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<h1><p align="center"><img alt="protobuf.js" src="https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/raw/master/pbjs.png" width="120" height="104" /></p></h1>
<p align="center"><a href="https://npmjs.org/package/protobufjs"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/v/protobufjs.svg" alt=""></a> <a href="https://travis-ci.org/dcodeIO/protobuf.js"><img src="https://travis-ci.org/dcodeIO/protobuf.js.svg?branch=master" alt=""></a> <a href="https://npmjs.org/package/protobufjs"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/protobufjs.svg" alt=""></a> <a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=dcode%40dcode.io&item_name=Open%20Source%20Software%20Donation&item_number=dcodeIO%2Fprotobuf.js"><img alt="donate ❤" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/donate-❤-ff2244.svg"></a></p>
<h1><p align="center"><img alt="protobuf.js" src="https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/raw/master/pbjs.svg" height="100" /><br/>protobuf.js</p></h1>
<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/actions/workflows/test.yml"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/protobufjs/protobuf.js/test.yml?branch=master&label=build&logo=github" alt=""></a>
<a href="https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/actions/workflows/release.yaml"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/protobufjs/protobuf.js/release.yaml?branch=master&label=release&logo=github" alt=""></a>
<a href="https://npmjs.org/package/protobufjs"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/v/protobufjs.svg?logo=npm" alt=""></a>
<a href="https://npmjs.org/package/protobufjs"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/protobufjs.svg?label=downloads&logo=npm" alt=""></a>
<a href="https://www.jsdelivr.com/package/npm/protobufjs"><img src="https://img.shields.io/jsdelivr/npm/hm/protobufjs?label=requests&logo=jsdelivr" alt=""></a>
</p>

**Protocol Buffers** are a language-neutral, platform-neutral, extensible way of serializing structured data for use in communications protocols, data storage, and more, originally designed at Google ([see](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/)).
**Protocol Buffers** are a language-neutral, platform-neutral, extensible way of serializing structured data for use in communications protocols, data storage, and more, originally designed at Google ([see](https://protobuf.dev/)).

**protobuf.js** is a pure JavaScript implementation with [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org) support for [node.js](https://nodejs.org) and the browser. It's easy to use, blazingly fast and works out of the box with [.proto](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto) files!
**protobuf.js** is a pure JavaScript implementation with [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org) support for [Node.js](https://nodejs.org) and the browser. It's easy to use, does not sacrifice on performance, has good conformance and works out of the box with [.proto](https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/proto3/) files!

Contents
--------
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -42,76 +48,57 @@ Contents
Installation
---------------

### node.js
### Node.js

```
$> npm install protobufjs [--save --save-prefix=~]
```sh
npm install protobufjs --save
```

```js
// Static code + Reflection + .proto parser
var protobuf = require("protobufjs");
```

The command line utility lives in the protobufjs-cli package and must be installed separately:
// Static code + Reflection
var protobuf = require("protobufjs/light");

// Static code only
var protobuf = require("protobufjs/minimal");
```
$> npm install protobufjs-cli [--save --save-prefix=~]
```

**Note** that this library's versioning scheme is not semver-compatible for historical reasons. For guaranteed backward compatibility, always depend on `~6.A.B` instead of `^6.A.B` (hence the `--save-prefix` above).

### Browsers

Development:
The optional [command line utility](./cli/) to generate static code and reflection bundles lives in the `protobufjs-cli` package and can be installed separately:

```
<script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/protobufjs@7.X.X/dist/protobuf.js"></script>
```sh
npm install protobufjs-cli --save-dev
```

Production:
### Browsers

```
Pick the variant matching your needs and replace the version tag with the exact [release](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/tags) your project depends upon. For example, to use the minified full variant:

```html
<script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/protobuf.min.js"></script>
```

**Remember** to replace the version tag with the exact [release](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/tags) your project depends upon.

The library supports CommonJS and AMD loaders and also exports globally as `protobuf`.

### Distributions

Where bundle size is a factor, there are additional stripped-down versions of the [full library][dist-full] (~19kb gzipped) available that exclude certain functionality:

* When working with JSON descriptors (i.e. generated by [pbjs](cli/README.md#pbjs-for-javascript)) and/or reflection only, see the [light library][dist-light] (~16kb gzipped) that excludes the parser. CommonJS entry point is:

