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update story text
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minniewong committed Jan 11, 2024
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The Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) near-global Surface Water Extent imagery layer is a Level-3 product that maps surface water every few days. The resolution is 30 m and the layer has 5 classifications: Not Water, Open Water, Partial Surface Water, Snow/Ice, and Cloud/Cloud Shadow. The input dataset for generating each product is the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) dataset, which includes data from Landsat 8, Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B.
Near-global surface water extent at 30 meter resolution is available in Worldview through the Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) project. The Level-3 product maps surface water every few days. The layer has 5 classifications: Not Water, Open Water, Partial Surface Water, Snow/Ice, and Cloud. The input dataset is the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) dataset, and currently uses data from Landsat 8, Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B.
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**Laguna de Aculeo, Chile**
The lake is a two hours' drive from Santiago, Chile and was a long-time popular summer vacationing spot to go boating, swimming, and water skiing. A combination of nearby population growth, purchasing of water rights for agriculture, and drought caused the shallow lake to go dry in 2018. This true-color reflectance image from 18 May 2023 from the European Space Agency's Sentinel-2A and 2B satellites show a dry lake bed in shades of brown in the center of the map.
The Laguna de Aculeo is a two hours' drive from Santiago, Chile and was a long-time popular summer vacationing spot to go boating, swimming, and water skiing. A combination of nearby population growth, purchasing of water rights for agriculture, and drought caused the shallow lake to go dry in 2018. This true-color reflectance image from 18 May 2023 from the European Space Agency's (ESA) Sentinel-2A and -2B satellites show a dry lake bed in shades of brown in the center of the map.
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Overlaid on these true-color reflectance images is the OPERA surface water extent layer and it highlights the refilled lake in shades of blue, indicating open water and partial surface water. The layer is designed to improve our understanding of the spatial and temporal variations of land inundation by surface water. It is currently unclear how long this lake will remain filled, but as of 19 December 2023 in the right image, the lake appears to be at a similar water level as the left image of 15 September.
The OPERA surface water extent layer helps to highlight the refilled lake in shades of blue, indicating open water and partial surface water. The layer is designed to improve our understanding of the spatial and temporal variations of land inundation by surface water. It is currently unclear how long this lake will remain filled, but as of 19 December 2023 in the right image, the lake appears to be at a similar water level as the left image from 15 September.

Read more in the Earth Observatory Article, [Water Returns to Laguna de Aculeo](https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/151836/water-returns-to-laguna-de-aculeo).
Learn more at Earth Observatory's [Water Returns to Laguna de Acuelo](https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/151836/water-returns-to-laguna-de-aculeo)
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**Indus River Valley Monsoon Rains**
The Indus River Valley receives heavy monsoon rains each summer which contribute to the apperance of extensive surface waters. These false-color reflectance images from Landsat 8 and 9 show water in dark blues. The left image is from 3 May 2023, before the monsoon rains, and the right side is from 7 August 2023, and if you swipe the bar back and forth you can see the extent of floodwaters along the riverbanks and in the surrounding region.
The Indus River Valley receives heavy monsoon rains each summer which contribute to the apperance of extensive surface water. These false-color reflectance images from Landsat 8 show water in dark blues. The left image is from 3 May 2023, before the monsoon rains, and the right side is from 7 August 2023. Swiping the bar back and forth reveals the extent of floodwaters along the riverbanks and in the surrounding region.
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The OPERA surface water extent layer shows the extent of floodwaters very clearly in shades of dark and light blue and highlights how much extends from the meandering river banks and covers the surrounding region.
The OPERA surface water extent layer shows the floodwaters very clearly in shades of dark and light blue. It highlights how much surface water there is beyond the meandering river banks and the water covering the surrounding region.
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**Ukraine Dam Breach**
The Kakhovka Dam, along the Dnieper River in Ukraine was breached on 6 June 2023. The left image is from 5 June 2023, and shows the filled Kahovka Reservoir on the right portion of the map. The right image is from 5 July 2023 and shows the drained reservoir. Turn on and off the OPERA Surface Water Extent layers to see that the reservoir is no longer full of water, but is mostly brown.
The Kakhovka Dam, along the Dnieper River in Ukraine was breached on 6 June 2023. The left image is from 5 June 2023, and shows the filled Kahovka Reservoir in the right portion of the map. The right image is from 5 July 2023 and shows the drained reservoir. Turn on and off the OPERA surface water extent layer to see that the reservoir is no longer full of water, but is mostly brown, exposed ground.

**There is an OPERA tile missing which needs to be fixed**
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Zooming in closer, it is evident that the dam was breached. Swipe the bar back and forth to compare the amount of water in the reservoir between 5 June 2023 and 4 August 2023. The right image shows light brown, exposed land from the draining of the reservoir.
Zooming in closer, it is evident that the dam was breached. Swipe the bar back and forth to compare the amount of water in the reservoir between 5 June 2023 and 4 August 2023. The right image shows light brown, exposed land of the drained reservoir.
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**Return of Lake Tulare**
Tulare Lake in San Joaquin Valley, California, was once the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi River but feeder rivers were diverted for irrigation and municipal water use. Since the 1920s, the dry lake bed has been used to grow crops like almonds and tomatoes. The right "B" side shows how heavy rains caused the area to flood and re-fill.
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**Flooding in Tuscany from Storm Ciarán**
Storm Ciarán hit northwestern France on Wednesday, 1 November 2023 and moved to Britain and western Europe on Thursday, 2 November causing heavy rains and strong winds. This comparison shows 2 October 2023 on the "A" left side, and 3 November on the "B" right side. The "B" side shows flooded agricultural fields in shades of dark and light blue.
Storm Ciarán hit northwestern France on 1 November 2023 and moved to Britain and western Europe on 2 November causing heavy rains and strong winds. This comparison of northwestern Tuscany shows 2 October 2023 on the "A" left side, and 3 November on the "B" right side. The "B" side shows flooded agricultural fields near the river banks in dark and light blue.
[Read more at Earth Observatory...](https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/152051/flooding-in-tuscany)
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