'''Aim: Write a program to demonstrate different number data types in Python.'''
a = 10 # Integer DataType
b = 11.5 # Float DataType
c = 2.05j # Complex Number
print("a is Type of", type(a)) # prints type of variable a
print("b is Type of", type(b)) # prints type of vairiable b
print("c is Type of", type(c)) # prints type of variable cOutput:
a is Type of <class 'int'>
b is Type of <class 'float'>
c is Type of <class 'complex'>'''Aim: Write a program to perform different Arithmetic Operations on numbers in Python.'''
a = int(input("Enter a value: ")) # input() takes data from console at runtime as string.
b = int(input("Enter b value: ")) # type cast the input string to int
print("Addition of a and b", a + b)
print("Subtraction of a and b", a - b)
print("Multiplication of a and b", a * b)
print("Division of a and b", a / b)
print("Remainder of a and b", a % b)
print("Exponent of a and b", a ** b) # exponent operator (a ^ b)
print("Floor division of a and b", a // b) # integer divisionOutput:
Enter a value: 3
Enter b value: 2
Addition of a and b 5
Subtraction of a and b 1
Multiplication of a and b 6
Division of a and b 1.5
Remainder of a and b 1
Exponent of a and b 9
Floar division of a and b 13. Write a program to create, concatinate and print a string and accessing sub-string from a given string
'''Aim: write a program to create, concatenate and print a string and accessing sub-string from a given string'''
s1 = input("Enter first string: ")
s2 = input("Enter second string: ")
print("First string is:", s1)
print("Second string is:", s2)
print("Concatenation of two strings:", s1 + s2)
print("Substring of given string:", s1[1:4])Output:
Enter first string: COMPUTER-
Enter second string: SCIENCE
First string is: COMPUTER-
Second string is: SCIENCE
Concatenation of two string: COMPUTER-SCIENCE
Substring of given string: OMP4. Write a python script to print the current date in the following format -> "Sun May 29 02:26:23 IST 2017"
'''Aim: Write a python script to print the current date in the following format "Sun May 29 02:26:23 IST 2017'''
import time
ltime = time.localtime()
print(time.strftime("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Z %Y", ltime)) # print formatted time
'''
%a : Abbreviated weekday name.
%b : Abbreviated month name.
%d : Day of the month as a decimal number [01, 31]
%H : Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00, 23]
%M : Minute as a decimal number [00, 59]
%S : Second as a decimal number [00, 59]
%Z : Time zone name (no characters if no time zone exists)
%Y : Year with century as a decimal number.'''Creating a list
# empty list
list1 = []
# list of integers
list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# list with mixed data type
list3 = ['a', 1, 2.0, True]Add item to list and extend list
# append and extend lists in Python
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print("Initial list:", my_list)
# append an item
my_list.append(6)
print("After append", my_list)
# extend a list
my_list.extend([7, 8, 9])
print("After extend", my_list)Output:
Initial list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
After append [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
After extend [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]Delete/Remove item from list
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# delete one item
del my_list[2]
print("After delete", my_list)
# delete multiple items
del my_list[1:3]
print("After delete", my_list)
# delete all items
del my_list[:]
print("After delete", my_list)Output:
After delete [1, 2, 4, 5]
After delete [1, 4, 5]
After delete []A tuple can have any number of items, and they are immutable and may be of different types(integer, float, string, boolean, etc.)
# Different types of tuples
# Empty tuple
empty_tuple = ()
print("Empty tuple:", empty_tuple)
# tuples having integers
tuple_with_integers = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
print("Tuple with integers:", tuple_with_integers)
# tuples having mixed data types
tuple_with_mixed_data_types = (1, "Hello", 2.0, True)
print("Tuple with mixed data types:", tuple_with_mixed_data_types)
# nested tuples
tuple_with_nested_tuples = (1, 2, ("Hello", "World"))
print("Tuple with nested tuples:", tuple_with_nested_tuples)Output:
Empty tuple: ()
Tuple with integers: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Tuple with mixed data types: (1, 'Hello', 2.0, True)
Tuple with nested tuples: (1, 2, ('Hello', 'World'))A tuple can also be created without using parentheses. This is known as tuple packing.
my_tuple = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
print("Tuple created without using parentheses:", my_tuple)
# tuple unpacking
a, b, c, d, e = my_tuple
print("Tuple unpacked:", a, b, c, d, e)Output:
Tuple created without using parentheses: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Tuple unpacked: 1 2 3 4 5Having one element within a parenthesis is not enough. We will need a trailing comma to indicate that it is, in fact, a tuple.
