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1. Captions in LAION-2B have a significant bias towards describing visual text content embedded in the images.
2. Released CLIP models have strong text spotting bias in almost every style of web image, resulting in the CLIP-filtering datasets being inherently biased towards visual text-dominant data.
3. CLIP models easily learn text-spotting capacity from parrot captions while failing to connect the vision-language semantics, just like a text-spotting parrot.
4. We provide an alternative solution by releasing a less biased filtered LAION-2B 100M subset and pre-trained CLIP models.

• 2023.12.22 🎉🎉🎉 We release a technical report for more details. A 100M debiased LAION subset (OpenDataLab and Hugging Face. ) and pre-trained models are publicly available.

We trained the Kmeans model from the LAION-400M dataset CLIP ViT-B-32 features using fassi. We first used PCA to reduce the feature dimension. The training and inference code in kmeans.py.

The generation pipeline of synthetic images (sys_benchmark.py and Arial.ttf) and the N-gram Vocabulary we built from the dataset.

• Selecting all the images without any embedded text using the text spotting model DeepSolo.
• Filtering samples with CLIP score > 0.3 and Aesthetics score > 4.5
• Deduplication using CLIP features similarity based cluster labels.
• Finally, we got 107,166,507 (100M) LAION-2B subset.

our training code is based on OpenCLIP

• batch size 32k
• lr 5e-4
• epochs 32
• local loss
• precision amp

Note that the OCR model is not perfect. The images in our filtered subset still contain some text content. Therefore, we also benchmark our trained model on the synthetic images benchmark.

Thanks for these good works:

• faiss A library for efficient similarity search and clustering for building the Kmeans model.
• DeepSolo A strong transformer-based text spotting model for profiling the LAION dataset.
• CLIP Pre-trained CLIP models on WIT-400M.
• OpenCLIP An open-source CLIP implementation of training codes and pre-trained models on the LIAON dataset.
• DataComp A comprehensive evaluation benchmark for CLIP models' downstream performance.
• Aesthetic Score Predictor An aesthetic score predictor ( how much people like on average an image ) based on a simple neural net that takes CLIP embeddings as inputs.

@article{lin2023parrot,
    title={Parrot Captions Teach CLIP to Spot Text}, 
    author={Yiqi Lin and Conghui He and Alex Jinpeng Wang and Bin Wang and Weijia Li and Mike Zheng Shou},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.14232},
    year={2023}
}

@article{he2024opendatalab,
  title={Opendatalab: Empowering general artificial intelligence with open datasets},
  author={He, Conghui and Li, Wei and Jin, Zhenjiang and Xu, Chao and Wang, Bin and Lin, Dahua},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.13773},
  year={2024}
}

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