Add extract-id implementations for all types

[sritchie]

• Add extract-id implementations for all types #183:

  • adds emmy.{autodiff, tape} to emmy.sci's exported namespace set

  • adds emmy.dual/extract-id implementations for all supported output types
    (every type that already implements emmy.dual/IPerturbed)

  • moves emmy.tape/Completed to emmy.dual/Completed; it doesn't really make
    sense there, but this is the only current way to remove the circular
    dependency between emmy.dual and emmy.tape. (tape needs a dual
    import to gain emmy.dual/IPerturbed.)

  • simplifies the emmy.tape/gradient implementation down to only handle
    single real-or-structural arguments, just like emmy.dual/derivative. We'll
    share the "handle-multiple-input" implementation between the two in a
    follow-up PR

  • makes the tests in emmy.calculus.derivative generic on the derivative
    implementation, so we can run all tests in forward and reverse mode.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 62.74510% with 19 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 87.64%. Comparing base (8fb417f) to head (36d115c).

Files	Patch %	Lines
src/emmy/collection.cljc	11.11%	5 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️
src/emmy/quaternion.cljc	57.14%	6 Missing ⚠️
src/emmy/tape.cljc	83.33%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
src/emmy/matrix.cljc	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/emmy/polynomial.cljc	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/emmy/series.cljc	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #183      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   87.71%   87.64%   -0.07%     
==========================================
  Files         100      100              
  Lines       15807    15778      -29     
  Branches      844      845       +1     
==========================================
- Hits        13865    13829      -36     
- Misses       1098     1104       +6     
- Partials      844      845       +1     

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[sritchie]

these tests will get hit when I enable gradients in the next PR.