my_tuple = ("hello")
print(type(my_tuple)) # <class 'str'>
# Creating a tuple having one element
my_tuple = ("hello",)
print(type(my_tuple)) # <class 'tuple'>
# Parenthesis is optional
my_tuple = "hello",
print(type(my_tuple)) # <class 'tuple'>Output:
<class 'str'>
<class 'tuple'>
<class 'tuple'># empty dictionary
my_dict = {}
print("Empty dictionary:", my_dict)
# dictionary with integer keys
my_dict = {1: "One", 2: "Two", 3: "Three"}
print("Dictionary with integer keys:", my_dict)
# dictionary with mixed keys
my_dict = {1: "One", "Two": 2, "Three": 3.0, True: False}
print("Dictionary with mixed keys:", my_dict)
# from sequence having each item as a pair
my_dict = dict([(1, "One"), (2, "Two"), (3, "Three")])Output:
Empty dictionary: {}
Dictionary with integer keys: {1: 'One', 2: 'Two', 3: 'Three'}
Dictionary with mixed keys: {1: 'One', 'Two': 2, 'Three': 3.0, True: False}
Dictionary with mixed keys: {1: 'One', 2: 'Two', 3: 'Three'}While indexing is used with other data types to access values a dictionary uses keys. Keys can be used either inside square brackets [] or with get() method.
If we use the square brackets [], KeyError is raised in case a key is not found in the dictionary. On the other hand, the get() method returns None in case a key is not found.
# get vs [] for retrieving values from dictionary
my_dict = {1: "One", 2: "Two", 3: "Three"}
# Output: One
print(my_dict[1])
# Output: Three
print(my_dict.get(3))
# Try to access key which is not present in the dictionary
# Output: None
print(my_dict.get(4))
# KeyError
print(my_dict[4]) # 4 is not in the dictionaryOutput:
One
Three
None
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyError: 4# largest of three integers
num1 = 10
num2 = 20
num3 = 30
if (num1 >= num2) and (num1 >= num3):
largest = num1
elif (num2 >= num1) and (num2 >= num3):
largest = num2
else:
largest = num3
print("The largest number between", num1, num2, num3, "is", largest)Output:
The largest number between 10 20 30 is 30Hint:
$C$ = 5/9 * ($F$ - 32)
# temperature conversion
temp = float(input("Enter temperature: "))
unit = input("Enter unit of temperature(C for celsius and F for Fahrenheit): ")
if unit == "C" or unit == "c":
new_temp = 9 / 5 * temp + 32
print("Temperature in Fahrenheit:", new_temp)
elif unit == "F" or unit == "f":
new_temp = (temp - 32) * 5 / 9
print("Temperature in Celsius:", new_temp)
else:
print("Invalid unit of temperature")Output:
Enter temperature: 100
Enter unit of temperature(C for celsius and F for Fahrenheit): C
Temperature in Fahrenheit: 212.0*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
Program:
n = 5
for i in range(n):
for j in range(i):
print("* ", end="")
print()
for i in range(n, 0, -1):
for j in range(i):
print("* ", end="")
print()Output:
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*# prime numbers
def is_prime(num):
for i in range(2, num):
if num % i == 0:
return False
return True
for i in range(2, 20):
if is_prime(i):
print(i, end=" ")Output:
2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19# factorial
def factorial(num):
if num == 1:
return 1
else:
return num * factorial(num - 1)
# Driver code
num = 5
print("The factorial of", num, "is", factorial(num))Output:
The factorial of 5 is 12013. Write a program that accepts the lengths of three sides of a triangle as inputs. The program output should indicate whether or not the triangle is a right triangle (Recall from the Pythagorean Theorem that in a right triangle, the square of one side equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides).
# right triangle
a = int(input("Enter the length of side a(base): "))
b = int(input("Enter the length of side b(height): "))
c = int(input("Enter the length of side c(hypotenuse): "))
def is_right_triangle(a, b, c):
if a ** 2 + b ** 2 == c ** 2:
return True
else:
return False
if is_right_triangle(a, b, c):
print("The triangle is a right triangle")
else:
print("The triangle is not a right triangle")Output:
Enter the length of side a(base): 5
Enter the length of side b(height): 5
Enter the length of side c(hypotenuse): 5
The triangle is a right triangle14. Write a python program to define a module to find Fibonacci Numbers and import the module to another program.
def fib(n):
a, b = 0, 1
while b < n:
print(b, end=" ")
a, b = b, a + b
print()
def fib2(n):
result = []
a, b = 0, 1
while b < n:
result.append(b)
a, b = b, a + b
return result
# driver code
n = int(input("Enter the number of terms: "))
fib(n)Output:
Enter the number of terms: 10
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 3415. Write a python program to define a module and import a specific function in that to another program.
