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formating fixes
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ved-rivos committed Nov 22, 2023
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== Introduction

Control-flow Integrity (CFI) capabilities help defend against Return-Oriented
Programming (ROP) and the Zicfilp extension provides CFI capabilities to defend
against Call/Jump-Oriented Programming (COP/JOP) style control-flow subversion
attacks. These attack methodologies use code sequences in authorized modules,
with at least one instruction in the sequence being a control transfer
instruction that depends on attacker-controlled data either in the return stack
or in memory used to obtain the target address for a call or jump. Attackers
stitch these sequences together by diverting the control flow instructions
(e.g., `JALR`, `C.JR`, `C.JALR`), from their original target address to a new
target via modification in the return stack or in the memory used to obtain the
jump/call target address.
Programming (ROP) and Call/Jump-Oriented Programming (COP/JOP) style
control-flow subversion attacks. These attack methodologies use code sequences
in authorized modules, with at least one instruction in the sequence being a
control transfer instruction that depends on attacker-controlled data either in
the return stack or in memory used to obtain the target address for a call or
jump. Attackers stitch these sequences together by diverting the control flow
instructions (e.g., `JALR`, `C.JR`, `C.JALR`), from their original target
address to a new target via modification in the return stack or in the memory
used to obtain the jump/call target address.

RV32/RV64 provide two types of control transfer instructions - unconditional
jumps and conditional branches. Conditional branches encode an offset in the
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