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feat: add traversal/walk function
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Closes: #118

Basic traversal functionality for deterministic DAG walking with no
repeat block visits and support for block skipping.

User supplies a block loader, which can be used to watch the block
ordering of the walk.
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patrickwoodhead authored and rvagg committed Nov 29, 2021
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37 changes: 37 additions & 0 deletions README.md
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* [Multibase Encoders / Decoders / Codecs](#multibase-encoders--decoders--codecs)
* [Multicodec Encoders / Decoders / Codecs](#multicodec-encoders--decoders--codecs)
* [Multihash Hashers](#multihash-hashers)
* [Traversal](#traversal)
* [Legacy interface](#legacy-interface)
* [Implementations](#implementations)
* [Multibase codecs](#multibase-codecs)
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//> CID(bagaaierasords4njcts6vs7qvdjfcvgnume4hqohf65zsfguprqphs3icwea)
```

### Traversal

This library contains higher-order functions for traversing graphs of data easily.

`walk()` walks through the links in each block of a DAG calling a user-supplied loader function for each one, in depth-first order with no duplicate block visits. The loader should return a `Block` object and can be used to inspect and collect block ordering for a full DAG walk. The loader should `throw` on error, and return `null` if a block should be skipped by `walk()`.

```js
import { walk } from 'multiformats/traversal'
import * as Block from 'multiformats/block'
import * as codec from 'multiformats/codecs/json'
import { sha256 as hasher } from 'multiformats/hashes/sha2'

// build a DAG (a single block for this simple example)
const value = { hello: 'world' }
const block = await Block.encode({ value, codec, hasher })
const { cid } = block
console.log(cid)
//> CID(bagaaierasords4njcts6vs7qvdjfcvgnume4hqohf65zsfguprqphs3icwea)

// create a loader function that also collects CIDs of blocks in
// their traversal order
const load = (cid, blocks) => async (cid) => {
// fetch a block using its cid
// e.g.: const block = await fetchBlockByCID(cid)
blocks.push(cid)
return block
}

// collect blocks in this DAG starting from the root `cid`
const blocks = []
await walk({ cid, load: load(cid, blocks) })

