Text-Watermark

Survey of watermarking for natural language texts

• 2001 Natural Language Watermarking- Design, Analysis, and a Proof-of-Concept Implementation (Mikhail J. Atallah) Purdue University

  • paper: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/647597.731878 (IHW 2001)
  • code:

• 2002 Natural Language Watermarking and Tamperproofing (Mikhail J. Atallah) Purdue University

  • paper: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/647598.731894 (IHW 2002)
  • code:

• 2006 The Hiding Virtues of Ambiguity: Quantifiably Resilient Watermarking of Natural Language Text through Synonym Substitutions (Umut Topkara) Purdue University

  • paper: https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1161366.1161397 (MM&Sec 2006)
  • code:

• 2006 An attack-localizing watermarking scheme for natural language documents (Gaurav Gupta) Macquarie University

  • paper: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1128817.1128842 (AsiaCCS 2006)
  • code:

• 2016 Content-preserving Text Watermarking through Unicode Homoglyph Substitution (Stefano Giovanni Rizzo) University of Bologna

  • paper: https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2938503.2938510 (IDEAS 2016)
  • code:

• 2018 Reversible Natural Language Watermarking Using Synonym Substitution and Arithmetic Coding (Lingyun Xiang) Changsha University of Science and Technology

  • paper: https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v55n3/22908 (CMC 2018)
  • code:

• 2021 Adversarial Watermarking Transformer - Towards Tracing Text Provenance with Data Hiding (Sahar Abdelnabi) CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security

  • paper: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9519400 (IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy 2021)
  • code: https://github.com/S-Abdelnabi/awt

• 2022 Tracing Text Provenance via Context-Aware Lexical Substitution (Xi Yang) USTC

  • paper: https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/21415 (AAAI 2022)
  • code:

• 2023 Natural language watermarking via paraphraser-based lexical substitution (Jipeng Qiang) Yangzhou University

  • paper: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.artint.2023.103859 (Artificial Intelligence 2023)
  • code: https://github.com/zsy200075/Para-NLW/tree/main

• 2023 Robust Multi-bit Natural Language Watermarking through Invariant Features (KiYoon Yoo) Seoul National University

  • paper: https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.117.pdf (ACL 2023)
  • code: https://github.com/bangawayoo/nlp-watermarking