Writing Modules
A module is simply a Python file with .py extention. The name of the file becomes the module name. Inside the file, we can have definitios and implementations of classes, variables, or functions. These can then be used in other Python programs.
Let us begin by creating a function that simply prints "Hello World". To do this, creat a new Python file and save it as hello.py. Add the following code to the file:
def my_func():
print("Hello World")If you run the above code, it will return nothing. This is because we have not told to do anything. It is true that er have created a function named my_func() within the code, but we have not called or invoked the function. When invoked, this function should print the text "Hello World".
Now, move to the same directory where you have saved the above file and create a new file named main.py. Add the following code to the file:
import hello
hello.my_func()Output:
Hello WorldThe function was invoked successfully. We began by importing the module. The name of the file was hello.py, hence the name of the import module is hello.
Also, note the syntax that we have used to invoke the function. This is called the "dot notation", which allow us to call the function by first specifying the module name, and then the name of the function.
However, that is just one way of importing the module and invoking the function. We could have done it as follows:
from hello import my_func
my_func()Output:
Hello WorldIn the above example, the first line commands the Python Intepreter to import a function named my_func from a module named hello. In such case, you don't have to use the dot notation to access the function, you can just call it directly.
However, in case where our hello module has multiple functions, the statement from hello import my_func will not import all hello's functions into our program, only my_func. If you attempt to access any other function, an error will be generated. You have to import the whoel module or import each individual functions in order to use them.
16 Write a script named copyfile.py. This script should prompt the user for the names of two text files. The contents of the first file should be input and written to the second file.
Souce Code
# to prompt the user to enter the file1 which is input file
infile = input("Enter the input filename with extension: ")
# to prompt the user to enter the file2 which is output file
outfile = input("Enter the output filename with extension: ")
# opening file1 in read mode
f1 = open(infile, "r")
# opening the file2 in writing mode
f2 = open(outfile, "w+")
# reading the content of file1 to content variable
content = f1.read()
# writing the content to file1
f2.write(content)
# closing both file
f1.close()
f2.close()
```
**Before running above program**
```
|
|-file1.txt
| Hello there
|-file2.txt
|
```
**After running program**
```
|
|-file1.txt
| Hello there
|-file2.txt
| Hello there
```
### 17. Write a program that inputs a text file. The program should print all of the unique words in the file in alphabetical order.
```py
def unique_file(infile, outfile):
in_file = open(infile, "r")
content = in_file.read()
in_file.close()
duplicates = []
word_list = content.split()
out_file = open(outfile, "w")
for word in word_list:
if word not in duplicates:
duplicates.append(word)
out_file.write(word + "\n")
out_file.close()
# driver code
unique_file("sample.txt", "output.txt")
for line in sorted(open("output.txt")):
print(line, end=" ")
```
**Output:**
```
This is the most import task. you have performed in a while. python rocks yeah.