console.log(blocks)
//> [CID(bagaaierasords4njcts6vs7qvdjfcvgnume4hqohf65zsfguprqphs3icwea)]
```

## Legacy interface

[`blockcodec-to-ipld-format`](https://github.com/ipld/js-blockcodec-to-ipld-format) converts a multiformats [`BlockCodec`](https://github.com/multiformats/js-multiformats/blob/master/src/codecs/interface.ts#L21) into an
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4 changes: 4 additions & 0 deletions package.json
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"./block": {
"import": "./src/block.js"
},
"./traversal": {
"import": "./src/traversal.js"
},
"./bases/identity": {
"import": "./src/bases/identity.js"
},
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}
},
"devDependencies": {
"@ipld/dag-pb": "^2.1.14",
"@types/node": "^16.7.10",
"@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^4.30.0",
"@typescript-eslint/parser": "^4.30.0",
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38 changes: 38 additions & 0 deletions src/traversal.js
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import { base58btc } from 'multiformats/bases/base58'

/**
* @typedef {import('./cid.js').CID} CID
*/

/**
* @template T
* @typedef {import('./block.js').Block<T>} Block
*/

/**
* @template T
* @param {Object} options
* @param {CID} options.cid
* @param {(cid: CID) => Promise<Block<T>|null>} options.load
* @param {Set<string>?} options.seen
*/
const walk = async ({ cid, load, seen }) => {
seen = seen || new Set()
const b58Cid = cid.toString(base58btc)
if (seen.has(b58Cid)) {
return
}

const block = await load(cid)
seen.add(b58Cid)

if (block === null) { // the loader signals with `null` that we should skip this block
return
}

for (const [, cid] of block.links()) {
await walk({ cid, load, seen })
}
}

export { walk }
162 changes: 162 additions & 0 deletions test/test-traversal.js
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/* globals describe, it */
import * as codec from 'multiformats/codecs/json'
import * as dagPB from '@ipld/dag-pb'
import { sha256 as hasher } from 'multiformats/hashes/sha2'
import * as main from 'multiformats/block'
import { walk } from 'multiformats/traversal'
import { deepStrictEqual as same } from 'assert'

const test = it
const { createLink, createNode } = dagPB

describe('traversal', () => {
describe('walk', async () => {
// Forming the following DAG for testing
// A
// / \
// B C
// / \ / \
// D D D E
const linksE = []
const valueE = createNode(Uint8Array.from('string E qacdswa'), linksE)
const blockE = await main.encode({ value: valueE, codec, hasher })
const cidE = blockE.cid

const linksD = []
const valueD = createNode(Uint8Array.from('string D zasa'), linksD)
const blockD = await main.encode({ value: valueD, codec, hasher })
const cidD = blockD.cid

const linksC = [createLink('link1', 100, cidD), createLink('link2', 100, cidE)]
const valueC = createNode(Uint8Array.from('string C zxc'), linksC)
const blockC = await main.encode({ value: valueC, codec, hasher })
const cidC = blockC.cid

const linksB = [createLink('link1', 100, cidD), createLink('link2', 100, cidD)]
const valueB = createNode(Uint8Array.from('string B lpokjiasd'), linksB)
const blockB = await main.encode({ value: valueB, codec, hasher })
const cidB = blockB.cid

const linksA = [createLink('link1', 100, cidB), createLink('link2', 100, cidC)]
const valueA = createNode(Uint8Array.from('string A qwertcfdgshaa'), linksA)
const blockA = await main.encode({ value: valueA, codec, hasher })
const cidA = blockA.cid

const load = async (cid) => {
if (cid.equals(cidE)) {
return blockE
}
if (cid.equals(cidD)) {
return blockD
}
if (cid.equals(cidC)) {
return blockC
}
if (cid.equals(cidB)) {
return blockB
}
if (cid.equals(cidA)) {
return blockA
}
return null
}

const loadWrapper = (load, arr = []) => (cid) => {
arr.push(cid.toString())
return load(cid)
}

test('block with no links', async () => {
// Test Case 1
// Input DAG
// D
//
// Expect load to be called with D
const expectedCallArray = [cidD.toString()]
const callArray = []

await walk({ cid: cidD, load: loadWrapper(load, callArray) })

expectedCallArray.forEach((value, index) => {
same(value, callArray[index])
})
})

test('block with links', async () => {
// Test Case 2
// Input
// C
// / \
// D E
//
// Expect load to be called with C, then D, then E
const expectedCallArray = [cidC.toString(), cidD.toString(), cidE.toString()]
const callArray = []

await walk({ cid: cidC, load: loadWrapper(load, callArray) })

expectedCallArray.forEach((value, index) => {
same(value, callArray[index])
})
})

test('block with matching links', async () => {
// Test Case 3
// Input
// B
// / \
// D D
//
// Expect load to be called with B, then D
const expectedCallArray = [cidB.toString(), cidD.toString()]
const callArray = []

await walk({ cid: cidB, load: loadWrapper(load, callArray) })

expectedCallArray.forEach((value, index) => {
same(value, callArray[index])
})
})

test('depth first with duplicated block', async () => {
// Test Case 4
// Input
// A
// / \
// B C
// / \ / \
// D D D E
//
// Expect load to be called with A, then B, then D, then C, then E
const expectedCallArray = [
cidA.toString(),
cidB.toString(),
cidD.toString(),
cidC.toString(),
cidE.toString()
]
const callArray = []

await walk({ cid: cidA, load: loadWrapper(load, callArray) })

expectedCallArray.forEach((value, index) => {
same(value, callArray[index])
})
})

test('null return', async () => {
const links = []
const value = createNode(Uint8Array.from('test'), links)
const block = await main.encode({ value: value, codec, hasher })
const cid = block.cid
const expectedCallArray = [cid.toString()]
const callArray = []

await walk({ cid, load: loadWrapper(load, callArray) })

expectedCallArray.forEach((value, index) => {
same(value, callArray[index])
})
})
})
})

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