```js
var protobuf = require("protobufjs/light");
```

* When working with statically generated code only, see the [minimal library][dist-minimal] (~6.5kb gzipped) that also excludes reflection. CommonJS entry point is:

```js
var protobuf = require("protobufjs/minimal");
```

| Distribution | Location
|------------|-----------------------------------
| Full | <https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/protobufjs/dist/>
| Light | <https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/protobufjs/dist/light/>
| Minimal | <https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/protobufjs/dist/minimal/>
|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------
| Full | <https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/protobufjs/dist/>
| Light | <https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/protobufjs/dist/light/>
| Minimal | <https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/protobufjs/dist/minimal/>

All variants support CommonJS and AMD loaders and export globally as `window.protobuf`.

Usage
-----

Because JavaScript is a dynamically typed language, protobuf.js introduces the concept of a **valid message** in order to provide the best possible [performance](#performance) (and, as a side product, proper typings):
Because JavaScript is a dynamically typed language, protobuf.js utilizes the concept of a **valid message** in order to provide the best possible [performance](#performance) (and, as a side product, proper typings):

### Valid message

> A valid message is an object (1) not missing any required fields and (2) exclusively composed of JS types understood by the wire format writer.
There are two possible types of valid messages and the encoder is able to work with both of these for convenience:

* **Message instances** (explicit instances of message classes with default values on their prototype) always (have to) satisfy the requirements of a valid message by design and
* **Message instances** (explicit instances of message classes with default values on their prototype) naturally satisfy the requirements of a valid message and
* **Plain JavaScript objects** that just so happen to be composed in a way satisfying the requirements of a valid message as well.

In a nutshell, the wire format writer understands the following types:
Expand All @@ -126,11 +113,11 @@ In a nutshell, the wire format writer understands the following types:
| bytes | `Uint8Array` (optimal)<br />`Buffer` (optimal under node)<br />`Array.<number>` (8 bit integers) | `base64.decode(value)` if a `string`<br />`Object` with non-zero `.length` is assumed to be buffer-like
| enum | `number` (32 bit integer) | Looks up the numeric id if a `string`
| message | Valid message | `Message.fromObject(value)`
| repeated T | `Array<T>` | Copy
| map<K, V> | `Object<K,V>` | Copy

* Explicit `undefined` and `null` are considered as not set if the field is optional.
* Repeated fields are `Array.<T>`.
* Map fields are `Object.<string,T>` with the key being the string representation of the respective value or an 8 characters long binary hash string for `Long`-likes.
* Types marked as *optimal* provide the best performance because no conversion step (i.e. number to low and high bits or base64 string to buffer) is required.
* Maps are objects where the key is the string representation of the respective value or an 8 characters long hash string for `Long`-likes.

### Toolset

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -210,7 +197,7 @@ For reference, the following diagram aims to display relationships between the d

<p align="center"><img alt="Toolset Diagram" src="https://protobufjs.github.io/protobuf.js/toolset.svg" /></p>

> In other words: `verify` indicates that calling `create` or `encode` directly on the plain object will [result in a valid message respectively] succeed. `fromObject`, on the other hand, does conversion from a broader range of plain objects to create valid messages. ([ref](https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/issues/748#issuecomment-291925749))
> In other words: `verify` indicates that calling `create` or `encode` directly on the plain object will [result in a valid message respectively] succeed. `fromObject`, on the other hand, does conversion from a broader range of plain objects to create valid messages. ([ref](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/issues/748#issuecomment-291925749))

Examples
--------
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -482,13 +469,13 @@ greeter.sayHello({ name: 'you' })
});
```
There is also an [example for streaming RPC](https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/blob/master/examples/streaming-rpc.js).
There is also an [example for streaming RPC](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/blob/master/examples/streaming-rpc.js).
Note that the service API is meant for clients. Implementing a server-side endpoint pretty much always requires transport channel (i.e. http, websocket, etc.) specific code with the only common denominator being that it decodes and encodes messages.
### Usage with TypeScript
The library ships with its own [type definitions](https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/blob/master/index.d.ts) and modern editors like [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) will automatically detect and use them for code completion.
The library ships with its own [type definitions](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/blob/master/index.d.ts) and modern editors like [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) will automatically detect and use them for code completion.