```
### 18. Write a Python class to convert an integer to a roman numeral.
```py
class py_solution:
def int_to_Roman(self, num):
val = [
1000, 900, 500, 400, 100
90, 50, 40, 10, 9, 5, 4, 1
]
syb = [
"M", "CM", "D", "CD", "C", "XC", "L", "XL",
"X", "IX", "V", "IV", "I"
]
roman_num = ""
i = 0
while num > 0:
for _ in range(num // val[i]):
roman_num += syb[i]
num -= val[i]
i += 1
return roman_num
# driver code
print(py_solution().int_to_Roman(1))
print(py_solution().int_to_Roman(4000))
```
**Output**
```
I
MMMM
```
### 19. Write a Python function to implement pow(x, n)
```py
# pow(x, n)
def power(x, n):
if n == 0:
return 1
else:
return x * power(x, n - 1)
# Driver code
x = float(input("Enter the base number: "))
n = int(input("Enter the power number: "))
print("The result is:", power(x, n))Output:
Enter the base number: 5
Enter the power number: 2
The result is: 25# reverse string word by word
def reverse_word(word):
word_list = word.split()
word_list.reverse()
return " ".join(word_list)
# driver code
word = "Hello World"
print("The reversed word is:", reverse_word(word))Output:
The reversed word is: World Hellodef remainder(arr, n):
mul = 1
for i in arr:
mul = mul * (i % n)
return mul % n
# driver code
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
n = 5
print("The remainder is:", remainder(arr, n))Output:
The remainder is: 1Print the sum of series 1 3 + 2 3 + 3 3 + ... + n 3 till nth term
# cube sum of first n natural numbers
def cube_sum(n):
sum = 0
for i in range(1, n + 1):
sum = sum + i ** 3
return sum
# driver code
n = 5
print("The sum is:", cube_sum(n))Output:
The sum is: 1395# check whether a number is Prime of not
def is_prime(num):
for i in range(2, num):
if num % i == 0:
return False
return True
# driver code
num = 5
print("The number is:", num, "is", end=" ")
if is_prime(num):
print("Prime")
else:
print("Not Prime")Output:
The number is: 5 is PrimeHint: Area = π * r 2
where r is the radius of circle
# Python program to find Area of a circle
def findArea(r):
PI = 3.142
return PI * r * r
r = int(input("Enter radius: "))
print("Area of circle is", findArea(r))Output:
Enter radius: 5
Area of circle is 15.71# Python program to find compound interest for given values
def compound_interest(principle, rate, time):
amount = principle * pow(1 + rate / 100, time)
ci = amount - principle
return ci
print("Compound Interest", compound_interest(10000, 10.25, 5))Ouput:
Compound Interest 6288.94627
# Python program to print positive number in a list
# list of numbers
arr = [11, -21, 0, 45, 66, -93]
# iterating each number in list
for num in arr:
# check if num is positive
if num >= 0:
print(num, end=" ")Output:
11 0 45 66# Python program to remove multiple elements from a list
# list of numbers
arr = [11, 5, 17, 18, 23, 50]
# iterate each element in list
for num in arr:
if num % 2 == 0:
arr.remove(num)
# print modified list
print("New list after removing all even numbers:", arr)Output:
New list after removing all even numbers: [11, 5, 17, 23]# Python program to swap first and last elements of a list
# swap function
def swap(arr):
arr[0], arr[-1] = arr[-1], arr[0]
return arr
# Driver code
arr = [11, 5, 17, 18, 23, 50]
print("Original list:", arr)
arr = swap(arr)
print("New list after swapping:", arr)Output:
Original list: [11, 5, 17, 18, 23, 50]
New list after swapping: [50, 5, 17, 18, 23, 11]# Python program to accept the strings which contains all vowels
# function to check string
def check(string):
# list of vowels
vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']
# iterate each vowel
for volwel in vowels:
# check if vowel is present in string
if not volwel in string:
return False
return True
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
string = input("Enter string: ")
if check(string):
print("Accepted")
else:
print("Not Accepted")Output:
Enter string: aa
Not Accepted# convert snake case to pascal case
# using title() + replace()
# initial string
string = "this_is_snake_case"
print("Original string:", string)
# Conver to pascal case
res = string.title().replace("_", "")
# print result
print("Pascal case:", res)# Python code to conver a list of tuples into dictionary
def convert(tup, di):
for a, b in tup:
di.setdefault(a, []).append(b)
return di
# Driver code
tup = [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4)]
di = {}
print(convert(tup, di))Output:
{'a': [1], 'c': [3], 'b': [2], 'd': [4]}# Python program to sort a list of tuples by second item
# function to sort list of tuples
def sort_tuple(tup):
# get length of list
length = len(tup)
for i in range(length):
for j in range(0, length - i - 1):
if tup[j][1] > tup[j + 1][1]:
tup[j], tup[j + 1] = tup[j + 1], tup[j]
return tup
# Driver code
tup = [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4)]
print("Sorted list:", sort_tuple(tup))Output:
Sorted list: [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('d', 4), ('c', 3)]# function to check if a string is pallindrom or not
def isPallindrome(string):
return string == string[::-1]
# Driver code
string = "malayalam"
if isPallindrome(string):
print("String is pallindrome")
else:
print("String is not pallindrome")Output:
String is pallindrome# Python program to sum of squares of first n natural numbers
def square_sum(n):
sum = 0
for i in range(1, n + 1):
sum += i * i
return sum
# Driver code
n = 5
print("Sum of squares of first", n, "natural numbers is", square_sum(n))Output:
Sum of squares of first 5 natural numbers is 55