipleOfPrecision: by default multipleOf keyword is validated by comparing the result of division with parseInt() of that result. It works for dividers that are bigger than 1. For small dividers such as 0.01 the result of the division is usually not integer (even when it should be integer, see issue #84). If you need to use fractional dividers set this option to some positive integer N to have multipleOf validated using this formula: Math.abs(Math.round(division) - division) < 1e-N (it is slower but allows for float arithmetics deviations).
  • missingRefs: handling of missing referenced schemas. Option values:
    • true (default) - if the reference cannot be resolved during compilation the exception is thrown. The thrown error has properties missingRef (with hash fragment) and missingSchema (without it). Both properties are resolved relative to the current base id (usually schema id, unless it was substituted).
    • "ignore" - to log error during compilation and always pass validation.
    • "fail" - to log error and successfully compile schema but fail validation if this rule is checked.
  • loadSchema: asynchronous function that will be used to load remote schemas when the method compileAsync is used and some reference is missing (option missingRefs should NOT be 'fail' or 'ignore'). This function should accept 2 parameters: remote schema uri and node-style callback. See example in Asynchronous compilation.
  • uniqueItems: validate uniqueItems keyword (true by default).
  • unicode: calculate correct length of strings with unicode pairs (true by default). Pass false to use .length of strings that is faster, but gives "incorrect" lengths of strings with unicode pairs - each unicode pair is counted as two characters.
  • beautify: format the generated function with js-beautify (the validating function is generated without line-breaks). npm install js-beautify to use this option. true or js-beautify options can be passed.
  • cache: an optional instance of cache to store compiled schemas using stable-stringified schema as a key. For example, set-associative cache sacjs can be used. If not passed then a simple hash is used which is good enough for the common use case (a limited number of statically defined schemas). Cache should have methods put(key, value), get(key) and del(key).
  • errorDataPath: set dataPath to point to 'object' (default) or to 'property' (default behavior in versions before 2.0) when validating keywords required, additionalProperties and dependencies.
  • jsonPointers: set dataPath propery of errors using JSON Pointers instead of JavaScript property access notation.
  • messages: Include human-readable messages in errors. true by default. false can be passed when custom messages are used (e.g. with ajv-i18n).
  • v5: add keywords switch, constant, contains, patternGroups, formatMaximum / formatMinimum and exclusiveFormatMaximum / exclusiveFormatMinimum from JSON-schema v5 proposals. With this option added schemas without $schema property are validated against v5 meta-schema. false by default.

Validation errors

In case of validation failure Ajv assigns the array of errors to .errors property of validation function (or to .errors property of ajv instance in case validate or validateSchema methods were called).

Error objects

Each error is an object with the following properties:

  • keyword: validation keyword.
  • dataPath: the path to the part of the data that was validated. By default dataPath uses JavaScript property access notation (e.g., ".prop[1].subProp"). When the option jsonPointers is true (see Options) dataPath will be set using JSON pointer standard (e.g., "/prop/1/subProp").
  • schemaPath: the path (JSON-pointer as a URI fragment) to the schema of the keyword that failed validation.
  • params: the object with the additional information about error that can be used to create custom error messages (e.g., using ajv-i18n package). See below for parameters set by all keywords.
  • message: the standard error message (can be excluded with option messages set to false).
  • schema: the schema of the keyword (added with verbose option).
  • parentSchema: the schema containing the keyword (added with verbose option)
  • data: the data validated by the keyword (added with verbose option).

Error parameters

Properties of params object in errors depend on the keyword that failed validation.

  • maxItems, minItems, maxLength, minLength, maxProperties, minProperties - property limit (number, the schema of the keyword).
  • additionalItems - property limit (the maximum number of allowed items in case when items keyword is an array of schemas and additionalItems is false).
  • additionalProperties - property additionalProperty (the property not used in properties and patternProperties keywords).
  • patternGroups (with v5 option) - properties:
    • pattern
    • reason ("minimum"/"maximum"),
    • limit (max/min allowed number of properties matching number)
  • dependencies - properties:
    • property (dependent property),
    • missingProperty (required missing dependency - only the first one is reported currently)
    • deps (required dependencies, comma separated list as a string),
    • depsCount (the number of required dependedncies).
  • format - property format (the schema of the keyword).
  • maximum, minimum - properties:
    • limit (number, the schema of the keyword),
    • exclusive (boolean, the schema of exclusiveMaximum or exclusiveMinimum),
    • comparison (string, comparison operation to compare the data to the limit, with the data on the left and the limit on the right; can be "<", "<=", ">", ">=")
  • multipleOf - property multipleOf (the schema of the keyword)
  • pattern - property pattern (the schema of the keyword)
  • required - property missingProperty (required property that is missing).
  • type - property type (required type(s), a string, can be a comma-separated list)
  • uniqueItems - properties i and j (indices of duplicate items).
  • $ref - property ref with the referenced schema URI.
  • custom keywords (in case keyword definition doesn't create errors) - property keyword (the keyword name).

Command line interface

Simple JSON-schema validation can be done from command line using ajv-cli package. At the moment it does not support referenced schemas.

Tests

npm install
git submodule update --init
npm test

Contributing

All validation functions are generated using doT templates in dot folder. Templates are precompiled so doT is not a run-time dependency.

npm run build - compiles templates to dotjs folder.

npm run watch - automatically compiles templates when files in dot folder change

Changes history

See https://github.com/epoberezkin/ajv/releases

License

MIT

About

The fastest JSON schema Validator

Resources

Readme

License

MIT license
Activity

Stars

0 stars

Watchers

2 watching

Forks

0 forks
Report repository

Releases

54 tags

Packages

No packages published

Languages

  • JavaScript 99.9%
  • Shell 0.1%