The npm package depends on [@types/node](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@types/node) because of `Buffer` and [@types/long](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@types/long) because of `Long`. If you are not building for node and/or not using long.js, it should be safe to exclude them manually.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -595,18 +582,18 @@ Other notes:
* Default values must be specified as arguments to the decorator instead of using a property initializer for proper prototype behavior.
* Property names on decorated classes must not be renamed on compile time (i.e. by a minifier) because decorators just receive the original field name as a string.
**ProTip!** Not as pretty, but you can [use decorators in plain JavaScript](https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/blob/master/examples/js-decorators.js) as well.
**ProTip!** Not as pretty, but you can [use decorators in plain JavaScript](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/blob/master/examples/js-decorators.js) as well.
Additional documentation
------------------------
#### Protocol Buffers
* [Google's Developer Guide](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/overview)
* [Google's Developer Guide](https://protobuf.dev/overview/)
#### protobuf.js
* [API Documentation](https://protobufjs.github.io/protobuf.js)
* [CHANGELOG](https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
* [Frequently asked questions](https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/wiki) on our wiki
* [CHANGELOG](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
* [Frequently asked questions](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/wiki) on our wiki
#### Community
* [Questions and answers](http://stackoverflow.com/search?tab=newest&q=protobuf.js) on StackOverflow
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -666,13 +653,13 @@ These results are achieved by
* using node-specific functionality where beneficial and, of course
* avoiding unnecessary operations through splitting up [the toolset](#toolset).
You can also run [the benchmark](https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/blob/master/bench/index.js) ...
You can also run [the benchmark](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/blob/master/bench/index.js) ...
```
$> npm run bench
```
and [the profiler](https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/blob/master/bench/prof.js) yourself (the latter requires a recent version of node):
and [the profiler](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/blob/master/bench/prof.js) yourself (the latter requires a recent version of node):
```
$> npm run prof <encode|decode|encode-browser|decode-browser> [iterations=10000000]
Expand All @@ -686,18 +673,18 @@ Compatibility
* Works in all modern and not-so-modern browsers except IE8.
* Because the internals of this package do not rely on `google/protobuf/descriptor.proto`, options are parsed and presented literally.
* If typed arrays are not supported by the environment, plain arrays will be used instead.
* Support for pre-ES5 environments (except IE8) can be achieved by [using a polyfill](https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/blob/master/scripts/polyfill.js).
* Support for [Content Security Policy](https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-csp/)-restricted environments (like Chrome extensions without [unsafe-eval](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/contentSecurityPolicy#relaxing-eval)) can be achieved by generating and using static code instead.
* Support for pre-ES5 environments (except IE8) can be achieved by [using a polyfill](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/blob/master/lib/polyfill.js).
* Support for [Content Security Policy](https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-csp/)-restricted environments (like Chrome extensions without unsafe-eval) can be achieved by generating and using static code instead.
* If a proper way to work with 64 bit values (uint64, int64 etc.) is required, just install [long.js](https://github.com/dcodeIO/long.js) alongside this library. All 64 bit numbers will then be returned as a `Long` instance instead of a possibly unsafe JavaScript number ([see](https://github.com/dcodeIO/long.js)).
* For descriptor.proto interoperability, see [ext/descriptor](https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/tree/master/ext/descriptor)
* For descriptor.proto interoperability, see [ext/descriptor](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/tree/master/ext/descriptor)
Building
--------
To build the library or its components yourself, clone it from GitHub and install the development dependencies:
```
$> git clone https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js.git
$> git clone https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js.git
$> cd protobuf.js
$> npm install
```
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -735,6 +722,6 @@ By default, protobuf.js integrates into any browserify build-process without req
protobuf.configure();
```
* If you have any special requirements, there is [the bundler](https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/blob/master/scripts/bundle.js) for reference.
* If you have any special requirements, there is [the bundler](https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/blob/master/scripts/bundle.js) for reference.
**License:** [BSD 3-Clause License](https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause)

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